BAHRIAUNIVERSITY,

(Karachi Campus)

NAME: TASMEER JAMALI

ENROLLMENT: 02-132222-024

PROGRAM: BCE

SECTION: 3(A)

COURSE: Complex Numbers and Variables

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Complex Variables and Transforms (GSC-220)

Prove the laws:

"The commutative laws"

(1) Z₁ +Z₂ = Z₂+Z+ Z₁Z₂ = Z₂Z

and the associative laws:"

(2) (2, +Z₂) + 2; = 2, +(2₂+Z3), (2,Z2)Z,=.Z,(Z,Z,

Solution

(1): Z₁t Z₂ = Z₂+Z₁

=X

ZZ = (X,+iy,) + (x₂ + ¡y₂)

(X + X₂ ) + ( ¡y₁ + iy₂): by the definition

of + in C

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= ( X 2 + X ₁ ) + i ( Y ₂ + Y₁) :: Since + is commutative

Min R

= (x₂+iY₂ ) + ( x + iy,) by the definition of + in C

Z₁+Z, Z₂+ Z₁ frowed!

Z1Z2 = Z2Z1

L.H.S

Z1Z2 = (x, +ix₁) (x2+iY2)

= (X1, X2 - Y1 X2 ) + i ( Y, X 2 + X, Y₂)

= ·( = x2x₁ = Y₂ Y₁) +i (Y/½ x₁ + X₂ Y₁) (X₂-¡Y₂) (x, tiy₁)

= Z2 Z

Z, Z, = Z₂Z, Proved!

(2)

(2₁ +2₁) +23 = 2, + (Z₂ +23)

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L·H·S

(Z₁ + Z₂ ) + Zz = {(x, + ¡y₁) + (x² + iy₂ ) } + ( X3 + iɣs)

= {(x, + x 2 ) + i (y + x 2 ) } + ( X 2 + ¡y² )

= {(x, + x 2 ) + x 3 ) } + ; { (Y₁ + Y ₂ ) + Y₂ }

{ x + ( x 2 + x)} + ; { Y₁ + (Y₂ + Y + )

= (x₁tiy₁) + {(x z + α z ) + i ( Y ₂ + Ys)}

(2, +22)+2= 2 + (22 +23)

Proved!

(Z, Z2) Z3 = Z1,(z2,z3)

L.H-S

(x₁+¡y₁) ( X 2 + ¡y₂) } (1₁ + iy₁)

{(x, X2 - Y₁Y2)+i(Y, X₂ + X, Y₂) } ( x,+iY₁)

(Z, Z₂) Z3 = { {(x, 22-Y, Y2) 23 - ( Y₁ X 2 + X, Y 2 ) Y3}+ ; { (Y₁ X 2 + X, Y₂ ) x + (X1, X2 -

Y₁ Y₂) Y3 }

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= {x₁ (X2 X3 - Y₂ Y3 ) - Y₁ ( Y 2 X 3 + X 2 Y 3 ) } + ; { y₁ (x, xx- Y₂ Y3 ) + X₁ ( Y 2 X3 +
X2 Y2)}

= (x, + ¡y₁) {(x, x3 - Y₂ Y 3 ) + ; ( Y ₂ X3 + X 2 Y 3 ) }

= (x₁ + ¡y₁) { ( x 2 + ¡Y 2) (X3+iYs)}

= Z3(Z₂Z1)

(Z1z2)Z3 = Z3(Z2Z3) Proved!

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