Policy Analysis On Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-Og Santo Tomas Davao Del Norte

POLICY ANALYSIS ON SOLO PARENTING IN BARANGAY
TIBAL-OG, SANTO TOMAS, DAVAO DEL NORTE
MARRY JANE A. MACABABAYAO

RYAN B. PANES
JUNE 2023
i
Policy Analysis on Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-og, Santo

Tomas, Davao del Norte

RYAN B. PANES
Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree Bachelor of Public Administration
Santo Tomas College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology

Feeder Road 4, Brgy. Tibal-og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
June 2023
ii
SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena de Amor St., Feeder Road 4, Brgy. Tibal-og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Certification
This is to certify that this research contained no material which

has been accepted for the award of any higher degree, in any tertiary
institution. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge and belief, this
research contained no materials that were previously published or
written by any other person, except when due references were made in
the text.
RYAN B. PANES
iii
SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena de Amor St., Feeder Road 4, Brgy. Tibal-og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Approval Sheet
This research paper entitled “Policy Analysis on Solo Parenting in

Barangay Tibal-og”, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree:
Bachelor of Public Administration
in Santo Tomas College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Santo

Tomas Davao del Norte, has been examined and approved by the
Research Committee.
MARIA MAY A. DOÑA

Adviser
DANIEL G. HILARIO, DPA

Panel Chairman
CHARITO M. ESCUZAR, MPA HANNAH R. MARIANO, MBA

Panel Member Panel Member
MA. THERESA O. TUQUIB, MBA

Focal, Vice President for Research and Development
DIOBEIN C. FLORES, EdD, DPA

College President
iv
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to everyone who
has always been there for us, especially the individuals who have
contributed to the success of this study.
First and foremost, we are immensely grateful to our All-Powerful
God, who has unfailingly guided us through the difficulties and mistakes
we encountered. He consistently provided us with the knowledge and
fortitude necessary to overcome the challenges of this study.
We would also like to extend our appreciation to Ma’am Maria May
A. Doña, our research adviser, for providing us with the guidance and
direction needed to carry out this study. We are grateful to the Panel of
Examiners: Ma’am Charito M. Escuzar, Ma’am Hannah R. Mariano, and
Dr. Daniel G. Hilario, for their valuable insights, expertise, and
constructive comments, which greatly enhanced and advanced our
study.
Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to the BPA
Program, under the leadership of Dr. Daniel Hilario, for equipping us with
the necessary skills and knowledge to actively participate in this
important endeavor. We also appreciate his words of encouragement that
motivated us to pursue and complete our studies.
We take great pride in our contribution to this achievement, made
possible through our educational organization, STCAST, led by Dr.
Diobein C. Flores, our college president, who has consistently shown
support and active involvement.

Lastly, we want to extend our deepest appreciation to our dear
family, especially our parents, who have been our greatest source of
inspiration since the beginning of this study. Their unwavering support,
both physically and morally, as well as their financial assistance, played
a crucial role in helping us achieve our goals.

v
Dedication
This piece of paper is sincerely dedicated to:
Our Parents
Mr. Wilfredo Macababayao
Mrs Lolita A. Macababayao
Mr. Roel C. Panes
Mrs. Jocelyn B. Panes
Siblings
Wenelyn A. Macababayao
Winslou A. Macababayao
Wilfredo A. Macababayao Jr.
Wilmar A. Macababayao
Jessie A. Macababayao
Jannie A. Macababayao
Winston A. Macababayao
Lanch A. Macababayao.
Jayarr B. Panes
Jine B. Panes
Kiera Ysaballe L. Sasaling
Teachers
Maria May A. Doña
Charito M. Escuzar, MPA
Hannah R. Mariano, MBA
Daniel G. Hilario, DPA
Diobein C. Flores, EdD, DPA
Our Almighty God

