IV ONnTUKA 25. BIASMBAHHA | SAIOMMEHHS CBITNA 25.1. Conaquua npomit, uo mpoxoguTs Kpiss orsip y Bi- kouHuui, yTB0ptoe 3 NOBepxHelo cToa KyT 48°. 1K Tpe6a posmic- THTH MIOCKe M3ePKaNO, MOG 3MiHUTH HaNpAM MpoMeHa Ha ropH- SOHTaNbHHE? 25.2. Ha akuii KyT noBepHetsca mpominy, BigGuTHA Big MaOC- Koro m3epKaia, KONM A3epKano NOBepHyTH Ha KyT&? 25.3. Bucora Conus Haq ropw3oHtom a = 38°. Tig akum KyTom B 10 ropu3onty TpeGa posmictuTH y3epKano W106 ocBi- THTH COHAYHHMH MPOMeHAMH HO BepTHKabHoro: KoNOAAsA? 25.4. Tlnocke asepKano yTBopioe i3 crorloM ”BOrpanHHh KyT a. Ha croai na sigcrani / Bia peOpa asorpanvoro Kyta 1eKHTS moueta, Busnauntn Biactatb d, Ha Aky 3MillyeTbcA so6paxKenHA MOHeTH y ASepKani, KOA A3epKano NOBepHYTH Ha KyT @ BiHOCHO pe6pa ssorpaHHoro KyTa. 25.5. Sikoi Mae GyTH Haiimenma BHCOTa BepTHKanbHoro Asep- kana, W106 mMoquHa Mora B HboMy GauHTH cBoe BiZo6paKkeHia Ha Bech spicT, He SMiHIOIONH NOMOKEHHA TONOBH? 25.6. JsepKanbunit ranbBanomerp posmictunu Ha Bigctani R= 2 Big wkaan. Ha aknit KyT noBepHyaoch q3epKanbue, AKWO «3ak4uk» sMicTHBCA Bi, UeHTpa WkKaIH Ha 50 cM? 25.7. [pegmer micrutsca Mix 2B0Ma B3ae¢MHO nepneHguKy- JAPHUMA AsepKatamu. CkinbKH Syne 306paxenb? Mo6yazysaTa ix. 3uafitn posB'asaHHA JA 3aranbHoro BUNMaaKy: AKWO KyT Mik 3epKanamMa a, npHyomy 360°/« — uine uncno. 25.8. Hesennxuit npegmer mictutaca Mix 2BOMa nocKNMH agepKanaMa, MOCTaBNeHHMH nig KyToM @ = 30°, Ha Bigcta- Hi r = 10cm Big ainii neperuny n3epKan OnwxK4e AO oMHOrO 3 asepkan. L. Ha axit igctani x ogue Bix ogHoro OyayTb neputi yaBui so6paxkenua mpenmeta B W3epKamax? 2. Posa'asaTu 3aqa4y B 3arambHomy Buraagi AA Gyab-AKorO kyTa @, "725.9. Tpa nsepKkaa Haxuseni OLHe 0 OLHOTO Tak, MLO yTEO- plowoTb aBorpauHHii KyT a. Ha Hux naqae NpoMiHb, MO NEKUTb y naoMMHi, HepneHANKyAApHiA NO peGpa KyTa. 3naiiTH, Ha AKHii KyT MoBepHeTbCs BiAGHTHH NpoMinb nicad BinOMBaHHA Bi OGOX agepkan. 25.10. 3opio BuAHO B 30poBy Tpy6y NicaA ABOKpaTHOrO Biz- GuBanHs Bid KYTOBOTO A3epKana 3 posxHioM @. AK nepemimyBa- THMeTbCA 306paxKeHHA B Tpy6i, KON KyTOBe JsepKaNO TPoxH NOBEPTATHMeTbCA HaBKOTO pe6pa? 25.11. [pomin cpitna nagzae Ha omHe 3 A3epKan, WO yTBOpO- JoTb JBOrpaHHunli KyT @ = 20°, napaseabHo moun, 1Ka AianTb KYT HaBnid niq NpAMHM KyTOM Yo JiHii nepeTHHy AsepKan. HK BiH ize nani? AKow 6yze cua cBitna nicaA BHXOAY Npomensa 3 MBOrpaHHoro KyTa, AKWO NoYaTKOBa cHsta cBiTNa J = 10 KA i 1PM KOXKHOMY BiNOHBaHHi Cl1a CBiTya 3MeHIYeTbCA B Ba pasn? 25.12. Tlocepeauni Miak 4BOMa MIOCKHMH J3epKaamy, napa- J@NbHHMH OHNE OLHOMy, € TOUKOBe WKepeno cBiTaa. 3 AKHMH OAHaKOBHMH LIBHKOCTAMH Mal0Tb pyXaTHCb OOHJBa AsepKana, 3aJMIUalOYHCh NapasebHAMH OfHe OLHOMY, MoO nepwi yaBni soOpaxkeHHa wKepena B AsepKanax HabmMKaMUch i3 WBHLKic- mio 5 m/c? 25.13, BepTukanbunit KinoK 3aBBHuKH Ah = 1 M, mo CTOITb Cian ByAu4HOrO JixTapsa, BiqKHJae TIHb 3aBAOBKKH |, = 0,8 M. SIkmo nepenectH KiaoK Had = | M Qani Bin aixtaps (y TIH cami naomHi), TO BiH BiAKHHe TiHb 3aBQOBKKH /, = 1,25 M. Ha skill eucoti H BuCHTb aixTap? 25.14. Cropn B6uTo y AHO piku Tak, wo h, = 1 M crosna nigHiMaeTbCA Hay BOLI. 3HaliTH HOBKHHY TiHi CTOBNa Ha NoBepx- nii Ha gui piku, AkmMo Bucota ConuA Hal ropuHs0HTOM a = 30°, ran6una pikn hy = 2 M, nOKa3HHK 3a0MMeHHA AA BORK n = = 1,33. 