Information

and
Communications
Technology

Year 10- ICT

 Week 3

September 4-8, 2023

 Chapter 1
Types and Components of
Computer System
Lesson 1.3
Operating System
Lesson 1.4
Types of Computer
Lesson 1.5
Emerging Technologies
 Learning Objectives
1. Understand the different types of
operating systems and user interface that
are available.
2. Compare the advantages and disadvantages
of different types of computer.
3. Recognise how emerging technologies are
impacting o many aspects of everyday life.
Lesson 1.3: Operating Systems
An operating system is a set of programs that
controls how the computer interacts with the users
and the peripherals- external devices such as
keyboards, monitors and printers.

It is always running in the background and

applications such as word processors can `call’ the
operating system when they want something done..
The operating system has programs, called
managers, that:

Manage all of the hardware devices.

Control all the processes running in the
computer, e.g. when several programs are
running, it allows each one in turn to
use the CPU
Manage the internal memory.
 Key Words

Units of Memory
8 bits = 1 byte
1000 bytes = 1 kilobytes
1000 kilobytes = 1 megabyte
1000 megabytes = 1 gigabyte
1000 gigabytes = 1 terabyte
Peripherals
External devices that provide input
and output for the computer.
 User Interfaces

Users interact with the operating system

through a user interface that converts what
a user inputs to a form that the computer
can understand and vice versa.
Four Main Types of User Interface

Command Line Interface

Graphical User Interface
Dialogue-Based Interface
Gesture-Based Interface
 Command Line Interface (CLI)

A text-based interface that allows the

user to interact with a computer using
keyboard input at a prompt on the
screen.
 Command Line Interface
Advantages
1. CLIs require very little
processing so run very quickly
and on computers that aren’t 2. Looks intimidating for new
powerful.
2. Advanced computer users
who know how to use the
commands can operate them
faster than users who need to
move a mouse.
Disadvantages
1. Commands need to be learnt
and often aren’t obvious.
users.
3. The user must be careful not to
make any typing errors,
otherwise the computer will not
be able to understand the
commands and carry them out.
 Activity 1.4
The most used commonly used CLI is MSDOS. Carry out
research to find 10 DOS commands. Create a table giving the
commands in the first column and explanations of their use
in the second column, as shown below.

DOS command Explanation of use

 Graphical User Interface (GUI)

An interface that provides an intuitive way

of interacting with a computer through a
screen by clicking on icons, menus, buttons
or windows using (for example) a mouse,
touchpad or touch screen.
GUI is probably the most common type of
interface used today. GUIs use the
following methods to allow users to
open and interact with programs.
windows
icons
menus
WIMP Interface
pointers
 Graphical User Interface
Advantages
1. It is intuitive as files and directories
are represented by icons.
2. Users do not have to learn
complicated commands, they merely
have to click a mouse or select an
item from menu.
3. It is easy to use, for example, to
move a file a user just has to drag an
onscreen representation (icon) of
that file.
Disadvantages
1. GUIs use up a lot of the computer’s
internal memory to run.
2. They are large and take up lots of
storage space.
3. They need to use CPU a lot more
than CLIs.
4. Can be slower for experienced users
as they have to take their hands of
the keyboard and search for a
mouse.
 Dialogue-Based Interface

An interface that allows a user to

interact with a computer through the
spoken word.
 Dialogue-Based Interface
Advantages
1. It allows hands-free control.
2. The user does not have to be trained
but may have to learn the necessary
key words that the computer will
accept.
3. It is safer when operating machinery
such driving and is useful to disabled
users.
Disadvantages
1. Users have to learn which
commands can be used.
2. Users have to train the interface
with their voice.
3. May not be reliable especially if
there is background noise.
4. Complex to program and are
therefore expensive.
 Gesture-Based Interface

An interface that allows a user to

interact with a computer at a distance
by using movements of various parts
their body.
 True Gesture-Based Interface

Uses computer sensors to detect and

understand human gestures and movements
usually of the face and hands, without
actually touching a physical device.
 Partial Gesture-Based Interface

Are available today on smartphones and

tablets where a user has to swipe the
screen in a particular way to open and
close programs and zoom in or out of maps.
 Gesture-Based Interface
Advantages
1. The user does not have to use a mouse
or other pointing device.
2. The user does not have to enter
commands using a keyboard.
3. The user does not have to move to the
device as they can make the gestures
from where they are sitting or standing.
4. The user does not have to touch a
screen that others have been touching.
It prevents to spread of disease.
Disadvantages
1. Users have to learn the gestures
for particular requests.
2. A system is required to recognize
face movements and hand
gestures.
3. Users may have to wear motion
tracking gloves.
4. Users may become fatigued after
performing the gestures.
Lesson 1.4: Types of Computer

There are different types of computers that

perform a huge variety of roles. In this
section you will learn about a variety of
computers and you will compare the roles that
they can perform.
 Desktop Computers

A computer system
designed to be used
at a desk in a fixed
location and its not
portable.
 Mobile Computers

A computer system that are portable

than desktop. They have many advantages
for mobile work and they have the power
and flexibility of desktop computers.
 Laptop Computer

A portable computer with

the same functionality as
a desktop computer.
Tablet

A thin, flat, portable

computer with a touch
screen, mobile operating
system and battery.
 Smartphone

A mobile phone that can

perform many other
functions, e.g. taking
photographs and web
browsing.
 Phablet

A smartphone with a
screen size larger
than most smartphones
but smaller than a
tablet.
A printed circuit
board that
controls the
output to a
display screen or
monitor.
A printed circuit
board that
controls the
output to a
display screen or
monitor.
Lesson 1.5:
Emerging Technologies
Impact of emerging technologies

Technology changes rapidly and computers are

becoming ever more powerful and capable of
processing even more commands each second.
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The ability of a digital computer or
computer-controlled robot to perform tasks
commonly associated with human intelligence
such as learning, problem solving and
pattern recognition..
 Machine Learning

The ability of computers to learn

without being explicitly programmed.
 Examples of AI include:

* Making a patient diagnosis based on their

symptoms and their medical history.

* Analysing test results. A computer can

recognize medical markers indicating
abnormalities far more accurately than a
human after being given million of scans.
* Artificial intelligence and machine
learning are allowing machines to
become fully autonomous- they can make
their own decisions without human
involvement or guidance.

* Autonomous machines- the most

prominent examples are driverless cars.
Figure 1.1: A driverless
car
 Activity 1.5

Create a presentation showing how

artificial intelligence is used by
`chatbots.
 Extended Reality (XR)

It is called an `immersive technology

because it immerses users in a virtual
aor a combined virtual and real
environment.
 Virtual Reality (VR)

It is a computer-generated environment,
sometimes called a virtual world, where a
person can immerse themselves and interact
to perform a wide variety of actions.
Computer-generated environment

The use of software to create 3D images

of scenery, buildings, etc. in which
objects can move.
 Augmented Reality (AR)

Allows a user to interact with the real

and a virtual world at the same time.
 Figure 1.2: The
names of shops and
restaurants
superimposed on a
navigation guide’s
street view.