for His guidance and protection.
You are our inspiration

in our daily endeavours.
vi
Table of Contents
Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgment iv
Dedication v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction 1
Problem Definition 3
Scoping Process 3
Policy of the State 3
Statement of the Problem 4
Background of the Problem 4
Goals and Objective 6
Stakeholder Group 7
Significance of the Study 8
Delimitation of the Study 9
Definition of Terms 9
II METHODOLOGY
Policy Analysis Design 11
Policy Evaluation Criteria 11
Policy Alternative 13
III PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
Stakeholders' Decision on Evaluation Criteria 15
Policy Alternative Decision 20
IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary 23
Conclusion 24
Recommendations 24
REFERENCES 25
APPENDICES 27
A. Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study 27
B. Informed Consent/Assent 29
C. Validation Forms 31
D. Municipal Ordinance 36
E. Ethics Certificate 40
F. Grammarian Certificate 41
vii
List of Tables
Table Pages
1 Viability Rank 13
2 Tepa Matrix 1 15
3 Tepa Matrix 2 16
4 Tepa Matrix 3 18
5 Tepa Matrix 4 19
6 Decision Matrix 5 20
7 Policy Alternative Decision Matrix 6 21
viii
Abstract
The policy analysis focused on Municipal Ordinance Series No. 019 of 2020
titled "Policy Analysis on Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-og." The study
aimed to identify important informants in Barangay Tibal-og, Santo Tomas,
Davao del Norte. The researcher selected thirteen individuals to rank the
proposed policy alternatives. The researcher sought to overcome the key
challenges involved and provide a solution. Furthermore, the researcher used
a survey method to collect data from key informants, using established
criteria and policy alternatives. Moreover, the researchers would like to
present the best policy alternative to the general public, as well as provide
guidance and recommendations for specific measures to improve
enforcement. Based on the survey results, policy alternative 2 received the
highest ranking and was supported by stakeholders who believed it to be the
most preferred solution for addressing the concerns of solo parents at the
municipal and barangay levels. The aim is to strengthen the implementation
of policy alternatives.
Keywords: Solo Parents, Municipal Ordinance, Alternative

1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Solo parents belong to the marginalized sectors of our society. They
are rarely seen and heard by the public. Regardless of gender and age,
opportunities for them are limited, and there is a lower chance of
employment. In addition to the prejudice they face in society, the
emotional strain of being both a mother and a father burdens their
mental health and self-esteem. The vital role of solo parents lies in the
growth and development of their children, and the financial aspect has a
significant impact (Garcia et al., 2022). According to the American
Psychological Association (2019), solo parents manage the household
and bear the responsibility of supporting their child's development.
Consequently, solo parents face numerous challenges in maintaining a
happy family despite the absence of the other parent.
Previous studies have primarily focused on the national and
international levels, often overlooking certain issues due to the large
scale of people involved. Other literature tends to concentrate on female
solo parents, marginalizing male solo parents. However, this research
focuses on the local level, delving into the roots of our society. At this
level, we aim to understand whether they feel the government's efforts to
support solo parents. There is no discrimination based on age and
gender; instead, we seek to observe their lives and hear their stories. In
response to these issues, a law was passed in 2000 to assist single
STUDENT RESEARCH (MP-MD)

SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES, AND TECHNOLOGY
2
parents in overcoming difficulties. However, Carina Javier, president of
the Solo Parent Support Group at the Department of Social Welfare and
Development Central Office (DSWD-CO9), claims that both national and
local governments have not fully implemented the Solo Parent's Welfare
Act of 2000, also known as Republic Act 8972 (Macairan, 2012).
On August 17, 2020, the Local Government Unit of Santo Tomas
passed Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019, which localized the
application of Republic Act 8972. This municipal ordinance included
additional benefits and privileges for single parents, such as an extension
of a comprehensive social development package that encompasses (1)
training in livelihood skills, (2) employment support, and (3) educational
assistance. This study aims to examine the implementation of this
Municipal Ordinance at the local level, particularly in Barangay Tibal-og,
Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte.
Lastly, there is a pressing need for this study to comprehend the
unique circumstances and challenges faced by single parents who live
alone. As a result, this study is relevant to the majority of the community.
By informing stakeholders in the learning community, especially single
parents, about their issues and experiences, we can express support and
promote cooperation. Single parenthood has an impact on children, and
the increased risks of economic hardship, inadequate parental control
and supervision, and lack of support systems often result in behavioral
issues and concerns among single parents (Jackson et al., 2020).

3
Problem Definition
Scoping Process
This study employs policy analysis to identify the specific topics
or issues that require attention within its scope. The survey will be
conducted in Barangay Tibal-og, with the collaboration of the following
key informants: the Barangay Captain, Barangay Secretary, Barangay
Treasurer, three male solo parents, and seven female solo parents from
the Barangay. These individuals will play a vital role in evaluating and
ranking the provided policy alternatives. Furthermore, criteria and
alternatives have been developed for this purpose.
Policy of the State
According to Article 220 of the Family Code, single parents are
bestowed with the same responsibilities as parents in general. They are
required to maintain proximity to their children, offer support,
education, and guidance through positive examples and moral teachings,
and provide for their upbringing with their available resources.
In line with this, Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019 was
enacted. This ordinance establishes a solo parent assistance desk and
adopts or localizes the implementation of Republic Act No. 8972,
commonly referred to as the "Solo Parents" welfare act of 2000. The
ordinance aims to provide expanded benefits to solo parents and their
children, allocating appropriate funds for this purpose. Its objectives
encompass various provisions and serve additional purposes related to
the welfare of solo parents and their families.