25.15. Aknii rpanngnnii KyT mp naginni mnpoMena na MeExy cK0—Boja? 25.16. Ha axili ranOnni nig Bogoio nepeGysae BogoNas, AKLLO rin 6aunTb Big6uTHMH Bix NoBepXHi BOLM Ti YaCTHHH TopHson- TabHOrO Ha, AKi po3MimeHi Big HBOTO Ha BigcTaHi s = 15 M i rani? 3picr Boxo1asa a = 1,5 mM. TlokasHuk 3aommenHa in bogu n= 1,33. 25.17. Y ckai 3 n0Ka3HHKOM 3aMOMMeEHHA Ney = 1,52 e€ che pH4una nopoxknuna paziycom R = 3 cm, 3anoBHeva BOLI (fy = -= 1,33). Ha nopowknuny nagaloth napastenbHi mpomeni cBitna, BusnayHTH pagiyc cBiTMoBoro my4yKa, WO MPOHHKae B nopomxK- unny. 25.18. [Ipominb, siknii nayae na naocky MexKYy ABOX cepeno- BULL, BiQHOCHHH NOKasHUK 3aMOMJCHHA SKUX MN, YaCTKOBO Biz- 6uBaeTbes, a YacTKOBO 3anommoeTEcA. Tipu skomy KyTi napin- 113Ha BiNOHTHA NpOMinh Syze NepneHAUKYNAPHHM MO 3anoMseHOTO mpomens? 25.19. [Ipominb cBitaa naqae Ha OnTHoHy MpH3My 3 KBapio- Boro cKa ni KyTOM 36°. 3anomHuit KyT npH3mH 40°, [liq aku KyTOM MpOMiHb Blige 3 MpHsMH i AKHH Horo KyT BiAXHNeHHA Bia novarkosoro HanpaMy? TlokasHHkK 3amloMmeHHA KBaplloBoro cksa 1,54. 25.20. Y Boi iiqyTb 4Ba napanenbunx npomeni / i 2. Mpominn I BaxouuTs y noBitpa Gesnocepemubo, a mpominb 2 npoxoguTo Kpi3b TOPH30HTaIbHy mMlocKonapanembHy CKAAHY MacTHHky, Ka JIQKHTb Ha nopepXxHi BOdH. 1. Un sanuwareca npomeni / i 2 napanenbunmn nicaa Buxony B moBiTpsa? 2. Un suiize B nositpa npominb 2, akuyo npominb / 3asHae MOBKOrO BHYTPiWHbOrO BigOuTTA? 25.21. [Ipomins cBitma nagqae Ha MMOCKONapanebHy CKIAHY muiacTHHky mi KyTom ¢ = 60°. Aka TOBUAHHa MacTHHKH d, Konit TipH BUXOA: 3 Hei MpoMinb 3mictHTbca Ha 20 MM? [loKasHHK MOMMICHHA CKa n = 1,5. 25.22. Iipominb nagae Ha nalocky CKAAHY NacTHuky 3aBTOBLi- kad = 3 cm nig KyToM & = 70°. BusHayHTH 3MinjeHHA npomeHA BeepequHi nmacTHHKH. TloKkasnk satomaenHa ckaa 1,5. 25.23. Mix cBiTHOIO TOUKOIO i OKOM BCTAHOB/eHO MWIOCKO- fapaneibHy MaacTuHKy. SHaittu noGyxoB0w0 yaBHe 306paxKeHHa TOUKH. 25.24. [Ipeamer micruteca ua Bigctani 1 = 15 cm Big naocko- NlapatenbHoi ckanHoi nactuHKH. Cnoctepiray po3sraagae npes- MeT Yepes MAaCTHHKY TaK, UO NPOMiHb 3Opy HOPMabHHH No Hei. BusuadHTi BiqcTaHb x Bid 306paxKeHHA mpeameta AO HaliGnun- uoi gaa cnoctepiraya rpani, AKO TOBUIMHa MlacTHHKH d =: 4,5 cM, noka3HHK 3anoMneHHA cKa n = 1,5. 25.25. [Ipomin cpitia nagae Ha OAHOpiAHy Mposopy Kysio0 i mponnkae B Hei. IIpoxogauu BcepeauHi Kyi, mpoMiHb ocA- raemexi Kya — noBitps. Un Mowe B uit Touni craTHcA noBHe BHyTpiwine BigOuTTA? 25.26. CaitzoBi mpomeni, uo nagaioTb Ha BepXHtO Ppalb CK.IA- Hoi nuacTHHKH KBagpaTHoro nepepisy, AK 306parxKeHo Ha plc. 98, 3a3HalOTb MOBHOTO BiMOHTTA Ha BepTHKanbHili rpani. AkKuM Mae 6yTH Haiimenwuii noka3HUK 3anoMIeHHA cKsa? 25.27, Ckaannii ky6 WexKHTb Ha apkywi nanepy, NOKpHBato- 4H COOOf0 HaMa/IbOBaHi Ha HbOMy 3ipouKu. [IpH nbomy BHsBUIA- eTbca, Wo Kpi3b GiyHi cTOpoHH KyGa sipoyoK He BUAHO. Korn nit ocHoBy Ky6a BIyCTHTH Kpallio Bog, TO 3ipoyKH MOmKHA GauuTu uepes GiuHi crinkn. TloncHuTH ue ABHUe. 25.28. Ha ocHosi piBHoOiyHol CKnAHOT Npu3MA A@KHTh nH- munca, SAKe MaKCHMabHO AOMYCTHMe 3Ha4eHHA mMOKasHuKasanoMneHHA n, NPH AKOMY NWAWHKY We MoxkHA NOGagHTH Kpisb Giuni rpani npu3smH 3 JonoMoroWw npomeHiB, uo Ha MeXxi CKO — noBitpA He 3a3HaaH *%oRHOFO BiLOUTTA. 25.29. S3naiitw Micue so6paxenna o6’exTa, posMilienoro Ra Bigctayi / = '4 cM Bid NepewHbO! noBepxHi nsocKonapanenbHoi cKASHOI MmACTHHKH SaBTOBIUKH d = | cM, nocpi6neHoi 3 THIb- Horo 6oky, NpHiMaloyH NOKasHNK SanoMNeHHA NAaCTHAKK n = 1,5. 