Present Perfect:

Use: The present perfect tense is used to indicate actions or events that started in the
past but have a connection to the present. It emphasizes the result or the relevance of
the action in the current situation.

Form: The present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of "have"
(have/has) and the past participle of the main verb.

Positive: Subject + have/has + past participle (e.g., "She has visited Paris.")
Negative: Subject + have/has + not + past participle (e.g., "They haven't eaten lunch.")
Question: Have/Has + subject + past participle? (e.g., "Have you seen this movie?")
Keywords: Words like "just," "already," "yet," "since," and "for" are often used with the
present perfect tense.

Example: "I have just finished my work."

Time frame: The specific time when the action occurred is not mentioned, or it is not
important in the present perfect tense. It focuses on the result or the impact on the
present.

Past Perfect:

Use: The past perfect tense is used to show that one action in the past happened
before another action in the past. It emphasizes the sequence of events.

Form: The past perfect tense is formed by using the past tense of "have" (had) and the
past participle of the main verb.

Positive: Subject + had + past participle (e.g., "She had already eaten when I arrived.")
Negative: Subject + had + not + past participle (e.g., "They hadn't met each other
before the party.")
Question: Had + subject + past participle? (e.g., "Had you seen the movie before that
night?")
Keywords: Words like "before," "after," "by the time," "when," and "until" are often used
with the past perfect tense to indicate the sequence of events.

Example: "By the time he arrived, she had already left."

Time frame: The past perfect tense is used to establish the order of past events,
making it clear which action occurred first.
In summary:

Use the present perfect for actions or events with a connection to the present, focusing
on the result or impact.
Use the past perfect to indicate the sequence of past events, showing which action
happened before another action in the past.
Here's an example to illustrate the difference:

Present Perfect: "I have finished my homework." (Emphasizing that the homework is
now completed.)
Past Perfect: "I had finished my homework when the phone rang." (Showing that the
homework was completed before the phone rang.)