CHN RLE PRELIMS - PROBLEM

*assess by way of research

Community Organizing
Participatory Action Research
Participatory Action ● Is an investigation on problems and
Research (COPAR) issues of the community by way of
research
Process by which health services, agencies,
● Representatives of community
and people of the community brought
together to: participates in the actual research
● Identify/learn their own problem - Local Researcher
● Plan activities - Outside Researcher = Community
● Act on this basis Health Nurse - act as a researcher
● Evaluate themselves, doing research of their
Community Organize Emphasize own problem.
● Strengthening the community ● The essential element of
members capability in: Participatory Action Research is
- Problem solving skills participation.
- Decision Making Skills (necessary
for self reliant development) Participatory Action Research Objectives
Roles and Responsibilities of a ➔ To encourage consciousness of the
Community Health Nurse suffering
Manager ➔ To empower people to determine the
Guide cause of their own problem
Coordinator, Counselor, Change Agent ➔ To analyze these problem
Nurse Trainer ➔ To develop competence for changing
Researcher their own situation
Organizer ➔ To act by themselves in responding
Leader to their own problems
Educator- Primary role, Primary
responsibilities > promotion of health and Ideal participatory research process
prevention of illness. involves the community in all research
Supervisor aspect
Community Organizer 1. Identification of research problem
● Person who mobilize: 2. Formulation of research design
- INDIVIDUAL 3. Data gathering
- FAMILY. Sick or Well 4. Validation of research
- COMMUNITY 5. Data presentation
To come together in unity and collectively 6. Recommendations
address given: 7. Action of activities
- ISSUES
- NEEDS
 - Preliminary Social Investigation
(PSI)
- Identify contact person
- Gather “overview” of the
COPAR Phase/Process
demographic characteristics, health
PRE ENTRY PHASE
services and facilities of the
➢ At the NGO level community
- Formulation of institutional goals, ● Networking with LGU’s, NGO’s and
objectives and targets for the other departments
program
- Revision of curriculum ENTRY PHASE
- Training of faculty if CO-PAR
- Coordinate participation of other
departments within the institution
➢ At the community level
- Community consultations/ dialogues
- Setting of issues related to site
selection
- Development of criteria for site
selection
Criteria in selecting community site must be:
Depressed and underserved
Oppressed
Poor
Exploited
Struggling
● Area must not have a serious peace
and order problem
● Willingness to be organized
● Community needing health ● Core Group formation (CG) - consist
of identified potential leaders
assistance
● Characteristics of a potential leaders
● Check vital health statistics > can
1. Respected community members
determine general health status 2. Responsible/committed
● Malnutrition rate 3. Willing to work for a desired change
● Lack of health facility / health care 4. Has good communication skills
5. Has wide “influence” to elite/ poor
provider
community members
● Counter-part of the community
● Self-awareness and leadership
(support, commitment, resources) training (SALT)
● Accessible to transport ● Coordination with other community
communication organization
● Representing different sectors of the
- site selection
community