3o6paxkenua posraiagzaTa nepnenay- kyJApHO JO noBepXHi nacTHHKH. 25.30. Y nocyawiy HanuTo zBi HesMimwy- Baki piqHiW 3 NOKasHHKaMH 3anoMnEnna n, = 1,3 i ng = 1,5. 3Bepxy pignna 3 no- J Ka3HHKOM 3aJoMieHHs 7. Topuina Ti wapy h h, = 3cm. Tosumna wapy xpyrei pigwnn \ hy 5m. Ha axili Bigctani Biq nopepxni PiAMHH 32aBaTUMeTbCA WHO NOCyANHH, AKO JUBHTHCb Ha HbOrO BBEpXy Kpisb oGngBi ‘pi- A\ N anun. K\ 25.31. Jlioguna QuBHTBCA Ha cBoe 30Opa- Pre, 98 Kena y J3epKani, AKe TEKHTh Ha ani “ne- cyawHH 3 Bogow. Ha aky BigcTatb akomo- AYE€TbCA OKO MORNHH, KOM BoHa Ha BHCOTI A = 10 cm Hay piB- HEM BOMM, a R8epKano — Ha raHOUHi hy = 8 cm nig piBem BORK? Tlokasnvik 3anomaennA BouH n = 1,33. 26, C@EPHYHI ABSEPKANA | SIH3K. ONTHYHI CHCTEMH 26.1. Ha ainsy nanaé npominb, He napanenbunit ronoBnilt onTwunif oci. Mo6yaysara xin mpomena. Doxye saqano. 26.2. Csitua Touka MicTuTbea y doKanbuiit nnouni s6u- panbHoi Jingu Ha Jeskili BigcTani Bix ronoBHO onTHUHO! OCi. Sa ain30I0 NepneHAWKyAApHO 2O TOMOBHO! ONTHYHOI OCi BCTaHOB- neno 23epKano. Jle Gyze 306paxenna? 26.3. Jano onTuyny Bich OO,, ontHynHii neNTp HinsH i Xin AoBiabHoro npomens (puc. 99). 3uaiiTH NOGyAOBOIO ronOBHi (poKy- cH in3H. 26.4. Un Mona Ty camy AiH3y BHKOpHCTOBYBaTH B OAHOMY cepezoBHuli AK posciioBanbHy, a B iHWOMy AK 364pasbHy? Tlonc- HATH. 26.5. Ax Tpe6a posmictuTH yBi WinsH, UICG Napanenbni npo- MeHi, AKi NPOXOAATh KPi3b HHX, 3a7HUININCb NapaneabHumu? PosrasHyTH BHNALKH: a) 1iH3H 36HpanbHi; 6) OKA Jinsa s6upanb- Ha, ina — posciwsalbHa. 26.6. Jlaio ronosny ontuyny Bich OO, ccbepu4noro z3epKana, cpituy TouKy S Ta ii s06paxenna S’. 3naiiTH rpaisnoiw nobyno- BolO WeHTp KPHBHSHH i BepunHy AsepKaa. Ake Gyo asepKanor 120BrHyTe YH OnykNe? Ake so6paxenna BuiimazO npH ubomy: Rific- we UH yaBHe? Posp’azatH saqauy Mid BunaqKiB, noKasaHux Ha pue. 100. J. Touxu Si S’ nexarb no o6ugzBa Goxu oci OO, na pisHHx BigcTanax Big Oci i Ha JeaKiii Bigctani oyna Big oMHOi. 2. Touxn S iS’ nexatb no ognn 6ik oci OO, Ha pisnnx BizcTa- nax Bin Hei i Ha AeaKii Bigcrani OnHa Big OgHOi (posrAAHYTH MOK- aupi BapianTy), 26.7. Toukobe wxepeno cBiT- aa .nepeminlyeTbca. piBHoMipHo @. BIA. MeHTpa BsepKaa YO loro BeplwHHH. 1, ik nepemimyerbea npH Ubo- my soOpaxkenha yoxepena i ak aMimoetben foro mBHAKicTh? 2. Y. cKinbKH. pasis. cepeaua MBHAKICTh nepeMiujenun _306pa- 2KeHHA Ginbwa BiXWBHAKOCTI Ne- peminjena npeameta na xinanni Pre, 99 Bin d, = 1,5F n0 d, = 1,1F? 3. Bina. aKxoi Touxu np nepemimenni pxepena WEYRKicTb nepemimenin so6paxenna naii6inbma? 26.8. Cnocrepiray ABBUTbCA Kpi3b TOHKY ckaaHy naacraaKy Ha CBoe SOOpaxkenHA B OnyKOMy JsepKani i, NepeMillyio4Hn Mwac- THHKY, AOMaraeTben, 1106 s06paxkenhA fioro oka, BuAuMe y Asep- Sy s RK Kani i B ckaaHii nuacTuuui, Haknagannch oe Ha ofHe ji 1e SMillyBanuicn Bi NOXHTYBaHHA ronoBoi (napanakcy Hemae). Ha akili Bigcrani Big oka cnoctepiraya MicTHTbCA naacTHHKa, AKWO PokycHa BilcTaHb AsepKaia F = 40cm i oxo Bigmanene Big Horo Bepumun Ha Ll = 40 cm? 26.9. 3a nesHoro posMiujeHHa s06paxkenua npenmera y Brny- ToMy A3epKaai B TPH pasH MeHUe BiX camoro npeuMeta. SkMO 2 DPeAMET JepecyHyTH Ha BiAcTanb / = 15 cm GanaKye 2O Wsep- ~ 32)Kana, To 306paxkenia crave B 1,5 pasa Mente, Hix HpeqMer. Suaitra cbokycuy Bigctaib F jsepKana. 26.10. 