TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE, INC.

Mycoology and Virology

RUBELLA
VIRUS
Bsmls 3c- Jean C. Catalan

RNA- ENVELOPED VIRUS

 LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS

1 2 3
Characteristics and Important Transmission and Epidemiology Pathogenesis and Immunity
Properties

4 5 6
Clinical findings Laboratory diagnosis Treatment and
Prevention
 POINT 1
CHARACTERISTIC Rubella is a spherical, positive-sense,

AND IMPORTANT single-stranded RNA virus of the family

Togaviridae genus Rubivirus
PROPERTIES
POINT 2
Rubella is a respiratory virus and does not
cause readily detectable cytopathologic

spherical 40- to 80-nm, positive-sense, single-stranded effects.

RNA virus consisting of an electron-dense 30- to 35-nm

core surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope
POINT 3
Rubella is one of the five classic childhood
exanthems, along with measles, roseola, fifth
disease, and chickenpox.
In 1941, an astute Australian ophthalmologist,
Norman McAlister Gregg, recognized that
maternal rubella infection was the cause of
congenital cataracts.
 TRANSMISSION
RUBILLA VIRUS

IT IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH PERSON-TO-PERSON

1 CONTACT OR DROPLETS SHED FROM THE
RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS OF INFECTED PEOPLE

TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO FETUS ALSO CAN

2
OCCUR, WITH THE HIGHEST RISK FOR CONGENITAL
RUBELLA SYNDROME (CRS) IF INFECTION OCCURS IN
THE FIRST TRIMESTER.
 EPIDEMIOLOGY

1 Approximately 20% of women of childbearing Congenital rubella occurred in as many as 1%

3
age escape infection during childhood and of all the children born in cities such as
are susceptible to infection unless vaccinated. Philadelphia during this epidemic.

The immunization program has succeeded in

eliminating endemic rubella virus infection in
The severity of the 1964-1965 epidemic the United States.
2
in the United States is shown in Table 52-3
EPIDEMIOLOGY
 PATHOGENESIS
PATHOGENESIS
AND IMMUNITY
Rubella virus is not cytolytic, but the replication of rubella
is prevented (in a process known as heterologous interference)
the replication of superinfecting picornaviruses. This property
allowed the first isolations of the rubella virus in 1962.

Rubella infects the upper respiratory tract and then spreads to

local lymph nodes, which coincides with a period of
lymphadenopathy
The infected person can shed the virus in respiratory droplets
during the prodromal period and for as long as 2 weeks after
the onset of the rash.
 IMMUNITY

PATHOGENESIS
Antibody is generated after the
viremia, and its appearance

AND IMMUNITY correlates with the appearance of

the rash. The antibody limits
viremic spread, but cell-mediated
immunity plays an important role
in resolving the infection.

Immune complexes most likely

cause the rash and arthralgia
associated with rubella infection.
 CLINICAL FINDINGS

IN CHILDREN AVERAGE
rubella is usually mild, with few
noticeable symptoms
INCUBATION PERIOD
low-grade fever fourteen days (14)
headache
mild pink eye (redness or swelling
of the white of the eye)
general discomfort
swollen and enlarged lymph nodes
cough
runny nose
 CLINICAL FINDINGS

ADOLESCENTS
AND ADULTS EARLY PREGNANCY

mild illness, with low-grade fever, lead to miscarriage, fetal death,

sore throat, and a rash that starts or an infant born with CRS
on the face and spreads to the
rest of the body
 LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS
RUBELLA VIRUS LAB
DIAGNOSIS

The presence of the virus can be

detected by RT-PCR detection of
viral RNA.
The diagnosis is usually confirmed
by the presence of antirubella-
specific IgM.
 POINT 1
Counsel patients to isolate

POINT 2
TREATMENT Encourage household contacts to get
tested and vaccinated

POINT 3
bed rest and medicines for fever, such as
acetaminophen
 POINT 1
The best means of preventing rubella is
vaccination with the live cold-adapted
RA27/3 vaccine strain of the virus

POINT 2
PREVENTION The live rubella vaccine is usually
administered with the measles and mumps
vaccines (MMR vaccine) after 12 months of
age.

POINT 3
The triple vaccine is included routinely in
well-baby care.
 TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE, INC.
Mycoology and Virology

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Bsmls 3c- Jean C. Catalan

RNA- ENVELOPED VIRUS