Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Northern Samar
ELADIO T. BALITE MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF FISHERIES
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Bobon, Northern Samar

LEARNING ACTIVITY GUIDE (LAG)

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT/ GRADE-11
2nd Quarter (1st Sem)

IMPORTANT REMINDERS: 1. Please use this LAG with care. Do not put
unnecessary mark/s on any part of this LAG.
2. Use pieces of YELLOW RULED PAPER as your ANSWER SHEETS; and
write your NAME, GRADE, SECTION, SUBJECT & Week No. on every page of
your answer sheets.
3. Be sure to answer ONLY all the questions in the ACTIVITY, ANALYSIS &
APPLICATION parts of this LAG because these parts are graded.
(Tiyaking iyong masagot ang lahat ng mga tanong lang sa ACTIVITY, ANALYSIS at
APPLICATION na mga bahagi ng LAG na ito dahil ang mga bahaging ito ay
minamarkahan.)
Date: Quarter 2, Wk7 – Wk8

Most Essential Learning Competency:

● Use principles of effective speech writing focusing on: (EN11/12OC-IIcj – 25)

- Audience Profile (EN11/12OC-IIab – 25.1)

- Logical Organization (EN11/12OC-IIab – 25.2)
- Duration (EN11/12OC-IIab – 25.3)
- Word Choice (EN11/12OC-IIab – 25.4) &
- Grammatical Correctness (EN11/12OC-IIab – 25.5)

Specific objectives: The learner will be able to:

1. identify the principles of effective speech writing;
2. plan or prepare a speech by using the principles of effective speech writing
focusing on the ff.:
- Audience Profile
- Logical Organization
- Duration
- Word Choice &
- Grammatical Correctness; and,
3. appreciate the importance of planning or preparing a speech by using the
principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical
organization, duration, word choice and grammatical correctness.

Background Information for Learners:

In the previous lesson discussed in Quarter 2 – Wk5 to Wk6 Learning Activity

Guide (Q2-Wk5 to Wk6 LAG), you were able to gain good insights from it. You
enjoyed using appropriate approach in a given communication situation. Am I
right?
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 Well, this time, you can continue exploring Oral Communication in Context
through connecting your previous knowledge with the lesson in this Quarter 2 –
Wk7 to Wk8 Learning Activity Guide (Q2-Wk7 to Wk8 LAG) which is here to help
you identify the principles of effective speech writing and use them focusing on:
- Audience Profile
- Logical Organization
- Duration
- Word Choice &
- Grammatical Correctness.
Furthermore, in this Q2–Wk7 to Wk8 LAG, you will surely enjoy planning or
preparing a speech by using the principles of effective speech writing. Enjoy and
have fun learning! 

I. Activity: Give a Preview or Plan Ahead:

Direction: Study the following scenario:

You were assigned by your principal to be your school’s events planner.

Now, your task is to organize a welcome program for a foreign visitor.

Remember this: You only have to note the steps you will take to organize the said
program. You don’t have to come up with an actual program.

II. Analysis: Answer the following questions:

1. What concept did the activity introduce to you?
2. How did you plan for the program?
3. What difficulties did you encounter while planning?

III. Abstraction:
A. Let’s unlock some difficulties:
● Speech writing – is a way of sharing your thoughts with an audience through words.
● Audience Analysis – entails looking into the profile of your target audience.
● Speech Organization – is effectively taking the information one wishes to present
and arranging it in a logical order.
● Duration – is defined as the length of time that something lasts.
● Word Choice – In speech writing, strong word choice uses vocabulary and language
to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making a speech more powerful
and vivid.
●Grammatical Correctness – is acceptable as a correct sentence or clause as
determined by the rules and conventions of the grammar, or morphosyntax of the language.
It helps a writer communicate more effectively and precisely.

B. Let’s discuss:
The Principles of Speech Writing

Just like events planning, or any other activities, preparing or writing an

effective speech also follows certain steps or processes. The process for writing is
not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That means, you have the
opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts
first before you can settle on the right one.

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 Well, what goes into preparing a speech? What are the things to be done before
a speech is delivered?

First Principle of Speech Writing: CHOOSING THE TOPIC

A speech is meant to impart a message to listeners. The choice of the topic

may be up to the speaker but, more often than not, the speaker is given the topic
because it is the central theme of a program, conference, or presentation. In any
case, the topic should be timely, meaning in existence at the present time (unless a
historical event is the reason for the gathering). The topic should be interesting to
you (the speaker), of course, so that you will be enthusiastic in preparing and
delivering the speech later.