36iKHi npomeni magawrs Ha onyKNe A3epKaio Tak, INO TpOLOBKeHHA ix NepeTHHAIOTHCA B TOU, AKA MeKUTb Ha Bid- cranid = 0,4 M 3a gsepKanom. BixGuBuincb Big 3epKana, mpo- MeHi POSXOAATLCA TAK, UO MPOLOBKeHHA ix TlepeTHHAIOTbCA B tow, BiqganeHifi Big 43epKana Ha BigcTaHh f = 1,6 M. O6uazBi TOUKH MepeTHHy JtexKaTb Ha ronoBHili onTH4Hih oci AsepKana. BusHauutH (okycHy BiscraHb F ysepKana. 26.11. Payiyc KpHBusHu BruyToro z3epKana R = 40 cm. Sualitu Mice 06’eKTa, Mp AKoMy foro 306paxKenHa 6yye mikic- HAM i 36inbueHHM y 2Ba pasi. 3HaiiTH, Je Mae GyTH 06’eKT, 06 foro 300paxkeHHa Oy0 yaBHHM i 36inbueHHM y UBa pasH. IToby- AyBaTH 300paxkeHHa O6’eKTa B OOOX BHMayKaXx. 26.12. 1. Kpyramit ockonox ckaaHoi mocpi6nenoi Kyai BAKO- PUcTOByIOTh AK ONyKae chepuyHe AsepKano. Akuh niametp Mana po3s6uTa Kyi, KONH AMA Toro, 106 noGayHTH NoBHicTiO Bracie o6H4GA, NOTPiISHO TPHMaTH OCKONOK Ha BigcTaHi, He MeHWia Bin a= 30cm? Jfiamerp ockonka D = 5 cm, JoBxKHHa OOnHIGA | = = 20 cm. 2, Jltoquna AMBUTbCA B yrHyTe ctbepw4He AsepKano i OayHTS npaMe 306pakeHtia cBoro oKa. Kytosuit posmip nboro 306paxen- HA BY = 1,8 pasa Ginbule Big KyTOBOro po3sMipy 306paxenus, ake Gyno 6 y maocKomy A3epKani, posMiljeHomy Ha Taki camifi Biactani a = 24 cm. BusnaynTH pakiye KpHBHSHH yrHyToro Asep- Kalla. 26.13. J[pa onHakosi ciepwuni Brnyti a3sepKana noctaBuni O§He MpoTH O_HOrO Tak, W406 ronoBHi doKxycu ix sGiranncs. Csitna touka S MictutTbea Ha cniabHiit oci asepKan Ha BigcTati a Big epworo z3epKana. Jle 6Gyne so6paxenna S’ nica Bin6u- BaHHA Bil O6OX AsepKan? 26.14. J[pa ogkakos| chepuyni srayti y3epKana noctasaau OjHe NpoTH OfHOrO Ha BiACTaHi, y YOTHPH pasn GOiabwii Big cho- KycHoi Bigctani. Y coxyci oxHoro zsepKaa BMiljeHO AKepeO cpitna. 3Halitu YOTHpH NepuMX so6paxkeHHA WKepena. 26.15. B yruyte a3epkasio pagiycom R = 16 cm Hannan TOH- Kui wap BogM (ToKa3sHHK 3toMmeHHsA BorM n = */,), BusHauTH doxycuy Bigcranh F uiei cucremn. 26.16. [lnocka nopepxHa naockoonyKnoi sinsH, CHa sinctaHb akoi F, nocpi6wena. 3xHalirn dokycny BixcTaHb Pr yt BopeHoro A3epKasa. 26.17. Sikoio Gye dokycHa BigcTaHb F’ asepKana, KonH Mo- cpi6autn He naocky, a onyKny noBepxHio ainsu? Pagiyc kpuBus- uu wiel nosepxui R 26,18. SHaiiTH no6yqoBoI0 nonowKeHHA poscitoBanbHoi ninsH i ii ronosHux toxycis, nkuo posmipax npegmeta AB = 10 cm, 122fioro s06paxenna A,B, = 5 cM, a BigcTanb Mik ToUKaMA B i B, wa ontwynilt oci a = 4 cm. Jlo6yti jani nepeBipuTH pos- paxynkom. 26.19. 3naiirn no6yAoBoI0 300paxKenHa mpeameta, posmi- meHoro Ha dokycuiit Bigcrani Briytoi zinsu. Hacniaku nepesi- PHTH pospaxyHKoM. 4 26.20. Aka ronosya dokycHa BigcTaHb insu F, akwo ANA yTBopeHHa 306paxkeHHs npeyMeTa B HaTypaJbHy BeAMYHRy Nped- MeT TpeOa posMictuTH Ha Bigctani d= 20 cm Big ninsn? TogaTa B gionTpiaxX onTHYHy cHay AiNSH. 26.21. Ha sxiit Bigcrani Bia onyksOi JiH3H 3 oKycHOW BiAcTaH- mo F = 60 cm Tpe6a_ posmicrHTH mpeaner, u106 xictaTH xilicne s06pa- 2eHHA, 36inbueHe Bk = 2 pas? Posp’ssatx noGyzoBow i nepeBipy- TH pospaxyHKOM. 26.22. 3a yomomoroio JiH3H, on- Tuyna cua skoi D = -+ 4 antp, noTpi6Ho jictaTH s6inbuleHe Bk = 5 pas s06paxKenna npen- meta. Ha skit Binctani d nepen sins0i0 Tpe6a nomicruTH neli npegmet? Poss’s3aTH noGyoBow i nepeBipHTH pospaxyn- KOM. 26.23. 