Advanced Magnetic

Resonance Imaging
Sapna S Mishra
PhD Candidate
Neurocomputing Lab
MRI Protocols

T1 - Weighted Imaging Diffusion Weighted Imaging

T2 - Weighted Imaging Functional MRI

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging Arterial Spin Labelling

Each modality provides information regarding distinct properties of brain structure,

function, and composition.
MRI Protocols

T1 - Weighted Imaging Diffusion Weighted Imaging

T2 - Weighted Imaging Functional MRI

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging Arterial Spin Labelling

Each modality provides information regarding distinct properties of brain structure,

function, and composition.
Voxel Based Morphometry in T1-W Images
Susceptibility
Weighted Imaging
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is an MRI sequence that is

particularly sensitive to compounds which distort the local magnetic
field and as such make it useful in detecting blood products, calcium,
etc.

Useful in detecting calcium/iron deposits, micro-hemorrhages,

micro-bleeds, etc in the brain.
Magnitude Image Phase Image SWI Image
Processing Pipeline for SWI
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM)

QSM can help in differentiating

between paramagnetic and
diamagnetic abnormalities in
the brain.
Diffusion Weighted
Imaging
Diffusion Weighted Imaging

● Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) on DWI is a method used to estimate the

principal directions of diffusion of water molecules in nervous tissue.

● Diffusion measures like Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD),

Axial Diffusivity (AD), and Radial Diffusivity (RD) quantify the integrity of white
matter tracts.
● Significant changes in these properties signal microstructural damages like
demyelination, axonal injury, edema, etc.
Principles of DWI
dMRI Protocol
 Diffusion Tensor Reconstruction

Here S0 is the original image intensity at the voxel (measured with no

diffusion-sensitizing gradient) and Sk is the intensity measured after the
application of the kth diffusion-sensitizing gradient in the (unit) direction ĝk.

The product gTkDgk represents the diffusion coefficient (diffusivity) in direction

ĝk.

A system of equations is solved for D, the diffusion tensor. In order to calculate

the 6 independent numbers in the 3×3 symmetric matrix D, at least 7 images
are needed

The above system of equations can be solved via the least squares method at
each voxel.
Diffusion Maps