At the same time, it should be just as interesting to your audience so that they
will focus on your speech and nothing else. If there is a conflict between what you
want to say and what your listeners want to hear, then it is the audience who wins.
A topic that is new, that has not been heard of before by your listeners, is an
attention grabber. So if a topic is controversial as it encourages the audience to
listen carefully so they can choose a side.

It must be pointed out that when choosing a topic, the speaker must ever be
mindful of the culture of the speaker and listener, their ages, their gender as well
as their social status and religious affiliation. It is a good advice for the speaker to
choose a topic that is at the level of knowledge of both the speaker and the
audience.

Second Principle of Speech Writing: ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE

Before writing down anything about the speech, one must engage in analyzing
the audience. A speech for one occasion cannot simply be used for another. There
is no speech that fits any and all occasions. Each speech has a different purpose
and a different manner of delivery. So, given the hundreds of thousands of speech
topics multiplied by the types of purpose and types of delivery, each speech, even if
delivered by one person, is unique. Every speech is specific to the speaker and may
be characterized by the topic chosen, the time and place of delivery, and the
configuration of the audience listening to this particular speech.

The audience is one of the major factors that determine the uniqueness of the
speech. Just as there is no speech that fits all public communication situation,
there is no single audience for a speech. How do you analyze the audience if you
do not know who the audience will be? An audience analysis entails looking into
the profile of your target audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit your speech
content and delivery to your audience. The profile includes the following
information:

> demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and

affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or
corporate designations)
> situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
> psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies,
and needs)

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A sample checklist is presented below.

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
Age Range
Male-Female Ratio
Educational Background
Educational Institution
Place of Residence (city, province, town)
Marital Status
Economic Status (Household income
above 30k or below 30k)
Language spoken
Religious Affiliations/beliefs

First, if possible, get or guess the demographic data of the audience, especially
if one is addressing a business group, a student club, or a community organization.
These data may influence the way you will write the speech – what points to
choose, what to leave out, the words to use, and even what tone of voice will work
on them.

Second, it is important to know the groups to which your audience belongs as

these groups hold certain beliefs and values. You may then be able to ascertain
how your listeners feel about certain issues without having to talk to each and
every listener or do a survey among them.

Third, it is just as important to find out how your audience feels about the topic
of your speech and what they already know about it (so that you do not repeat it
and bore the audience).

Finally, you should try to know how they feel about you as the speaker and
what they already know about you. The speaker may be able to gauge this from the
organizers of the event and the people who extended the evaluation.

Third Principle of Speech Writing: SOURCING THE INFORMATION

This involves seeking out all the available means for finding materials to
support the speech. Good sources are newspapers, magazines, books, journals, or
any reading materials full of useful information. Search engines on the Internet
such as Google or Yahoo may also be used. However, the best resource are people,
especially the experts or those who are involved in the field to which the topic
belongs. A speech on “How to Take Care of Your Heart” may be built on reading
materials, but a cardiologist (heart doctor) may give more accurate data while
someone who has suffered a heart attack can provide real life experiences that a
speaker may use to reach out and touch the audience.

Information for any speech topic must be relevant, that is, it discusses the topic
directly; must be timely, meaning it focuses on the present or recent past; and
must cover most, if not all, of the topic (unless the topic focuses only on a part of a
general subject or issue). Information gathered must be at the level of knowledge of
both the speaker and the audience, without offending any listener.

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Fourth Principle of Speech Writing: OUTLINING and ORGANIZING the SPEECH
CONTENT

An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas.

Experts in public speaking state that once your outline is ready, two-thirds of your
speech writing is finished. A good outline helps you see that all the ideas are in line
with your main idea or message. The elements of an outline include
introduction, body, and conclusion. Write your outline based on how you want
your ideas to develop. Below are some of the suggested formats.

1. Table format

Purpose To persuade
Specific Purpose To persuade the community members to reduce, reuse, and
recycle as means of eliminating garbage and protecting the
environment
Topic Promoting the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling
in eliminating
wastes and protecting the environment
Writing Pattern Problem-solution
Introduction Share facts on the current situation of the environment.
State the message of the speech (specific topic).
Body Discuss how improper waste disposal becomes an
environmental problem.
Explain how reducing, reusing, and recycling would eliminate
wastes and protect the environment.
Conclusion State the specific purpose of your speech again.
Call for action.

2. List format

1.0 As of today, there is an alarming increase of wastes in our community.

1.1 According to Solid Waste Management Office, if we do not take immediate
action, we might face more perils caused by natural calamities.
1.2 Now, I am going to talk about how to eliminate wastes and protect the
environment.
2.0 Improper waste disposal causes environmental problems.
2.1 Wastes contaminate the soil.
2.2 Wastes contaminate the water.
2.3 Wastes can cause floods.
3.0 There are ways to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
3.1 Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help eliminate wastes.
3.2 People should start doing these at home.
4.0 We must act now.
4.1 This solution should be supported by the local government.
4.2 Let us learn from the lessons in natural calamities we have experienced.