36ixHHi My4OK cBiTa Mae BHTJIAA KOHyCa 3 Bepumi- now y Touni S, (pe. 101). Ha wasxy nyyKa cBitsa posmimeHo sOupanbhy JiH3y Tak, WO Bich KoHyca 30iraeTbCA 3 TOMOBHOIO ontTnyHo1 Biccio ainsH. Bigctanb Big onTHYHOFO LeHTpa C ninsH zo S, nopipniwe 30 cm. B aii Touni mepeTHyTben npomeri nica: sajomieHHa B Jin3i, skujo ii onTHYHa cua 4 ANTp? 26.24. Touxose mxepeno cBiTIa BiqdaneHe Bi eKpaHa Ha L = 95 cm. Ha axiii Bigctani Big wkepena cBiTaa caia noMicTATH ainsy 3 @okycHolo BigcranHio F = -+-16 cm i 3 aiameTpom onpa- pu D = 10 cM, m06 MaTH Ha eKpaHi sicKpaso ocBiTnennit Kpy- 2KOK iametpom d = 2,5 cm? BinnoBiqb nOACHHTH KpecneHHAMn. 26.25. [Ipeamer po3Mimeno Ha BigcTaHi x = 10 cm Bid nepen- HbOrO @okyca 3OupatbHOi iH3H, a eKPaH, Ha AKOMY .BUXOAHTD uirke 300paxKeHHA mpeiMeTa, BcTaHoBmeHo Ha BincTaHi x’ = = 40 cm Big 3aquboro dokyca ins. SHaiiTH doxycny BiAcTaHb nin3n, 26.26. Ha axiii Bigctani cnig posmicraTH npegmer Big 36n- panbHoi insu, m0 BiqcTaHb Bi npeaMera Zo Horo Rilicnoro s06paxkenHs 6ys1a Halimenuioiw? 26.27. Biactanb Big ocBiTmeHoro npexmera fo ekpana L = = 100 cm. Tocrapnena Mik HUMH JiH3a Jae YiTKe 306paxKeHHa npejMera Ha eKpaHi Mp ABOX NONOKeHHAX, BIACTAaHb Mik AKHMH = 20 cm. 3unaiiTH boxycny BigzcTaHb ainsn. Pue. 104 92326.28. 36upansia nin3a Jae 306paxKeHHA Npeqmeta Ha expaui. Bucora s06paxenua qopistioe hy. Sannuraiown HepyXoMHMH eK- pat i TIpeCAMeET, MOUHHAIOTh nepeminlyBaTn nin3y Ro expata i 3Ha- XOAATH, WO MPH ApyroMy 4iTKOMy 300paxkeHHi mpeameta Bucota s06paxenta sopisitioe hy. 3naiitu ailicry Bucoty mpemeta h. Aky yMopy mae sajoBobHATH Bigctak’ L mix mpegmetom i expaHom? 26.29. [Ipeqmer i expan 3aspikcopaHo, HepyXOMo y BepTHKasib- Homy nonoxenHi, Mik HAMM € JBOOMYKNa NiH3a, AKY MoKHA Tepe- CyBaTH B3AOBK romoBHoi onTHYHO: oci. 3 oaHoi nosuuii minsa nae Ha expani so6paxkenia, a6inbuiene B TpH pas. Uomy nopis- mOBaTHMe SOiMbINeEHHA, AKe fae ninsa 3 inmoi nosuuii, npy AKiat Ha ekpaui yTsoptoetsca yiTke 306paxKeHiA? Busnawirn BiscTatb ¢ Mik OGoma nosHuiamH ainsu. Bigctanb mix npeametom i ex- patom L’= 60° cm. 26.30. [Ipeamer Mictutben Ha Bixctani L = 90 cm Bia ekpana. Mixx mpeieetom i ekpatom nepemintyiors ainsy. 3 oxuoi fos uit isa qae Ha expani 36inbulene 306paxenta npeqmeta, a 3 irauoi — smenmene. Aka oxycHa BizcTaHb ainsH, AKIO MiHilt- ui posmipd mepuoro so6paxentia B GOTHpH past Ginbui Bin posMipis apyroro? 26.31. MoxycHa Binctans ABoonyKAOi ninsH F = 5 cm. Tou kobe spxepeno cBitaa MicTHTSCA Ha Oci AiH3H Ha BincTaHi d = 6 cm Big Hel. Jlixay pospisyloTe nazouHHOIO y3q0B%K ONTHIHO! oci Ha api pisui yacrauu i poscyBaiors Wi YacTHHH Ha BigcTath s = 1 cM cuMerpu4yno BiqnocHo onTH4Hoi oci. SHaiiTH BigcTate Mik 180Ma 300paxKeHHAMH TOUKH. 26.32. [lo6yaysatu rpadik 3anexuocti Biqctani 306paxenua f go ninau Big Bincrani d npegmera go winsu. Posraauytu Takou BumagqoK, Kom npegMeT yaBHnit. 26.33. Tlogatn ninifne a6inbuenna k 3anexno Big coKycHoi piqctani F i Bigctayi mpegmeta Big winsa d qa BunagKis: a)d > F; 6) d < F. Mo6yaysatu rpaik sanexnocti k Bin d. 26.34. Y3n0B%«K onTa4Hoi oci TOHKOI 36upanbHOi miH3H 3 cpo- Kycto1o BinctanHio F = 12 cm posmimexo npeqmer, omMH Kinetb akoro Ha BincTaHi a = 17,9 cm Bid ainsH, a apyruit — Ha Bin- craui 6 = 18,1 cm. Bu3snauyntu 36inbmeHHa 306paxKeHHa. 26.35. SHaliru qoBxKHHYy 306pamxenna 0’ crpiaKn, posmingenot Y340BK ONTHYHO! Oci BNPHTy No poscitoBanbHO! Ait3sH, AKUGO opxuHa ¢ camoi cTpinku popisHioe dpokycHilt Bigctani ainsu F. Poss’a30K OOrpyHTyBaTH nobyqOBor0. 