321.18.CR.0 NC Electrical Power Engineering 2018

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING 321/18/CR/0
ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY DEVELPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
2018
REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
IN
ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING
Course Code: 321/18/CR/0
Implementation date: January, 2019

PREAMBLE
The course is designed to develop an artisan with knowledge, skills and attitudes to competently practice
Electrical Power Engineering in the Electrical industry. The total duration of the course is 1358 notional
hours spread over a period of two (2) years and one (1) year On- the- Job Education and Training (OJET).
The minimum entry requirements into this course are English Language and Mathematics passed at
Ordinary Level with grade C or better and any other three subjects or National Foundation Certificate
(NFC) subjects or equivalent. The course is offered on a full time, part time, Block release or Open
Distance e-Learning (ODeL) basis. Assessment is through field based assignments, continuous
assessment, written examination and On- the- Job Education and Training (OJET). The course will
consider gender mainstreaming, sustainable development, physical challenges, health dispositions, and
the intersections between race, class and culture. It shall embrace innovative heritage-based
education and training philosophy to solve national problems and to produce goods and services
for industrialization and modernization.
CONSULTATION YEAR
1. Tendo Electronics and Power Engineering (pvt) ltd 2018
2. Dunlop Zimbabwe (pvt) ltd 2018
3. Zimbabwe Electricity Distribution Power Company 2018
4. National Railways of Zimbabwe 2018
5. Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers 2018
6. Trojan Nickel Mine 2018
7. National Breweries 2018
8. Mimosa mining company (pvt) ltd 2018
9. Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority 2018
10. Freda Rebecca Gold Mine 2018

PART 1: COURSE REGULATIONS
1.0 TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD
National Certificate in Electrical Power Engineering
2.0 AIM
The aim of the course is to produce an Electrical Engineering Mechanic with knowledge,
skills and attitudes to satisfy the needs of the Electrical Engineering Industry.
3.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course the students should be able to:
3.1 apply electrical techniques in the plant, installation and maintenance equipment.
3.2 repair electrical equipment implementing safety regulations in the workshop.
3.3 apply electrical and electronic concepts in electrical power engineering related
problems
3.4 manipulate engineering data using mathematical concepts.
3.5 build electronic circuits.
3.6 use electrical principles in the electrical and electronic industry.
3.7 communicate with other personnel in the organization using standard

communication symbols and information technologies.
3.8 enable students to acquire and use engineering drawing skills as a means of
accurately and clearly communicating ideas, information and instructions.
3.9 acquire business concepts to apply in the electrical power engineering field.
3.10 relate with the nation by being patriotic and participating in national development.
3.11 demonstrate the practical application of electrical power engineering field

concepts in a working environment.
4.0 STRUCTURE
SUBJECT TITLE CODE NOTIONAL

HOURS
1 Plant installation and maintenance 321//18/S01 216
2 Workshop Practice 321/18/S02 216
3 Project 321/18/S03 40*
4 Mathematics 321/18/S04 144
5 Electronics 321/18/S05 216
6 Electrical Engineering Technology 321/18/S06 216
7 Communication and Computer Skills 321/18/S07 80
8 Engineering Drawing 321/18/S08 80
9 Entrepreneurship Skills Development 402/18/S01 80
10 National and Strategic Studies 401/18/S01 80
11 On The Job Education and Training 321/18/S09 1 year
TOTAL 1368
5.0 DURATION
The course duration is 1368 notional hours spread over two (2) years and one (1) year On -the
Job Education and Training (OJET).
6.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
English Language and Mathematics passed at Ordinary Level with grade C or better and any
other three Ordinary Level subjects or relevant National Foundation Certificate subjects.
7.0 MODE OF STUDY

Full time : 1368 notional hours
Part time : 1368 notional hours
Block Release : 1368 notional hours
ODeL : 1368notional hours
8.0 ASSESSMENT
8.1 ASSESSMENT SCHEME
SUBJECT TITLE AND CODE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

