USING CONDITIONAL IN

EXPRESSING ARGUMENTS
(ZERO CONDITIONAL)
Singular noun with “s” (eg. rains,stops)

Plural noun without “s” (eg. buy, sing,

Including… (You, and
I)
 When expressing arguments, you need to be able to use
conditionals to present possible scenarios. Typically, conditionals
are expressed using the if/when…then structure. The if/when clause
gives the antecedent, while the remaining clause is the
consequence.

(If/When+simple present (comma)…simple present)

(…simple present…if/when+simple present)

This conditional shows what you usually do in real-life

circumstances. Use this when talking about general truths and
habits.
EXAMPLES:

If you________ (leave) the object it ______(drop).

If you leave the object, it drops.

Water__________(freeze) when the temperature

_______(be) 0˚ Celsius

Water freezes when the temperature is 0˚ Celsius.

USING CONDITIONALS IN
EXPRESSING ARGUMENTS
(FIRST CONDITIONAL)
 Noun Not Noun + Verb

You, I, They Do not/Don’t Singular noun with “s” (rains)

She, He, It Does not/Doesn’t
Plural noun without “s” (buy)

Remember: do not/don’t/does not/doesn’t + base form of the verb

do not argue
doesn’t cure

(If+simple present (comma)…simple future)

 Examples:

1. If you__________ (not to hurry) you ___________ (to be late) for school.

If you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.

2. If she ________(to study) her lesson she __________(to pass)

If she studies her lesson, she will pass.

 This conditional is used to refer to a situation that is likely to happen in the

future.
Modal Verbs (Permission)

Can is most often used to ask for or give permission

at present.

May is use not to refuse permission in a formal way.

Could use in making polite requests.

 USING CONDITIONAL IN
EXPRESSING ARGUMENTS
(SECOND CONDITIONAL)
 Pronoun + simple past + base form of the verb

You, I. She, He, offered, suffered, would offer/suffer/win/b

They won, bought, uy

(If
… simple past…, … would + verb)
(… would + verb … if … simple past …)

 This is used to talk about what you would do in an unlikely or

improbable situation. This conditional gives a hypothetical
condition and a probable result.
 EXAMPLES:
1. If I _________(win) the lottery I _________ (buy) a house.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.

2. You________(not see) him if you ________(tell) to his parent

what really happened.
You would not see him if you told to his parent what really
happened.
USING CONDITIONALS IN
EXPRESSING ARGUMENTS
(THIRD CONDITIONAL)
 Past Participle of the Verb Past Perfect
Present Past Past had + past
Participle participle of the verb
buy bought bought had bought
watch watched watched had wached
write wrote written had written
see saw seen had seen
wash washed washed had washed
 (… would have + past participle … if + past perfect)
(if + past perfect (comma)… would have + past participle)

 The third conditional describes actions that you wish you had
done differently or that something could have happened
differently if the conditions had been different.
 Examples:
1. I__________(buy) two books if I __________ (enough) money.
I would have bought two books if I had enough money.

2. If Sheila __________(study) harder, she __________ (pass) the

examination.
If Sheila had studied harder, she would have passed the
examination.