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS/ STUDY PHASE
(research phase)
● Selection of the research team
● Training on data collection
● Planning for the actual gathering of
data
● Data gathering
● Training on data validation
● Community validation
● Presentation of the community study/
diagnosis and recommendations
● Prioritization of community needs/
problems for action
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING / CAPABILITY
BUILDING PHASE
● Community meetings to draw-up
guidelines for the organization
● Election of officer
● Development of management
systems: delineation of the roles,
function, and task of officers
● Training of leaders
● Team building exercises > to
enhance cohesiveness
● Action-Reflection-Action-Session
COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE
● Organization and training of BHW’s
> Village or Grassroot Workers
● Evaluation (Project management)
● Resource mobilization
● 5 M’s:
MANPOWER
MACHINE
MATERIAL
METHOD
MONEY
SPACE
● Setting up of linkages/ network/
referral system
SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING
PHASE
● Formulation and ratification of
constitution and by-laws
● Identification and development of
“secondary” leaders
● Setting up a financing scheme
● Continuing education and training of
BHW’s
● Development of long term
community health development
plans
● Formalizing linkages, networks, and
referral system
TURNOVER / PHASE OUT
● Transfer of community organizer
roles and responsibilities and
documents
● Subsequent follow-up
CO-PAR main goal is to ATTAIN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
● BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE
- Basic needs are met
- Equal rights
- Self-reliance
- Active participation
Guidelines in filling up the
Survey forms & in
tabulating the Data
1. Interviewee should also be included
in the list of family members
2. Members are only applicable to
those who are at present residing
with the family, and this will include
relatives and helpers.
3. Marital Status
• a. Single (S)- a person who is not and has
never been married
• b. Married (M)- a person living with
another as a couple
married by legal rite/s.
• c. Common-law (CL)- a person living
with another as a
couple not married by legal rite/s.
• d. Widowed (W)- a person whose spouse
is dead and who has
not remarried
• e. Separated/ Divorced (Sep)- a person
legally separated from his/her spouse
because of marital discord or similar
reason/s. a person whose bond of marriage
has been dissolved and can therefore
re-marry.
4. Age distribution- Erickson’s Stages
of Development
• a. Birth to 18 months- infancy
• b. 18 months to 3 years- early childhood
• c. 3-5 years- late childhood
• d. 6-12 years (11 years and 11 months)-
school age
• e. 12-18 ( 17 years and 11 months)-school
age
• f. 18-35 years ( 34 years and 11 months)-
young adulthood
DOH:
• 10-24 years- young
person
• 25-59- adults
• 60 & up- older person
5. Types of work
• a. Full-time work- Employment that is
based upon a contract of employment
for a standard hours engagement
( generally between 35- 40 hours
per week)
• b. Part-time work- Work performed by
any employee who is engaged for a no. of
hours, fixed or varied, but are fewer than
those specified as standard hours in the
relevant award.
• c. Casual work- A casual worker is
someone hired by an employer on an hourly
or daily basis. Casual workers should be
employed to perform work of a short-term,
irregular or seasonal nature, either working
full time or part time hours.
• d. Temporary/contract work- Temporary
employees are often employed for a specific
time period to complete a particular project
or to replace employees absent on leave.
• e. Self employment
• f. Classification can also be:
- Farmer
- Housekeeper
- DH
- Employee
- etc…
6. Highest Educational Attainment-
Refers only to the highest level
completed in the regular and formal
system of education, i.e. elementary,
high school and collegiate education.
Excluded are attendance in nursery
and kindergarten schools and in
purely vocational courses such as
dressmaking or carpentry. Enter only
the last level of education completed
and the one the person is in at the
time of assessment.
• a. For the Elementary level, write G-1 to
G-6 (Grade I-VI)
• b. For High school, HS-1 to HS-4 and
• c. For College education, C-1 to C-4, as
the case maybe. For degree holders, write
the degree, e.g. BSE or BSN
7. Religion
• a. Islam
• b. Christians
• 1. Christian denominations
• 1.1 Catholics
• 1.2 Protestants
- Baptist
- etc
8. Immunization Status
• a. Fully immunized child (FIC)- a child
who received one dose of BCG;
• 3 doses of OPV; 3 doses of DPT; 3
doses of HB and one dose of measles before
a child’s first birthday
• b. Complete- a child who received all
required vaccine based on his/her age
• c. Incomplete- a child who has an
incomplete required vaccine based on his/
her age.
• d. none
9. Nutritional status
•a. Normal
•b. Underweight
•c. Overweight
10. Construction materials used for
house
•a. Light- refers to such materials as
bamboo, nipa, sawali, coconut leaves or
cardboard.
• b. Mixed- refers to a combination of light
materials, wood and/or concrete.
• c. Strong- refers to a
predominantly concrete house
11. Number of rooms used for sleeping
This refers to the number of rooms in the