4
Statement of the Problem
Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019 has been enacted to adopt
and/or localize the implementation of R.A. No. 8972, also known as the
"Solo Parents" Welfare Act of 2000. This ordinance aims to provide
expanded benefits to solo parents and their children specifically within
the local context of Barangay Tibal-og. In our locality, many solo parents
are grappling with financial difficulties. One significant contributing
factor to these financial issues is the lack of employment opportunities
for these parents. The government must take action and seek solutions
to alleviate the burdens that solo parents face in their daily lives.
Issues that need to be addressed have been identified as follows:
1. Despite the implementation of Municipal Ordinance 2020-
019, there is a lack of stringent enforcement for solo parents
in Barangay Tibal-og to fully benefit from the ordinance as
intended. The effectiveness of the implementation needs to be
improved.
2. The current implementation of the ordinance falls short of
effectively addressing the issue of providing financial
assistance to solo parents in Barangay Tibal-og. There is a
need to enhance the implementation process to ensure that
the intended financial support reaches the solo parents in a
meaningful and impactful manner.

5
Background of the Problem
The number of solo-parent families in the Philippines has
significantly increased as society develops and changes over time. A solo
parent is defined as someone who raises a child or children without the
assistance of a partner (Cook, 2021). According to the 2000 survey by
the National Census and Statistics Office, there were at least three
million single parents in the Philippines. However, a recent research
funded by the WHO and conducted by the Department of Health and the
University of the Philippines-National Institutes of Health estimated that
there are currently 14 to 15 million single parents in the Philippines, with
95% of them being women. This data highlights a maximum increase of
500% in the number of single parents in the country. This is particularly
concerning, considering that children raised by single mothers are more
likely to face negative outcomes compared to those in two-parent
households (Smith, 2017). Single parenting not only brings
developmental challenges and economic hardships, but it also has
psychological effects. Compared to children from two-parent households,
children of single parents are more prone to various psychiatric
conditions, alcohol abuse, and suicide attempts (Brennan, 2021).
Parenting is challenging even in ideal circumstances, and the
difficulties are amplified when there is only one parent present. Single
parents may experience feelings of isolation, grief, hurt, sadness,
rejection, remorse, insecurity, and despair (Reece, 2013). Being a single
parent leaves no room for error. If an appointment is missed, a job is lost,
a payment is not made, illness strikes, or a parent is too harsh with a

6
child, there is no one else to pick up the slack (Miller, 2020). Single
parents carry multiple responsibilities, including providing for the
physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of their children. When
a single parent is unable to fulfill these obligations, the child's
psychological health and ability to cope may deteriorate (Alngag, 2022).
Governments at both the national and municipal levels have a
significant responsibility to address the needs and challenges faced by
single parents (Delmonte et al., 2014). According to Lopez and San Juan
(2019), for single parent to fulfill their responsibilities, they require a
steady income or source of financial support. However, job opportunities
alone do not guarantee a person's survival. Eligibility for government
assistance must be based on the preferences and readiness of single
parents to participate in livelihood initiatives that promote sustainability.
The profiling of single parents is necessary to understand their
characteristics, identify suitable employment opportunities, and
determine their specific needs. The impact of solo parenting on a child's
development can be both positive and negative. With proper care and
support from society, single parents can successfully raise children who
are happy, successful, and well-adjusted, despite the potential
challenges of single parenting.
Goals and Objective
The study aimed to provide an alternative policy course of action
to deal with the issue of the municipal ordinance in Barangay Tibal-og
and is intended to:

7
1. To provide policy alternatives for the effective implementation of
the above-mentioned policy.
2. To give financial support to solo parents.
Stakeholder and Groups
In assessing the effectiveness of a public policy, the level of support
provided by interest groups can serve as an indicator. By conducting a
stakeholders' analysis, the following stakeholders have been identified:
Barangay Captain, the barangay captain holds responsibilities
related to administration, financial stability, development provisioning,
barangay legislation, workforce leadership, and maintaining peace and
order. They act as a link between the community and higher-level
government authorities.
Mayor, the mayor is responsible for maintaining public order in
the barangay, convening and presiding over meetings of the sangguniang
barangay and the barangay assembly, and enforcing local laws and
regulations applicable to the barangay.
Barangay Officials, these officials have fiscal responsibilities that
involve executing functions, projects, contracts, and operations to
provide essential services and facilities to the barangay. They negotiate,
enter into, and sign contracts on behalf of the barangay after receiving
approval from the Sangguniang Barangay (SB).
Residents of Barangay Tibal-og, the residents of Barangay Tibal-og
are selected respondents for this study. They are direct beneficiaries of