26.36. Toukose AxKepeno cBitaa posmimeHe Ha Bigctani a = = 30 cm Big TOHKOI AiH3u, onTHYHa cua aKoi D = 5 antp. Ha sky BiqcTatb 3MicTHTbCA 306paxKeHHA JyKepena, AKO MiK niH301I0 i D2KepeNOM MOcTaBHTH TOBCTY CKJIAHY M1acTHHKy 3aB- topumka A = 15 cm i noka3iukom 3amoMmeHHA n = 1,5? 124 { 426.37. Ha expani, Binnanenomy ‘Bik 06’ekTHBAa (Tonka ninsa ontHyHow cujoio 5 antp) Ha 4 M, AicranH 4iTKE so6paneritis jia- nosHTHBa. Expak BincyBaloTb Ha 20 cm. Ha ckinbKu TpeOa nepe- micTuTH giano3suTaB, ujo6 BiqHOBHTH UiTKiCTh 306paxKeHHA, * 26.38. AK sMinuTbea qokycHa BixcTaNb cKIAHO! Jinsn, saxo ii 3aHypuTH B Bony? 26.39. TlokasaTu, mo onTH4Ha cHaa ABOX cTHUANX TONKUX ains Ropisuioe cyMi ixXHiX ONTHYHHX cH. 2 26.40. OG’exTHB cKNalaeTbCA 3 TPhOX KOHTAKTYIOUNX TOHKUX ni3: nepila ABoonykna 3 oxycoio Bigctanmo F, = 12,5.cm, aipyra ABOBTHYTA 3 hoKyCHOIO BiACTAHMO F, = —10 em i tpeta yBoony kata 3 hokycnow Bigcrannio Fy = 5 cm, Busnayntn donye: hy BigeTaHb o6’extupa F. 26.41. Cpitna Touka MicTuTbca Ha roaoBHili ontaynift ‘oci ninsu, poKycha Bizctaib akoi F = 3 cm, Ha Bizctani d= 4 cm nig ii ontuynoro uentpa. Ha sigzcrani A= 3 cM Bin nepwioi SHSM’ 3HAXOANTECA Apyra aiH3a Takoi camoi onruunci cH. Onruuni oci 060x sins 36iraroreca. [le Gyne s06parxenna cBiTHO TOUKH? 26.42. Ha ontuyniii asi posmimeno api s6upanbui ninsn 3 gokycnumn Bigetanamn F, = 12 cm i F, = 15 cm. Biactanb mixx SiH3aMH 36 cm. Tipeamer sHaxogutbes Ha BigcTanid = 48 cm Bid nepuioi ainsn. Ha aKiii Bigctani / Bia apyroi zinsn Gyne 300- paxenna npenmera. 26.43. Tpegmer saxoguteca B20 cm apa Big ninsHn 3 oKyc- now Binctanmo + 10 em. [pyra ainsa 3 goxycHow Bigcranmio +12,5 cm posmiutena B 30 cm cnpaBa Bix nepwioi. 3naiiTH nono- *eHHA 306paxennsa i SOinbWeHHA, AKe Rae cucTeMa. 26.44. So6paxenin Biyjanenoro wxepena cBitaa 3a JoNO- Moroio JiH3H, pokycHa BixcTaHb akoi F, = 20 cm, npoextyeTEca Ha expan. Mix ain3010 i JoKepenom cBiTIa BMimlyl0TD Zpyry insy 3 @okycuor BigcranHio F, = 30 cm, npuyomy BixcTanb Mik Tin samn 1 = 10 em. Ha ckiabKu Tpe6a nepemicTnTH eKpaH, u406 Biz- HOBHTH 4iTKiCTh 300paxKeHHa? 26.45. Tlapaneabanii nyyox cBitia naqae.Ha aingy, notin na srayTe Agepkauo. ®oxycua BiACTaHb AgepKana Aopiemoe F = 24 cm. BigcTab Mik Jin30~0 i A3epKanom | = 32 cm. AKOIO mae 6ytu (okycHa BizcTaHb JiN3H, WOO cBITIO, BiAOnBUINCH BIA usepKana, 3i6panocb y Touli, Biqganeniii Bid psepkana Ha 6 cM? 26.46. Y tpyOxy BcraBuau ABi ABoonyKai nin3H TaK, Mo ixHi ronoBHi onTHYHI oci 36iraioTbcs. Biactanb Mix ninsamu] = 16cm. Tonosxua doxycua Bigctanb 1-i sins F, = 8 cm, 2-i— F, = - 5 cm. Mpeamer sappmukn h = 9 cm micrutbea na Bigcrani d= 40 cm Big nepmoi sins. Ha xiii pigerani Bia 2-7 ainan BuiwAe so6paxenns? Ska Horo Bucora h’? 12526.47. Jaxepeno caitna sHaxoqutsen Ha Bigctanl a= 35 cM Bid S6mpambHoi Tins 3 doKycHow BigcTanHio F, = 20 cm. To apyruit 6ik tin3n Ha Bigctani b = 38 cM posmiujeno poscitoBanL- ny win3y 3 oxycHoro BitcTantio F, = 12 cm. Je Gyre 306parKen- HA JpKepesta? 26.48. Ontuuna cuctema jae gilicHe s06paxenua npeymeta. Jle tpe6a noctasutu 36upanbuy sin3y 3 dokycHoio BiAcTaHHio F = 25 cm aa Toro, u06 306paxkennsa cTao yaBHUM i 36inbuIH- 0Cb y YOTHPH pasH? 26.49. O6’eKTHB jae y poKambHift naomuHi gificHe s06pa- wkenHa Conia. Un mMoxkna 3HaliTH Take NOMOKeHHA posciloBasL- Hoi Ain3H, np AKomy 300paxkenna Conus, samuuaioynce aiitc- uuM, Oyo 6 y TpH pa3n GinbuHM, Hix Ges MinsH? 