C

D
1. Name the appliance and its
purpose of use in fig A.
2. What are the forces and moments created in fig A,B,C and D.
3. In fig C, which type of anchorage is utilized? Identify the
anchorage side and movement side

Key:
1.

I.

Transpalatal arch
II. Bilaterally expansion of molars by opening the loop in the middle of a
transpalatal arch
2. In fig A,
 Force: An expansion force on molars in facial direction bilaterally below
the center of resistance (CR)
 Moment: moment of force (MF) to tip the crown in facial direction
bilaterally.
In fig B,
  Force: An expansion force on molars in facial direction bilaterally below the
center of resistance (CR)
 Moments:
I. Moment of force (MF): To tip the crown in facial direction bilaterally.
II. Moment of couple (MC): A twist in the wire is placed to torque the
roots in facial direction bilaterally

In fig C,
 Force:
I. An expansion force on molars in facial direction bilaterally below the
center of resistance (CR)
II. Intrusive force on the anchorage side, and extrusive force on the
movement side
 Moments:
I. Moment of force (MF): To tip the crown in facial direction bilaterally.
II. Moment of couple (MC) to torque the roots in facial direction on
anchorage side only

In fig D,
 Force:
I. Mesialization force where toe-in bend is given.
II. Distalization force on the other side

 Moments: Mesio-buccal rotation of the molar

3.
I. Stationary anchorage
II. The side with twist in wire is anchorage side, and the side without
twist in the wire is movement side.

Reference: contemporary orthodontics by william r. proffit,, sixth edition, page 307