8
the policy on localizing solo parenting in Barangay Tibal-og. Additionally,
they contribute to the municipality as taxpayers and occupants of the
area.
Solo Parents, solo parents are directly impacted by this policy as
they are the intended beneficiaries. This study aims to identify any
discrepancies in the policy and highlight the difficulties experienced by
solo parents in the locality.
By considering the perspectives and involvement of these
stakeholders, the study can gain insights into the effectiveness of the
policy and address any challenges or issues faced by solo parents in the
community.
Significance of the study
The purpose of this study is to shed light on the challenges faced
by single parents in meeting their basic needs. By conducting policy
analysis, it aims to highlight the unique circumstances of solo parents,
address their most urgent needs, and raise awareness about single
parenting among the local community and the local government,
specifically in Barangay Tibal-og.
It is recommended that Barangay Tibal-og adopt or localize
Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019 to provide support for single parents.
This ordinance is based on the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 (also
known as Public Law 8972) and offers various benefits to solo parents

9
and their children. This research will assist the barangay in formulating
policies that are relevant to this cause.
Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is being conducted for
all the solo parents in Barangay Tibal-og, is to gain a comprehensive
understanding of the challenges and experiences faced by single parents,
particularly those who encounter difficulties in their daily lives.
Delimitation of the Study
This study will be conducted in Barangay Tibal-og, Municipality of
Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. It will specifically examine the
implementation of solo parenting policies at the barangay level and
propose alternative policies to assist solo parents. The main focus of the
study is to assess the effectiveness of the law and its implementation
within the barangay.
The chosen stakeholders for this study include the Barangay
Captain, Barangay Secretary, Barangay Treasurer, three male solo
parents, and seven female solo parents. The study aims to evaluate the
outcomes of the municipal ordinance's adoption of solo parenting at the
barangay level, with a focus on the stakeholders' perspectives and
experiences.
Definition of Terms
To ensure a clear understanding of the terms used in the study,
the following are the conceptual and operational definitions provided:
Solo Parenting: Solo parenting refers to the situation where an
individual is solely responsible for raising and providing for their
dependent child or children due to various circumstances such as being

10
widowed, divorced, or unmarried. In line with the definition provided by
RA 8972, solo parenting specifically refers to a woman who gives birth as
a result of rape and other crimes against chastity, even without a final
conviction of the offender, provided that the mother keeps and raises the
child.

11
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Policy Analysis Design
The rational decision-making model outlines a series of steps that
decision-makers can follow to maximize the quality of their outcomes. By
going through these formal steps, decision-makers aim to make the best
possible choice (Kraft and Furlong, 2020). The policy-process cycle
involves several processes in policy analysis.
Additionally, in this study, the criteria and options were defined
based on the results of the survey. The value of the criteria was
determined using techniques such as rank ordering and weighting. The
Prince System was utilized to gather and analyze information about the
political situation in Barangay Tibal-og. This approach provides decision-
makers with a systematic framework and checklist to conduct the
necessary analysis to assess the consequences of their choices. A
decision matrix was employed to present and prioritize a list of
assessment criteria against which each alternative was evaluated.
Policy Evaluation Criteria
In this study, the author identifies and specifies the following
criteria for evaluating the alternative policies:
Technical Criteria measure the effectiveness of how well a
proposed policy will achieve the objectives stated in the problem
statement. The feasibility of the alternative in ensuring the overall well-
being of the community will be assessed. It also considers the active
involvement of stakeholders at all levels of the decision-making process.

12
Economic Criteria. Most policy analyses incorporate at least one
economic criterion. This criterion takes into account factors such as the
economy, expected public sector revenue, government expenditures, and
other relevant economic factors. The most common economic criterion is
cost, including marginal cost, which refers to the additional cost of
producing one more unit of output.
Political Criteria. The political viability of a proposed policy
alternative assesses the extent to which it will be accepted by relevant
influential groups, decision-makers, legislators, administrators, citizens,
communities, unions, or other relevant stakeholders. Other criteria for
determining political viability include appropriateness, legality,
responsiveness, and the significance of the target audience or the general
public.
Administrative Criteria. The administrative criteria assess the
efficiency with which the alternative policy can be implemented and
monitored. This includes establishing guidelines for implementation and
monitoring the policy. It also considers the efforts made to enhance
diversity, access, and equity. The management, supervision, and
enforcement of policies and procedures are analyzed in terms of their
effectiveness.
Furthermore, the key informants rated the following policy choices
based on their feasibility during the survey. The table provided below
explains the subsequent ratings.