26.50. YruyTuii Oik yrHyTo-onyKaoi ninsH nocpi6aeno. Cait- Ao Bil HeBeMKOFO WKepena Naae Ha ONYKAKH OiK TinsH i, Bin- 6uBatoynch Big nocpi6neHoro Wapy, ae soOpaxKeHHA Mkepema no Toi camui 6ik ainsu. Ha axiit Bigctani Big ninsn TpeGa pos- MicTHTH WKepemo AA Toro, uOG 306parKeHHA 36iranoca 8 caMuM mpkepesiom, KoH cpoKycHa Bigctanb insu F = 18 cm, a pagiyc yruytoi nopepx#i R = 40 cm? 26.51. JlKepeno cBitaa posMimeno Ha nogsifnih doxycuiit igetani Bit S6HpanbHoi TinsH Ha ii oci. 3a 1iH3010 NepneHAKKy- JAPUO NO ONTHYHO! oci cTaBIATb NAOcKe ZsepKamo. Ha aKiit Bin crani Bi. MiH3H TpeGa posMicTHTH A3epKatO AIA Toro, 106 MpoMe- ni, Bin6uti Big A3epKana, NpofmMoBUIH BApyre Kpisb Ainsy, cTanH napaserbHHMH, 26.52. Tpu ainsu 3 dokycuumn Binctanamn F, = +10 cm, F, = —20 cm i Fs = +9 cm posmimeni tak, mo ixi ontaui oci s6iraiotpea, a BigctaHi Mia HuMH BignoBi,HO ZOpiBHOIOTD a= 5 cmi 6 = 15cm. Ha nepury winsy nagae napanenbuuit ny- yoK cBitna. 3Haiitu TOUKY, B AKif my4oK s6iraeTbca nicaa npo- XOAMKCHHA CHCTeMH. 26.53. Llo6 BusHaunTH doxycuy BlactaHb F, poscitopanbHoi aiH3H, Ha ONTHYHIM naBi NoctiqZoBHO posMicTHNM NepneHANKy- aapHo 10 oci Macurrabuy ainiitKy, Ha Bigcrani a = 15 cm Big Hei — nosuTuBiy sin3y 3 PoKycHoto BigcTaHHio F, = 10 cm, notim qo- cnigokyBany HeraTuBHy Jik3y i sopoBy TpyOy, BCTaHOBJeHy Ha He- ckinyentictb. BuaBHsi0Ccb, IO KOH posciloBaNbHy MiH3sy posmic- TuTH Ha Bigctani / 10 cm Big NOsHTHBHO!, TO B OKyJIapi Tpy6u cnocrepirarumetbca uitke 306paxenna sinitikH, BusnayutH Fy. 26,54. O6’eKTHB cKnaqaeTBCA 3 BOX TOHKHX JiH3: 3OMpamb- Hoi 3 dokycHow BigctanHio F, = 20 cm i poscilopanbHol — 3 F, = —10 cm. Jlin3u posmineni na Bigctani J = 15 cm onna Bin omtoi. 3a noroMoroo 06’eKTHBa JicTaloTb Ha eKpaHi 306paxKeHHa Conus. Axy dokycuy BigcraHb F noBHHHa MaTH siH3a, wyo6 s06paxenia Conus, #Ke BOHa Jac, Gyo Takoi CaMoi BeEHYHHH? 12827, 317, ONTHYH! NPHAARK 27.1. Uomy Koporkosope oKo Moke po3spi3HATH ApiOHim Re- Tani, HiK OKO 3 HOPMaNbHHM 30poM? t 27.2. SIK sMiHHTbCA ONTHYHA CHa KPHITaMHKa Oka, KOH nepesecTH norasy is s0pi Ha KHWKKY (KHWKKa 3HaXoQNTbEA ua BigcTaHi Halikpalmoro sopy)? 27.3. XnonywkK 3HsB OKyvIapu i YHTae KHWKKy, TpiMaIouy na Binctani 7 = 16 cm Big ouel. Ako! onTHYHOI cHaH fidro okyai pH? 27.4, Cropinky Tekcry, HazpykoBaHoro upi6num wpudrom, niakaageno nik TOBCTY CKIAHY MaCTHHKY, HOKa3HHK 3an0M- lens Koi n = 1,5. Aka MaKCHMaJibHa TOBILHHa MlacTHHKH, up akiit KopoTko3opa moguHa 6e3 okyIApiB HawKpaue OaynTb TeKCT, KOJH BOHAa KOpHcTyeTbca okyapamn D = —5 anrp? Bxasiexa: KyTH NakinHs Ta sanoMNeHHA NpoMeHiB, AKi nOna- NaOTb B OKO, Mawi, TOMY BiHOWeHHA CHHYCIB WHX KyTIB MOmKHa 2aMiHHTH BiQHOWeHHAM TaHreHciB. 27.5. Koporkosopa sioquHa Ges oKyaspiB posranyae npen- MeT, AKHM 3HAXOUTbCA Ha Jenkilt BincTaHi niz NoBepxHeio BoORM. BuaBusocb, WO KOH OKO 64u3bKO Bi BOL, TO MaKCHMasbHe SaHypeHHA NpelMeTa, NpH AKOMY JiOAHHa We OaunTume fiero »pidui gerani, / = 30 cm. IIpviimaiouw nokasHuK 3aromaenna Bogu n = 1,3, BH8HaYTH, AKi OKyAApH cia HOCHTH Ni MoRHHi. 27.6. Jlanexosope oko akoMomye, He Hanpyxkyiouncb, Ha nigcrani, He Menwiit Big d, = 50 cm. Kolo Mae OyTH ontTH4Ha cHdla OKyAApiB, 1106 MexKa aKOMOJauii 3MenWHAach 20 d = 20cm, KOM BBAKATH OKO i OKYAAPH OTH3bKO posMimeHHMH ToHKUMA aingamu? 