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 In general, writing patterns refer to the structures that will help you organize
the ideas related to your topic. Examples are biographical, categorical/topical,
causal, chronological, comparison/contrast, and problem-solution.

Writing Patterns Descriptions Examples

Specific To inform my audience about my
Presents descriptions Purpose grandfather, the late former
Biographical of your life or of a President Ramon Magsaysay
person, famous or not Specific Describing the life and works of my
Topic grandfather, the late former
President Ramon Magsaysay
Specific To persuade the community
Purpose members to reduce, reuse, and
Presents related recycle as means of eliminating
Categorical/ Topical categories supporting garbage and protecting the
the topic environment
Specific Why the community members should
Topic promote reducing, reusing, and
recycling
Specific To inform my audience on the effects
Causal Presents cause-effect Purpose of overeating
relationships Specific Explaining the possible effects of
Topic overeating to one’s health
Specific To inform my audience about the
Purpose significant events in the 1986 EDSA
Chronological Presents the idea in Revolution or People Power
time order Specific Describing the significant events
Topic before, during, and after the 1986
EDSA Revolution or People Power
Specific To persuade the audience that living
Presents comparison/ Purpose in the Philippines is better than living
Comparison/Contrast contrast of two or in Australia
three points Specific Explaining why the Philippines is
Topic more habitable than Australia
Specific To persuade the audience to support
Purpose the educational programs of the
Presents an identified national government
Problem-solution problem, its causes, Specific Explaining the reasons for supporting
and recommended Topic the government’s educational
solutions programs seen as the primary means
of increasing the literacy rate in the
Philippines

The body of the speech provides explanations, examples, or any details that
can help you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech. One
major consideration in developing the body of your speech is the focus or central
idea. The body of your speech should only have one central idea.

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 The following are some strategies to highlight your main idea:
> Present real-life or practical examples;
> Show statistics;
> Present comparisons; and,
> Share ideas from the experts or practitioners.

The introduction is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is
to get the attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your
speech. Your first few words should do so.

The following are some strategies:

> Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject;
> Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject;
> Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means;
> Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject; and,
> Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.

The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides
a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action. While the primary goal
of the introduction is to get the attention of your audience, the conclusion aims
to leave the audience with a memorable statement.

The following are some strategies:

> Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message;
> Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or
stories familiar to your audience; and,
> Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or
ponder.

C. Let’s remember the following points:

● Preparing or writing an effective speech also follows a process.
● Audience analysis is a key factor in writing an effective speech.
● Word choice is one consideration in writing a speech.
● A speech has a structure; it is composed of an introduction, a body, and a
conclusion.
● Speech writing is a recursive process.
D. Let’s sum-up:
A speech for public communication begins with a purpose: what the speaker
intends to happen when he/she imparts a message to the listener. Given the
purpose, the speaker gets to know the audience, the group of listeners that will
either accept or reject the message. Given the purpose and the audience, the
speaker then organizes the information found from various sources. These
materials are to support the message so that it may inform, persuade, or
entertain the audience. Outlining the speech comes next, the backbone of the
body of the speech. Some types of speech are fully written out based on the
outline and then memorized. However, for an extemporaneous speech, it is only
this outline that will be memorized. The outline is the body of an extemporaneous
speech. Of course, like any speech, it begins with an introduction and ends with a
conclusion.
---o0o---
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 Did you learn so much from our discussion? Great! Now, let us proceed to the Application
part of this LAG to check your understanding of our lesson or your readiness to apply what
you have learned about our lesson. Let us start.

IV. Application: Write a two-minute speech (around 250 – 300 words). Be sure
to follow certain steps or the principles of speech writing. Consider the
suggested topics and the rubrics below.

Suggested Topics (Choose only one topic.):

1. Social Media: Bane or Boon?

2. Pros and Cons of Modular Learning in ETBMSF
3. The Best Lesson I Have Learned During Pandemic Time
4. How to Tackle a Bad Study Habit
5. How to Be a Responsible Citizen During CoViD-19 Pandemic

Congratulations for having made it this far! Happy Learning! (-:

#KeepDREAMING…KeepSTRIVING!

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References

Flores, Ramona S. 2016. Oral Communication in Context. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Sipacio, Philippe John F., and Anne Richie G, Balgos. 2016. Oral Communication in Context for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Prepared by: Recommending Approval:

LINA L. MERINO, EdD MYLA P. ADIATON, PhD

SHS Master Teacher-I Head Teacher-III

Approved:

MARIFE B. BULAWAN
School Principal – IV

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