13
Viability Rank
Rank Description
1 Priority
2 Less Priority
3 Not Priority
Policy Alternatives
Considering the significance of solo parenting in liberal democratic
local administration, the administration must establish a new sector
representation system to address the urgent challenges mentioned
above. The government has several policy choices available to tackle
these issues, including the following alternatives:
Alternative 1: Strengthening Municipal Ordinance
This alternative involves enhancing the existing municipal
ordinance (2020-019) by focusing on and supporting solo parents. The
municipality would provide training programs and opportunities for
employment locally, thereby reducing the need for solo parents to seek
employment abroad. This option aims to enable solo parents to dedicate
more time to raising their children. This alternative represents the Status
Quo Option (SQ) of the Municipal Ordinance 2020-019.
Alternative 2: Creating a Solo Parent Ordinance at the Barangay
Level
Barangay Tibal-og should pass or establish a barangay ordinance
aligned with Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019, Section 6. This would
offer additional benefits and privileges to solo parents. Specifically, solo
parents would receive monetary assistance of ₱2,000.00 every three
months to support their needs.

14
Alternative 3: Assigning a Barangay Health Worker (BHW)
Under this alternative, a barangay health worker would be
designated as the focal person responsible for the strict implementation
of Municipal Ordinance No. 2020-019 at the barangay level. The BHW
would enforce the municipal ordinance, allocate monetary assistance to
solo parents every three months (when budget permits), and monitor the
progress and development of the ordinance's implementation. Failure to
fulfill the assigned responsibilities by the BHW would result in penalties,
such as a fine of ₱1,000.00, depending on the severity of the lapses.
These alternatives present potential policy choices to address the
challenges faced by solo parents, and each option offers a different
approach to providing support and assistance at the municipal or
barangay level.

15
CHAPTER III
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
Stakeholders' Decision on Evaluation Criteria
Technical criteria effectiveness measures how well a proposed
policy will achieve the objectives outlined in the problem statement. The
feasibility of the alternative that guarantees the general welfare of the
community will be determined, and it assesses the effective engagement
of participants at all levels of the decision-making process.
Matrix 1: Stakeholders' Perspective
Technical
Stakeholders
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
A 2 1 3
B 2 1 3
C 1 2 3
D 3 2 1
E 1 3 2
F 2 3 1
G 2 1 3
H 1 2 3
I 1 2 3
J 2 1 3
K 2 3 1
L 1 2 3
M 1 2 3
Total 21 25 32
Mean 1.62 1.92 2.46
Rank 1 2 3
Based on the survey, the researchers would be able to present,
examine, and evaluate the information they have gathered to assist in
determining the respondents' preferred dimension and alternative.
When considering the technical dimension of the policy, Option 1
received the highest first rank, while Option 3 received the lowest rank,

16
according to Matrix 1. The proposed policy's efficiency and effectiveness
are taken into account when factoring in the technical criteria. The
effectiveness of the alternative ensures that the general welfare of the
community will be determined, and it assesses the effective engagement
of participants at all levels of decision-making.
Economic
Stakeholders Option
Option 2 Option 3
1
A 1 2 3
B 1 2 3
C 2 1 3
D 3 1 2
E 3 1 2
F 1 3 2
G 1 2 3
H 1 2 3
I 1 2 3
J 2 3 1
K 3 1 2
L 1 2 3
M 1 3 2
Total 21 25 32
Mean 1.62 1.92 2.46
Rank 1 2 3
Economic criteria play a significant role in policy analysis, often
involving at least one economic criterion. Factors such as the economy,
anticipated public sector income, government spending, and others are
considered. Among these criteria, costs are the most prevalent economic
criterion. Another type of cost is marginal cost, which refers to the
additional cost of producing one extra unit of output.
According to Matrix 2, option 3 is the least desirable policy
alternative, option 1 is the most desirable based on economic criteria,

17
and Option 2 falls in the middle. Therefore, the highest-ranking policy
option may have advantages over disadvantages. It was evident that
policy option 1 received the highest rating from each key informant. To
ensure there was no bias among the three possibilities and the
informants, this survey proved beneficial in balancing the interests of
barangay authorities and the people. Decision-makers often desire the
most cost-effective option, which provides the greatest benefit at the
lowest cost.
Economic criteria are typically established and implemented with
considerable effort focused on enhancing quality, dependability, timing,
and cost. In the provided policy options, this table illustrates a graphical
method for selecting a cost-effective monitoring technique. Using this
economic criterion, the most cost-effective policy option is chosen as a
replacement for the original ordinance or policy under study. This
demonstrates that the policy alternative with the highest ranking also
has the potential to be more affordable than the other two alternatives.

