Exercise 3.

2, Module 3 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

Problem 1

 fn = 0.15 Hz , 𝑢(0) = 0.5 m, 𝑢̇ (0) = 0.2 m/s

 δuncr= 0.04 and δcr =0.1
 (uo)uncr and (up)cr = ?

2 ̇( ) ( )
Solution: 𝑢 = [𝑢(0)] + ; ωn=2πfn = 2π*0.15= 0.943 rad/s ;

𝛿 = 2𝜋𝜁 ⇒ 𝜁 =

(a) (uo)uncr =?
.
𝜁 = = = 0.0064 ⇒ 𝜔 = 𝜔 1 − 𝜁 = 0.943√1 − 0.0064 = 0.9428

2 0.2 + 0.0064 ∗ 0.9428 ∗ 0.5

𝑢 = [0.5] + = 0.544 𝑚
0.943
(b) (uo)cr =?
.
𝜁 = = = 0.016 ⇒ 𝜔 = 𝜔 1 − 𝜁 = 0.943√1 − 0.016 = 0.9429

2 0.2 + 0.016 ∗ 0.9429 ∗ 0.5

𝑢 = [0.5] + = 0.546 𝑚
0.943

Problem 2

 m= 0.1 lb.s2/in, , u1=1 in, j=20 cycles, uj+1=0.2 in.

 time taken to complete 20 cycles= 3 s
 k and c=?

Solution:

(a) c=? 𝑗= 𝑙𝑛 ⇒ 20 = 𝑙𝑛 ⇒ 𝜁 = 0.0128

.

Time required to complete 20 cycles of damped vibration = 3 s

⇒ Time required to complete 1 cycle of damped vibration, TD = 3/20 s

⇒ ωD = 2π /TD = 2π /(3/20) ⇒ ωD= 41.9 rad/s

Exercise 3.2, Module 3 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

⇒ ωD= ωn 1 − 𝜁 ⇒ 𝜔 =𝜔 / 1−𝜁 = 41.9/√1 − 0.0128

𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑘 𝑘
⇒ 𝜔 = 41.905 𝑜𝑟 𝑚= s2 = 41.905 rad/s
𝑠 0.1 lb.
in

⇒ 𝑘 = 175.6 lb/in

𝑐
𝜁= 𝑜𝑟 𝑐 = 𝜁𝑐 = 𝜁 ∗ 2√𝑘𝑚 = 0.0128 ∗ 2 ∗ (175.6 lb/in) ∗ (0.1 lb. s /in)
𝑐

⇒ 𝑐 = 0.107 lb. s/in

Problem 3

 m= 1.25 kg, , k=2 kN/m= 2000 N/m

 fD= 0.5 N, v = 50 mm/s= 0.05 m/s ⇒ c = fD/v = 0.5 N/0.05 m/s= 10 N.s/m
 (a) TD=?
 (b) u1= 20 mm, j=5 cycles, uj+1= ?
 (c) u0.5 s=?

Solution:

(a) TD=? 𝑇 = = ………..𝟏

𝑘 (2000 N/m)
𝜔 = 𝑚= 1.25 kg = 40 rad/s

𝑐 𝑐 10 N. s/m
𝜁= = = = 0.1
𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 N
2 2000 ∗ 1.25 kg
m

2𝜋 2𝜋
𝐸𝑞𝑛 1 ⇒ 𝑇 = = = 0.158 s
𝜔 1−𝜁 40√1 − 0.1

(b) uj+1= ?

𝑗= 𝑙𝑛 ⇒5= 𝑙𝑛 ⇒ 𝑙𝑛 = 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑢 = 20/𝑒 = 0.84 mm

∗ .
Exercise 3.2, Module 3 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

̇( ) ( )
(c) u0.5 s=? 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑢(0)𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔 𝑡) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔 𝑡) ……….𝟐

𝑢(0) = 20 mm, 𝜔 = 𝜔 1 − 𝜁 = 40 1 − 0.1 = 39.8 rad/s

( . ∗ ∗ . )
0 + 20 ∗ 0.1 ∗ 40
𝑬𝒒𝒏 𝟐 ⇒ 𝑢(0.5 𝑠) = 𝑒 20𝐶𝑜𝑠(39.8 ∗ 0.5) + 𝑆𝑖𝑛(39.8 ∗ 0.5)
39.8

⇒ 𝑢(0.5 𝑠) = 𝑒 [20𝐶𝑜𝑠(19.9) + 2.01𝑆𝑖𝑛(19.9) ] = 0.135 ∗ (18.81 + 0.684) = 2.63 mm

Problem 4

 m= 2000 kg, , k=80 N/mm= 80,000 N/m, v = 10 m/s

 c= 20 N-s/mm= 20,000 N-s/m
 uo=? and Time taken to reach max displacement=?

Solution:

2 ̇( ) ( )
(a) uo=? 𝑢 = [𝑢(0)] + ……….𝟏

m 𝑐 𝑐 20000 N. s/m
𝑢̇ (0) = 10 ;𝜁= = = = 0.79
s 𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 N
2 80000 ∗ 2000kg
m

N
80000
𝜔 = 𝑘 m
𝑚= 2000 kg = 6.32 rad/s

𝜔 = 𝜔 1 − 𝜁 = 6.32 1 − 0.79 = 3.88 rad/s

2 𝑢̇ (0) + 𝜁𝜔 𝑢(0) 10 + 0.79 ∗ 6.32 ∗ 0)

Eqn 1 ⇒ 𝑢 = [𝑢(0)] + = 0+ = 2.58 m
𝜔 3.88

(c) Time taken to reach max displacement=?

max displacement occur after 1/4th cycle or t= TD/4= 2.58/4= 0.645 s
Exercise 3.2, Module 3 (Introduction to Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, CE 412)

Problem 5

 dbeam=1.6µm= 1.6*10-6 m , Lbeam=50µm= 50*10-6 m

 dcable =0.2 µm=0.2*10-6 m, Lcable =120 µm=120*10-6 m kbeam
-6 -6
 m= 50 µg= 0.050*10 kg, u(0)= 2 µm=2*10 m
 c=1.2*10-6 N/.s/m, E = 73 * 109 N/m2
kcable
 ωn and ζ= ?

Solution:

N
𝐸𝐼 73 ∗ 10 ∗ π 64 (1.6 ∗ 10 m) N
𝑘 = 48 = 48 m = 9.02
𝐿 (50 ∗ 10 m) m

N
𝐸𝐴 73 ∗ 10 ∗ π 4 (0.2 ∗ 10 m) N
𝑘 = = m = 19.12
𝐿 120 ∗ 10 m m

1 1 1 1 1 N
= + = + ⇒ 𝑘 = 6.13
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 9.02 19.12 m

𝑘 (6.13 𝑁/𝑚)
𝜔 = 𝑚 ⇒𝜔 = = 11072 rad/s
0.05 ∗ 10 𝑘𝑔

s
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 1.2 ∗ 10 N.
𝜁= 𝑜𝑟 𝜁 = = = m = 0.0011
𝑐 𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 𝑁
2 ∗ 6.13 ∗ 0.05 ∗ 10 𝑘𝑔
𝑚