Presented by

Zarrin Tasnim
Student ID: 21268004
 WHAT IS FORCED DISPLACEMENT?
Forced displacement occurs when individuals and communities have
been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of
habitual residence as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of events
or situations such as armed conflict, generalized violence, human rights
abuses, natural or man-made disasters, and/or development projects.

CAUSES BEHIND FORCED

DISPLACEMENT
DROUGHT HUNGER

EARTHQUAKES FLOODING

ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES WAR & CONFLICT

CONFLICT INDUCED FORCED MIGRATION
People who are forced to flee their homes for one or more of the
following reasons and where the state authorities are unable or
unwilling to protect them: armed conflict including civil war;
generalized violence; and persecution on the grounds of
nationality, race, religion, political or social group

Conflict, violence and disasters triggered 38 million

internal displacements across 141 countries and
territories in 2021, the second highest annual figure in a
decade after 2020's record-breaking year for disaster
displacement. Conflict and violence triggered 14.4 million
movements, an increase of almost 50 per cent on the year
before.
The global refugee population under UNHCR's mandate
increased by 25 per cent (+5.3 million) in 2022 compared
to the previous year, reaching 26.7 million.
CONFLICT INDUCED FORCED MIGRATION
WHAT MAJOR DRIVERS (FACTORS) ARE
CAUSING PEOPLE TO BE INTERNALLY
DISPLACED IN ETHIOPIA?
 ETHIOPIA’S TIGRAY WAR

ABIY AHMED ALI DEBRETSION GEBREMICHAEL

Prime Minister of Ethiopia
Current president of the Tigray Region
and chairman of
Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF).
 ETHIOPIA’S TIGRAY WAR

PERIOD: November 3, 2020 – November 3, 2022

COURSE OF THE WAR

• Initial fighting (3–28 November 2020)
• Tigrayan guerrilla warfare (November 2020 – June 2021)
• Tigrayan counter-offensive (June – November 2021)
• TDF-OLA joint offensive (October – December 2021)
• Government-allied counter-offensive (November 2021 – March 2022)
• Ceasefire period (March – August 2022)
• Resurgence of fighting (August – November 2022)
• Second ceasefire (November 2022 – present)
•
 REFUGEES OF TIGRAY
An estimated 9 million people across
Ethiopia’s Tigray, Afar and Amhara
regions need food aid. Nearly 40% of
people in the Tigray region are
suffering from an extreme lack of food.

Six million people reside in Tigray,

but more than two million have
left their homes
There have been 230 massacres
and at least 10,000 recorded
deaths.
 WHERE ARE ETHIOPIAN
REFUGEES FLEEING TO?
62,166 refugees registered
41,181 refugees relocated
from Hamdayet and Abdrafi
and Village 8 to Um Raquba
(20,572 people) and
Tunaydbah (20,609 people)
refugee camps

Sudan had accepted close to 60,000 migrants and asylum seekers.

CONSEQUENCE OF DISPLACEMENT
Physical Violence

Health
Economic
Consequences

Loss of Consequences Lack of access of

independence for displaced basic needs
persons

Psychological Well Lack of access to

being education

Malnutrition
THE MAJOR CHALLENGES
REFUGEES FACE?

• Lack of access to basic services

• Humanitarian aid deliveries
• Impeded access to water supply
• Gender-based violence
• Extreme food shortages
• Women and children lack access to adequate
healthcare, social welfare, and judicial services
CONFLICT COMPOUNDED BY
COVID-19 AND CLIMATE CHANGE
PUSHES MILLIONS IN TIGRAY
TO THE BRINK

2022 has entered the

record books with parts of
the country experiencing
the most severe example
of drought to date.
 CONCLUSION

The WHO highlighted the enormous scale of medical and health

assistance that people in Tigray need
The United Nations still cannot get unfettered access to bring
humanitarian aid into Ethiopia’s Tigray, one month after the
ceasefire
THANK YOU