18
Political
Stakeholders Option
Option 2 Option 3
1
A 2 1 3
B 2 1 3
C 3 2 1
D 2 1 3
E 1 2 3
F 3 1 2
G 2 1 3
H 2 3 1
I 1 2 3
J 2 1 3
K 3 2 1
L 1 3 2
M 1 2 3
Total 25 22 31
Mean 1.92 1.69 2.38
Rank 2 1 3
The political criteria assess the political viability of a proposed
policy alternative, which refers to its acceptance by relevant influential
groups, decision-makers, legislators, administrators, citizens,
neighborhoods, unions, or others. Additional criteria for determining
political viability include appropriateness, legality, responsiveness, and
importance to the target audience or the general public.
Matrix 3 illustrates the rankings of the policy alternatives based
on the political dimension. Option 2 receives the highest rank, while
Option 3 is ranked the lowest among the stakeholders. The major
informants for this study were the Barangay Captain, Barangay officials,
and solo parents. It is noteworthy that Policy Alternative 3 is ranked at
the bottom of the list by these stakeholders.

19
Administrative criteria focus on the efficiency of implementing and
monitoring the alternative policy. This involves establishing guidelines
for implementation and monitoring the policy. It also addresses the
effectiveness of efforts made to enhance diversity, access, and equity
obligations. Additionally, it involves analyzing the management,
supervision, and enforcement of policies and procedures.
Administrative
Stakeholders Option
Option 1 Option 2
3
A 2 1 3
B 2 1 3
C 2 1 3
D 1 2 3
E 3 2 1
F 2 3 1
G 1 3 2
H 2 3 1
I 1 2 3
J 3 2 1
K 2 3 1
L 2 1 3
M 3 1 2
Total 26 25 27
Mean 2.89 2.78 3.00
Rank 2 1 3
Administrative criteria often address issues of authority,
commitment, capacity, and support. The figure above shows that policy
alternative 3 has the lowest rank in administrative criteria, while policy
alternative 2, the status quo or fixed ordinance, has the highest rank.
Therefore, the researcher concludes that the ordinance has the highest
potential in terms of administrative criteria.

20
Matrix 5: Decision Matrix
Options
Dimensions
Status Quo Option 1 Option 2
Technical 1.62 1.92 2.46
Economic 1.62 1.92 2.46
Political 1.92 1.69 2.38
Administrative 2.89 2.78 3
Total 8.05 8.32 10.31
Mean 2.01 2.08 2.58
Rank 1 2 3
Using the provided decision matrix, the researcher will be able to
analyze and choose the following policy possibilities based on the
standards provided by the completed survey. The third alternative policy
option is to designate a barangay health worker at the barangay level as
the focal person for the strict implementation of Municipal Ordinance No.
2020-019. This option will be ranked last overall considering technical,
economic, political, and administrative factors. According to the TEPA
Evaluation Criteria, the suggested policy alternative 2 ranks second or
medium. Ultimately, the researcher concludes that Policy Alternative 1,
the Municipal option, will strengthen the municipal ordinance by
focusing on assisting solo parents, providing training and programs, and
reducing the need for them to travel abroad for employment. This
approach allows them to have more time to concentrate on raising their
children. The Municipal Ordinance in 2020-019, which is the Status Quo
Option (SQ), ranked the highest in the survey based on technical,
economic, political, and administrative criteria. It should be further
strengthened and strictly applied. Based on the survey results, the
researcher can now understand the various viewpoints and opinions of

21
each respondent regarding the specified ordinance. With the help of the
survey's findings, the researcher can now suggest and recommend the
best alternative policy and provide solutions to the problems and major
policy issues.
Policy Alternative Decision
When comparing all of the potential policy alternatives in matrix
6, option 2 received the highest score. This alternative suggests that it
might provide the best solution for addressing the isolated issue in
Barangay Tibal-og. Therefore, the best policy choice is Alternative 2. This
choice is based on the compliance and strong enforcement of Barangay
Tibal-og's proposed barangay ordinance in alignment with Municipal
Ordinance 2020-019.
Matrix 6: Policy Alternative Decision
Status Option Option

Dimensions Mean
Quo/Option 1 2 3
1 2 3
Technical 4.36
4.36 8.77 13.08
1 2 3
Economic 4.36
4.36 8.72 13.08
2 1 3
Political 4.41
8.82 4.41 13.32
2 1 3
Administrative 6.67
13.33 6.67 20
Total 30.87 28.51 59.38
Rank 2 1 3
Solo parenting is not an easy task, but we can extend our hand by
implementing livelihood programs to help them generate income and
support their daily needs. Additionally, it is important to prioritize the
strengthening and strict implementation of the ordinance in Barangay
Tibal-og.