WRITTEN CONTINUOUS
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Plant Installation and 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
Maintenance • 3 Field work-based
321/18/S01 assignments 30%
(weighted 10%
each)
• Skills competency
testing 30%
Workshop Practice Continuous Submit Marks 100%
321/18/S02 Assessment
Project* Submit Written Submit Marks 100%
321/18/S03 project.
Mathematics 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
321/18/S04 • 3 Field work-based
assignments 30%
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
Electronics 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
assignments 30%
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
Electrical Engineering 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
Technology • 3 Field work-based
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
Communication and Computer 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
Skills • 3 Field work-based
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
Engineering Drawing 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
321/18/S08 • 3 Field work-
based assignments 30%

(weighted 10% each)
• Skills
competency testing
30%
Entrepreneurship Skills 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
Development • 3 Field work-based
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
National and Strategic Studies 3 hour written paper A minimum of 100%
assignments 30%
(weighted 10%
each)
testing 30%
On the job Education and As per proficiency Submit Marks 100%
Training schedule
321/18/S09
9.0 CONDITIONS OF GRADING
0% to 49% - Fail
50% to 59% - Pass
60% to 79% - Credit
80% and above - Distinction
10.0 CONDITIONS OF AWARD
10.1 A candidate should attend at least 85% of learning sessions to qualify for
examinations.
10.2 The final mark should be obtained through aggregation provided the candidate
scores at least 40 % in each of continuous assessment and examinations.
10.3 The pass mark shall be 50 %.
10.4 Candidates should pass all subjects.
11.0 RE-WRITES
11.1 Re-write(s) should conform to current course structure.

11.2 Candidates should pass at least two thirds of the course to qualify for a
referral.
11.3 Any candidate who fails to pass at least two thirds of the course should repeat the
whole course, including the subjects they would have passed.
11.4 There is no time limit for which to re-write a failed examination.
11.5 There is no aggregation for re-writes.
11.6 All re-writes should pass on performance in the examination.
11.7 If a candidate fails continuous assessment he/she repeats the subject
12.0 EXEMPTIONS
12.1 Exemptions are only granted in subjects already attained from a completed
accredited qualification provided an exemption certificate specifying subjects of
exemption is produced.
12.2 Exemption Certificate should be applied for at enrolment and produced before
registration for examinations.
13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES
13.1 Cheating in examinations will result in disqualification from the whole course and
all other HEXCO courses. The candidate will be suspended for two years.
13.2 Plagiarisms in any of the assessments will result in automatic disqualification in

the course and any other HEXCO courses and the penalty as in 13.1 will apply.
14.0. RESOURCES
14.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications
The minimum qualification for a lecturer is at least a National Diploma in a

relevant area or an equivalent.
14.2 Tools and Equipment
The following are the minimum equipment requirements for the course per class.
Filling
Hacksaws
Drilling machines
Center punches
Dies and Tapes
Ladder.
Bearing puller.
Chain block.
Megger
Wiring (Panel)
Side cutters
Pliers multimeters
Screw drivers
Spanners
Tool boxes
Knives
Wiring House
Conduit benders
Hammers
Spirit levels
Plum bobs
Motors and Transformers
Contractors
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Tachometers
Trequenas meters
Multimeter
Kits
Basic Electrician Training tool kits.

Laptop
14.3 SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Theraja B.L.(2017) Electrical Technology Amazon London

Petruzella F.D.(2017) Programmable Logic Controllers McGraw-Hill New York
Jurek, S. F. (2015) Electrical Machines for Engineer Longman New York
Gonen, J. (2006) Electronic Power Distribution McGraw-Hill New York
Bhattacharya S.K. (2015) Electrical Power Bookboon
Bird, J. (2010) Basic Engineering Mathematics 5th Ed Elsevier Ltd
Floyd, T. L. (2015) Digital Fundamentals Prentice Hall
Boylestad R.L. (2016) Introductory Circuit Analysis Prentice Hall
Ulaby, L.. (2016) Circuits NTSP
Stoner, J.A.F. (2018) Management Prentice Hall U.S.A
Other sources e.g. internet, magazines, and journals.
PART II: SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE
SUBJECT TITLE CODE NOTIONAL

