My name is anooshay ahsan and today im going to be giving a presentation on the halo effect.

So,
basically, halo effect is a bias or error in reasoning in which an impression formed from a single trait is
allowed to influence multiple factors. In other words, if one characteristic is used to make an overall
judgment of a particular thing, it may be termed as halo effect. For example, the widely known
statement, what is beautiful is good may come under the umbrella of halo effect.

to giv ena idea about the history of halo effect, I would like to introduce to the psychologist who
discovered this phenomenon. the well known psychologist Edward thorndike. He coined this term in
1920, and firstly used it in his paper titled "The Constant Error in Psychological Ratings”. In his
experiment, thorndike asked commanding officers in the military to conduct an evaluation on their
subordinating officers. He found that high ratings of a particular quality correlated to high ratings of
other characteristics, while negative ratings of a specific quality also led to lower ratings of other
characteristics. With these evaluations, he observed that there existed a social phenomenon which
hadn’t been discovered prior to his investigations. Later, as I previously said, thorndike termed it as halo
effect.

You might be thinking that halo effect is not something that may have a wide area of influence,
however, that is where you are wrong. First and foremost, halo effect widely influences on how we
perceive other individuals. When people first encounter someone, the information regarding their
personaility is very limited. Therefore, people will use the available information which may be external
appearance and body language to assume other characteristics about that person which involves halo
effect. Similarly, this phenomenon influences a wide range of settings including workplace, educational
systems, politics,marketing, medicine and even death. In educational institutions, if a student who is
deemed as smart and good commits something that may be punishable, the act that is punishable may
be ignored . similarly, in workplaces, you may judge that a person is intelligent, smart and hardworking
based on their appearance. In marketing, halo effect can be used to manipulate consumes into buying
their product. For example, people tend to lean towards those products which are termed as organic. In
medicine, a person who is attractive but is not physically well may be seen as healthy.in politics, a
politician who speaks well and is attractive is prone to get more votes

• There are two types of halo effect. First one is The reverse halo effect which occurs when
positive evaluations of an individual cause negative consequences. if you tend to arrive at work
late because of a difficult commute, your coworkers may assume you're lazy, disengaged, or
inefficient.
Seconf is the devils effect. It is the exact opposite of halo effect. If one negatiove characteristic is used to
make an overall negative opinion about something, it will be termed as devils effect.

A graph is given to show the presence of halo effect in different environments.

In conclusion, halo effect is a phenomenon which shouldn’t be readily fancied by people as it can lead to
false evaluations abased on subjective observations. Instead, observations should be made with the help
of facts and figures instead of jut relying on assumptions,.