22
While the other options are also necessary for addressing the
problem, they are of lower priority for a good reason: they do not play a
vital role in addressing the issue. These options do not require
community approval but can be implemented through the executive
office's strict measures.
Alternative 3 is the least preferred option among the stakeholders.
It is chosen as a secondary option to Option 1 because it can be easily
adopted and implemented even with the least number of solo parents.
Furthermore, these individuals are at a high risk of having unstable lives,
which would greatly impact government funds and manpower.

23
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter includes the summary, conclusions, and
recommendations based on the result of the study.
Summary
The study aimed to recommend an alternative policy that would
help lessen the Solo Parents' problem in Barangay Tibal-og. It also
examined the LGUs policy approach along the technical, administrative,
political, and economic criteria.
The study used a case study where only one representative
municipality was studied in detail. Consequently, conclusions drawn
from data analyses were necessarily applicable only to the municipality
that was studied.
The geographic scope of the study was delimited to the territorial
jurisdiction of Barangay Tibal-og. In this study, the stakeholders chose
the Barangay Captain, the Barangay Official of Tibal-og. Likewise, the
residents and solo parents were chosen as respondents for the sole
reason that they were the people who were directly affected and could
benefit from the measure.
The analysis was based on the rational choice theory. The
operability of the policy was identified by measuring the administrative
aspect. In economic analysis, the cost and benefit analysis were utilized.
In the political dimension, the prince analysis was utilized. In assessing

24
the technical dimension of the policy, efficiency, and effectiveness were
determined.
Conclusion
Based on the study results, the passing of a barangay-level
ordinance, in line with Municipal Ordinance 2020-019, to expand the
assistance provided to solo parents should be prioritized. This regulation
focuses on the rigorous enforcement of implementation, including the
provision of a livelihood program and assistance. Consequently, the
researchers conclude that alternative no. 2 emerged as the optimal policy
option, based on the stakeholders' decision. As it received the highest
ranking, it will be implemented, unlike alternative no. 3, which obtained
the lowest rank as it is not a priority for the stakeholders.
Recommendations
After a thorough analysis, the following recommendations were
hereby made:
The researchers behind the study advised the Barangay Tibal-og
to pass or create a barangay ordinance in line with Municipal Ordinance
No. 2020-019, Section 6, which provided additional benefits and
privileges for solo parents. Solo parents were given monetary assistance
of two thousand pesos (2,000.00) every three months to cover their
needs; and
This study aimed to provide the best alternative for meeting their
needs as single parents while also enhancing the plan to produce the
best results and strengthening the adoption of the ordinance.

25
REFERENCES
Brennan, D. (2021, August 12). How Does Single Parenting Affect a

Child? MedicineNet. Retrieved from
https://www.medicinenet.com/how_does_single_parenting_affect_
a_child/article.htm
D Alngag, M. (2022). The Implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act

of 2000 in Tabuk City, Kalinga Province. European Online Journal of
Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 11(4 (s)), pp-84. Lopez, G.
P. R., & San Juan, E. P. Socio-economic status and livelihood
prospects of solo parents in Catanduanes, Philippines.
Delmonte, L., Gabon, R., Gabon, V., & DelaCruz, J. (2014).

Garcia et.al, 2022 The Portrayal of Solo Parents in Sibling Conflict
Resolution in Selected Filipino Movies retrieved from (PDF) The
Portrayal of Solo Parents in Sibling Conflict Resolution in Selected
Filipino Movies (researchgate.net)
Home Management Practices of Solo Parents in Samar,

Philippines. Countryside Development Research Journal, 2(01), 73-
77.Macairan, 2012Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act lapses into
law retrieved from Gov't urged to implement Solo Parents Welfare
Act | Philstar.com
Maria Cancian, & Daniel R. Meyer. (2018). Reforming Policy for Single-
Parent Families to Reduce Child Poverty. RSF: The Russell Sage
Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(2), 91–112.
https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2018.4.2.05
Miller, W. (2020, March 2). Why Is Being a Single Parent So Hard?