house, not necessarily private bedrooms that
are used as sleeping areas. Write the number
12. Toilet facilities
• a. Overhung latrine- the toilet house is
constructed over a body of water (Stream,
lake or river) into which excreta is allowed
to fall freely
• b. Open pit privy- consists of a pit
covered by a platform with a hole. The hole
is not usually not covered. The platform
may, in its simplest form, consist only of
two pieces of wood or bamboo.
• c. Closed pit privy- a pit privy in which
the hole over the platform or toilet floor is
provided with cover
• d. Bored- hole latrine- consists of a deep
(usually more than 10 feet) but relatively
narrow (Lee than 2 feet in diameter) hole
made with a boring equipment
• e. Water-sealed latrine- non- antipolo type
of toilet, bored-hole latrine or any pit privy
wherein water- sealed toilet bowl is placed
instead of the simple platform hole
• f. Flush type- a toilet system where waste
is disposed by flushing water through pipes
(sewers) into a public sewerage system or
into an individual disposal system like an
individual septic tank.
• g. Pail system- a pail or box is used to
receive the excreta and disposed later when
filled, this includes the “balot” system
wherein excreta is wrapped in a piece of
paper or plastic and thrown later.
• h. Antipolo type- the toilet is elevated
and the shallow pit is extended upwards to
the platform (toilet floor) by means of a
chute or pipe made of clay, metal, aluminum
or board
13. Storage of water
Large- contains 4 gallons or more
14. Drainage
• a. Open- wastewater flows through a
system of pipes (could be improvised from
bamboo) to an open pit or canal
•b. Blind –wastewater flows through a
system of closed pipes to an underground pit
or covered canal.
•c. None- water flows freely from source to
the ground or thrown to the ground after
being used
15. Waste Disposal
•A. hog feeding- garbage is used as a hog
fee
•B. open dumping- refuse and or garbage is
piled in a dumping place (w/or w/o pit)
with no covering
•C. Open burning- regularly piles
refuse/garbage piled in a dumping place [w/
or w/o pit) with no soil covering then burns
them
•D. Burial pit- refuse/garbage is placed in a
pit and covered when filled up. There is no
intention to dig it up later for use as fertilizer
•E. composting- involves burying or
stacking of alternating layers of
organic-based refuse/garbage and “treated
coil” arranged so as to hasten rapid decay
and decomposition into compost. This
organic mixture can later be used as
fertilizer.
•F. garbage collection-refuse/garbage
collected by garbage truck or any type of
garbage collection in the community.
Reminders!!!
Survey forms
● Submit with the list of households
surveyed in alphabetical order
● Arrange the forms per purok/ sitio
● Number the forms based on its
number in the spot map
● Summarize the data using the guide
below:
No. Head of Partner No. of
the children
Family
● SPOT MAP/ COMMUNITY
HEALTH DATA SHEET (whole
purok and per block)
● Individual households, locations, and
other distances from each other
 ● Physical characteristics of the ● •Each task has a corresponding bar
community such as: that shows the time span required for
- Waterways (river, etc..) the task
- Land use (rice fields, etc.) ● •Developed by Henry Laurence
- Public service infrastructure Gannt, an American mechanical
(bridges, etc) engineer
- Non-residential structures (churches)
- Boundaries of the purok Example of gantt chart and community
- All types of water sources health plan is at the next page
● The community health datasheet is
like a spot map. It gives you an idea
about the health status of families
and guides community managers in
planning projects needed by the
community.
● The health indicators are provided on
the datasheet. The color coding
stands for health status or condition
of each household.
● The household datasheet. Individual
presentation of every household
presented as data matrices that
contain information.
- health programs
● The health datasheet keeps an eye on
at least seven(7) public health
programs in the households of a
community. This programs are the
health indicators:
-Immunization
-Prenatal
-Family planning
-Nutrition
-Water
-Garbage disposal
-toilet
● Community health plan and GANNT
chart
GANTT chart
● •Visual representation of a project
schedule
● •A type of bar chart that shows the
start and finish dates of the different
required elements of the project
● •Typically, tasks are shown on the
vertical axis, and the project time
span on the horizontal axis
 ● Example of GANTT chart:
ACTIVITIES Target date Needed resources Responsible
persons

September October

22 23 24 16 17

Courtesy call

Conduct of Survey forms, pens, Community

survey weighing scale leaders,
Students

Community Health Plan Example:

Identified Proposed Activities of students

Problem solution
(community & Intervention Persons involved Evaluation
students) Parameters

Improper garbage •Information •Conduct of •Community •95% of the

disposal Drive on proper seminar on leaders community will
waste waste participate in the
•95% of the segregation management •Students
population do
not segregate •Provision of •Government
their waste garbage cans agencies

•Dumping of •Establishment
garbage is the of business
primary mode of about recyclable
waste disposal materials