HP LP BYPASS

SYSTEM
 HP & LP Bypass System
Purpose
 Primarily meant to enable Boiler operation independent of
the turbine
 Opening o HPBP & LPBP Valves ensures minimum steam
flow through superheater & reheater tubes during start-
ups, low load operation & sudden unloading of unit
 Utilized or building up of steam parameters quickly before
starting of the turbine online
 Avoiding the boiler trip on Reheat protection
 No steam flow through Boiler steam tubes will lead to
starvation & thereby overheating and lead to premature
failure of tubes
HP & LP Bypass System
 HP & LP Bypass System
 Provides the alternative path for boiler operation
 HP Bypass dumps steam into CRH inlet of reheater
 LP Bypass bypasses IPT & LPT and dumps steam
into condenser
 The capacity of HPLP bypass is 60% of full load
turbine steam flow
 Reduces chances of opening o Boiler safety valves
at raised steam pressures
 Reheat Protection
Stage-I
 turbine trip & steam pressure >175 ksc or

 Load rejection >30% to resultant load

<10% within 5 sec

If this condition exists Rapid open interlock will open HP BP
within 2-3 sec & if fails boiler will trip on HP BP fail to open
after a delay. There is no direct trip of boiler due to LP
bypass fail to open interlock.
Reheat Protection
Stage-II
RH protection (delay=10 sec) will act if

 TURBINE HP V/V & HPBP CLOSED [ either turbine HP

stop v/v or HP CV in both HP line closed ] & [ both
HP BP <2%] OR
 TURBINE IP V/V & LP BP closed [ Either IP stop v/v
or IP CV v/v in both IP line closed ] & [ Either LP BP
stop v/v or LP BP C/V in both LP line is closed] OR
 Generator ckt bkr open & [both HP BP closed OR
both LP BP closed
 HP Bypass System
Benefits
 Boiler start-up without starving superheater & reheater
tubes, till the opening of turbine steam control valves
 Raising the steam parameters (press& temp) quickly, to a
level acceptable for the starting of the turbine at an
optimum rate
 Continued Boiler operation while tripping of turbine
provided boiler load <60%
 Avoiding Reheat protection
 Conservation of DM water, during start-up or Shut down
(by dumping steam into condenser instead of atmosphere)
 Maintain sufficient steam pressure in the CRH line for
auxiliary steam supply purpose during low load condition
HP Bypass System
 HP Bypass System
HP Bypass consists of:
 Bypass Valves BP1 & BP2

 Spray water pressure controller BD valve

 Spray water temp. controller BPE1, BPE2 valves

 2 nos Hydraulic Oil Supply units

MS press. ahead of HPT is maintained by proper

adjustment of BP valves
Steam temp in CRH line controlled by BPE valves
 Oil Supply Unit
 OSU provides Energy for operation of steam valves
 Consists of Filters, Axial piston pump, Relief valve,
NRV, Oil Accumulator, Press reducing valve, Ball
Cocks
 Axial Pump maintains Contant oil press. in the
accumulator by automatic operation
 Gas filled bladder to retain oil press in accumulator
or fairly long duration
 A safety valve protects the system from excessive
pressure
HP BP Hydraulic System
Oil Supply Unit Interlocks
 Pump Auto off Oil Press high >160ksc
 Pump Auto on Oil Press Low <120ksc
 Pump Auto off Oil Temp high >70 DegC
 Pump Auto off Oil Level low <18 Lit
 Alarm Oil Press too high >170ksc
 Alarm Oil Press too Low <90ksc
 Pressure Control
Stg-1 Mode of operation (Press. Set Point
formation

Stg-2 Mode of Operation

Initial Pressure Mode
Importance to the load
Fixed Pressure Mode
Importance to the Health of
turbine.
Temperature Control
 HP BP Protection
BP Valve Priority Close Conditions
 Condenser Vacuum Low (<-0.6 ksc)

 Bypass Downstream Temp very high (>380 degC)

 Loss of Oil Pressure in Safety System Accumulator

<100 ksc (stage-1)
Under these conditions
 Steam Press Controller Switches to Manual from
Auto
 spray water valve will close
 This protection will override the Fast opening signal
& open push button operation
HP BP Protection
HP Bypass Fast Opening Conditions
 Generator Circuit Breaker Opening & Boiler on &
no priority close
 Turbine Trip & Boiler on & no priority close
 Turbine Load Shedding Relay Operation
 HP BP Pressure Controller Deviation > 8 ksc
 Pressing the Fast Opening Button
HP BP Protection
BP Valve Auto Blocking Conditions
 Bypass valve priority close command

 BP position transmitter failed

 OSU-1 & 2 Oil Pressure <90 ksc

 Main steam Pressure transmitter failed

 HP BP Interlocks
BPE Valve Conditions
 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2<2 % Auto

Close Command to ensure positive shut off

 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2<2 % Spray
Water Pressure Control Valve (BD Valve) close
 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2>2 % Spray
Water System (BPE1, BPE2, BD Valve) will
switch over to Auto
HP BP Interlocks
BPE Valve Auto Blocking Conditions
 Bypass Downstream Temp very high (>380 degC)
 BP auto command blocking
 BPE valve position transmitter failed
 BPE Temp transmitter deviation high
Therefore, it is necessary to make proper set
values for Spray Water Header Pressure & HP
BP downstream temperature before operating
the Steam Bypass Valves
HP LP Bypass
 LP Bypass
Functions of LP Bypass System are:
 Maintaining minimum Steam Flow through Re-heater

 Maintaining desired Steam Pressure in the Re-heater

 Providing an alternative path for dumping the steam (not

accepted by the IP & LP Turbines) into the condenser
LP BP System comprises of :
 Steam Pressure Control Loop

 Valve Position Control Loop

 Automatic Control Interface (ACI)

 Condenser Temperature Protection

 Tracking Unit
LP Bypass
LP Bypass
LP Bypass
LP Bypass
LP Bypass
LP Bypass Control Logic
Sliding Set Point
LP BYPASS SETPOINTS
Automatic Control Interface
LP Bypass EHC
LP Bypass EHC
 LP Bypass Protections
Close LP Bypass under following conditions:
 Condenser Vacuum Low (<-0.6 ksc)

 Spray Water Pressure Low (<8 ksc)

 Condenser Wall Temperature High ( > 90 DegC)

 LPBP Down Steam Pressure High (>19 ksc)

Spray Water valve open command at Steam

pressure before bypass valve >6.8 ksc
LP Bypass Protections
LP Bypass Protections
LP BP Hydraulic System
Thank You