Medium Retrieved from https://medium.com/love-the-single-
parent/why-is-being-a-single-parent-so-hard-30b9fb84ab04
Psychological Association, (2019) Solo Mother's Challenges and Coping

Strategies: A Phenomenological Study in City of Manila retrieved
from delMundo2019.cdr (science.ph)

26
Smith, M. (2017, November 17). What Are The Effects On Children Of

Single Parents? EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved from
https://www.everydayhealth.com/kids-health/what-are-effects-
on-children-single-parents/
Vijayamohan (2022) Descriptive Research 101: Definition, Methods, and

Examples retrieved from
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=14336

27

28

29

30

31
DIOBEN C. FLORES, EdD, DPA

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Purok 1, Menzi, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
Email: kyutjae05@gmail.com
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth :October 17, 1999
Place of Birth : Menzi, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Wilfredo R. Macababayao
Mother’s Name : Lolita C. Macababayao
Nationality : Filipino
II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Marsman Elementary School
Junior High School : Marsman National High School
Senior High School : Marsman National High School
College : Santo Tomas College of Agriculture,
Sciences, and Technology
RYAN B. PANES
Purok 1-A, Balagunan, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
Email: panes8124@gmail.com
I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : September 22, 1998
Place of Birth : Purok 1-A, Balagunan, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Roel C. Panes
Mother’s Name : Jocelyn B. Panes
Nationality : Filipino
II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Balagunan Elementary School
High School : Balagunan National High School
College : Santo Tomas College of Agriculture, Sciences and
Technology

Policy Analysis On Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-Og Santo Tomas Davao Del Norte

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Policy Analysis On Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-Og Santo Tomas Davao Del Norte

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

POLICY ANALYSIS ON SOLO PARENTING IN BARANGAY

TIBAL-OG, SANTO TOMAS, DAVAO DEL NORTE

MARRY JANE A. MACABABAYAO

Policy Analysis on Solo Parenting in Barangay Tibal-og, Santo

MARRY JANE A. MACABABAYAO

Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Santo Tomas College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology

SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

This is to certify that this research contained no material which

MARRY JANE A. MACABABAYAO

SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

This research paper entitled “Policy Analysis on Solo Parenting in

Bachelor of Public Administration

in Santo Tomas College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Santo

MARIA MAY A. DOÑA

DANIEL G. HILARIO, DPA

CHARITO M. ESCUZAR, MPA HANNAH R. MARIANO, MBA

MA. THERESA O. TUQUIB, MBA

DIOBEIN C. FLORES, EdD, DPA

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to everyone who

contributed to the success of this study.

First and foremost, we are immensely grateful to our All-Powerful

we encountered. He consistently provided us with the knowledge and

fortitude necessary to overcome the challenges of this study.

We would also like to extend our appreciation to Ma’am Maria May

Examiners: Ma’am Charito M. Escuzar, Ma’am Hannah R. Mariano, and

Dr. Daniel G. Hilario, for their valuable insights, expertise, and

constructive comments, which greatly enhanced and advanced our

Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to the BPA

the necessary skills and knowledge to actively participate in this

important endeavor. We also appreciate his words of encouragement that

motivated us to pursue and complete our studies.

We take great pride in our contribution to this achievement, made

possible through our educational organization, STCAST, led by Dr.

Diobein C. Flores, our college president, who has consistently shown

support and active involvement.

inspiration since the beginning of this study. Their unwavering support,

both physically and morally, as well as their financial assistance, played

a crucial role in helping us achieve our goals.

This piece of paper is sincerely dedicated to:

Our Almighty God

You are our inspiration

Keywords: Solo Parents, Municipal Ordinance, Alternative

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Solo parents belong to the marginalized sectors of our society. They

opportunities for them are limited, and there is a lower chance of

employment. In addition to the prejudice they face in society, the

emotional strain of being both a mother and a father burdens their

significant impact (Garcia et al., 2022). According to the American

Psychological Association (2019), solo parents manage the household

and bear the responsibility of supporting their child's development.

Consequently, solo parents face numerous challenges in maintaining a

happy family despite the absence of the other parent.

Previous studies have primarily focused on the national and

international levels, often overlooking certain issues due to the large

scale of people involved. Other literature tends to concentrate on female

solo parents, marginalizing male solo parents. However, this research

level, we aim to understand whether they feel the government's efforts to

support solo parents. There is no discrimination based on age and

response to these issues, a law was passed in 2000 to assist single