27.7. Jioquna 3 HOPMaIbHHM 30pOM AHBHTbCA Kpi3b OkyApH 3 onTH4KoIO cuioio D = +5 zntp. Mix akHMH JBoMa M@xaMn mae GyTH 06’ekT, u106 foro MoxkHa Oyo BUpasHO GaunTH? 27.8. Un moxHa cotorpadyBath yapHe 306paxenns? 27.9. 3euualinum coroanapaToM MOKHa SHiMaTH Npe_MeTu ue 6nmxue Hix Ha / = 50 cm Big O6’exTHBa. 3 aKOi BigeTani MO#KHA SHiMAaTH THM CaMHM (poToanapaToM, KOH Ha O6’eKTHB Hanitn HacalKoBy JiH3y 3 onTHYHOIO cHnoW D = +2 anrp? 27.10. Jlianoswtue Mae posMipn a X b = 8 X 8 cm®. Busna- YHTH ONTHYNY Chay TOHKO! 36npambHO! TiN, AKa MorKe NPaBuTH 3a 06’€KTHB npoeKuifiHoro anapatd, KonM 306paxKeHHA Riano- 3HTHBa Ha €Kpani MOBHHHO MaTH posMipuc X d = 1,2 X 1,2 m*. Biactanb Biz, 06’€KTHBa 10 eKpaHa / = 4. 27.11, Tpe6a BurorosutH dororpadiynym cnoco6om Kany, noxiseny Ha JecaTi vacTku MistimetTpa. MoxycHa BiACTaHb 06’eK- tuBa Fog = 13,5 cm. Ha saxiit Bigcrani Big 06’ekTuBa TpeGa no- MicTHTH wKady, W106 ii sMenmHTH Bk = 10 pasa? 2727.12, Tlotpi6no chotorpabysart Kossanapa, aud mpobirae nepex anapatom i3 uiBHzKictio v = 10 w/c) BusnaynTH Makcu- MambHO NOMYCTAMy EKCMO3HILiIO 3a YMOBH, WO PposMHTicTE 3 paxkeHHA He NOBHHHA MepeBHiyBatH 0,2 mm: Tonosta cboxycia BiqctaHb o6'extupa F = 10 cm i ‘BigctaHb Big KOBSaHApa LO anapata d= 5 m. Y moment pororpaysanna: ontHuta Bich — o6’ektuBa anapata nepnenauKysapta fo TpaeKtopii pyxy KoBsa- Hapa. 27.13. Axi npeqmera MookHa posrnegitu. Ha dotorpapii, spod- nenilt is cynytHuka no6m3sy Semai, KWo posginbHa 3qaTHicTh rutipkn 0,01 mM? AKum Mae 6yTH 4ac excnosuUii t, 41a Toro 105 noBHictio BuKOpHcTaTH MoxksHBOcTI naisKH? MoKycHa BiqcTaH o6’exTuBa dotroKamepu F = 10 cm. i 27.14, 3a gonomoroo dororpaiyioro anapata 9 x 12 ci? norpi6ito 3HaTA GyqMHOK saBnoBxKKH | = 50M. Ha axiit Bis- ctami Bid OyAHHKy CMiq BCTaHOBHTH amapar,' ul06 Bech thacaq OyauHKy BMiCTHBCA Ha miacTHHYi, KONH romoBHa poKycHa Bis- ctatb 06’ekTapa F = 12 cm? 5 27.15. SHaitrn copmyny s6inbueHHA ayn asia” BitagKy, Kom cnoctepirad BcTaHoBmce Jyny Tak, mo06: a) GayuTH 306- paxeHHn.Ha Bigctani Halikpamoro 3opy; 6) agatirysaTH oKO Ka neckinuennicrs. 27.16. Un mMomHa gictarH Ha ekpani 306paKeHHa, ae Aaé mikpockon (teneckon)? Io aaa uboro Tpeba spo6uTH? 27.17, 36inbweHHA Mikpockona & = 600. BusuaquTa ontH4- HY cHny 06’@KTHBa, AKIO doKycHa BidcTatb oKyApa Fox = == 4 cM, a JopyKuHa Ty6yca | = 24 cm. 27.18. @oxycha sBigctaHb o6’ekTHBa MikpocKona Fog = 5 cm, a BiqcTaHb Mix 06’eKTHBOM j oKyapom MikpocKona a= 16 cm. 36inbwenna mikpockona k = 200. 3xaitu 36is- WeHHA OKyApa. 27.19. @okycHa BigqctaHb O6’eKTHBa MiKpockona Fog = = 1,25 mm, okyaapa — Fox = 10 mm. Bigctanb Mix 06’eK- TaBom i okyapom / = 16 cm. le Tpe6a nomicTuTu 06'’eKT, m0 posrasqaeteca, i ake 36imbUIeHHA MikpocKona AA cnocTepira- 4a, BicTaH HaiKpaujoro 30py akoro L = 25 cm?“ 27.20. Temeckon, 06’ekTHB akoro Mae giametp D = 8 cm, Ha- Belt Ha Biqdaneny cBiTHy ToUky. 3 oKyAApa TeTeCKONa BUXOLUTS tapanembHuli my4ok npomMeHiB, AKH# MOKHA BHABHTH, BMicTHB- ult mepex OKy/IAPOM MaTOBe CKO 4H MpocTo apKyul manepy, y Baraagi Kpyraoi cBitnoi naan. Jliametp niei naamnd = 4mm. [ifaax mpomenis y Teneckoni He oOmexenHa ‘HiakuMu giacpar- Mama (Kpim BxiqHoro OTBOpy 06’eKTHBa). Ake 36inbUIeHHA TeNe- kona? 27.21. Moxycua BigcTaHb 06’eKTHBa 30poBoi Tpy6u Fos = = 100 cm, oxytapa Fox = 8 cm. [Tig AKHM KyTOM BugHO giameTp 128