HOURS
1 Plant installation and maintenance 321/18/S01 216
2 Workshop Practice 321/18/S02 216
3 Project 321/18/S03 40*
4 Mathematics 321/18/S04 144
5 Electronics 321/18/S05 216
6 Electrical Engineering Technology 321/18/S06 216
7 Communication and Computer Skills 321/18/S07 80
8 Engineering Drawing 321/18/S08 80
9 Entrepreneurship Skills Development 402/18/S01 80
10 National and Strategic Studies 401/18/S01 80
11 On The Job Education and Training 321/18/S09 1 year
TOTAL 1368
SUBJECT : PLANT INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
CODE : 321/18/S01
DURATION : 216 Hours
1.0 AIM
The aim of the subject is to provide the student with knowledge and skills of the Installation,
Maintenance and Repair of electrical plant and equipment observing SHEQ procedures.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3.1 explain how electrical energy is generated and transmitted in Zimbabwe.
3.2 analyse and explain installation, protection, advantages and disadvantages of three-phase
distribution systems (plant and equipment)
3.3 install electrical power cables according to Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
and Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Wiring Regulations.
3.4 describe various methods of protecting electrical installations/equipment.
3.5 apply SAZ & IEE Wiring Regulations and Code of Practice in the installation and
maintenance of electrical equipment in special/hazardous areas.
3.6 install lighting systems in accordance to SAZ and IEE Wiring Regulations.
3.7 critically analyse the various methods of protecting transformers.
3.8 describe the construction, operation and application of three-phase Alternating Current
(AC) motors and generators.
3.9 describe the construction, operation and application of direct current (DC) machines.
3.0 TOPICS
3.1 GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

3.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
3.3 CABLES AND ENCLOSURES
3.4 EARTHING AND EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
3.5 SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS
3.7 ILLUMINATION
3.8 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
3.9 ALTERNATING CURRENT THREE PHASE MACHINES
3.10 DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES
3.12 AC MACHINES
3.13 DC MACHINES
4.0 CONTENT
1 GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
1.1 Explain how electrical energy is generated in the following generating stations:
- coal fired
- oil fired
- nuclear
- hydro-powered
- geo-thermal
- solar
- wind
- biomass
1.2 State the advantages and disadvantages of the above generating systems.
1.3 Name the power stations found in Zimbabwe and state typical power ratings and
generating voltages.
1.3.1 TRANSMISSION
a) Explain reasons for stepping up generation voltages,
- voltage drop
- power loss
- conductor and switchgear sizes
b) Sketch a typical line diagram of an electrical transmission system and state

typical voltages for generation, transmission and distribution as found in
Zimbabwe.
c) Explain with the aid of a sketch the purpose of the supernational grid
interconnection of Zimbabwean Grid to neighbouring countries.
d) State the advantages and disadvantages of the national grid system.
4.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTION WIRING SYSTEMS
2.1 Draw line diagrams for the ring main distribution systems and radial main
distribution systems including control and switching systems and compare the two
systems.
2.2 Draw line diagrams to show connected load for the following systems and typical
applications.
- Three-phase three wire.
- Three-phase four wire
- Single-phase two wire
4.3 OVERHEAD AND UNDERGROUND WIRING
3.1 Power line construction

- Assessment of soil structure, topography & line route.
- Determine critical path analysis.
3.2 Explain the overhead wiring systems under the following:
- Types of conductors used.
- Types of poles and their applications: concrete, wooden, A pole, H pole, I

pole, Stay pole.
- Types of accessories: insulators, clamps.
- Catenary wiring: types of cables, mounting height, use of cradle for

protection.
3.3 Explain the underground systems under the following headings:
- types of power cables:

- PVC insulated steel wire armoured cable
- rubber insulated
- mineral insulated
- waveconal
- consac
- XPLE
- armoured with thermosetting insulation.
3.4 Explain the following methods of installing underground cables.
- direct laying
- solid laying
- draw in method
4.4 DISTRIBUTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
4.1 Types of substations

4.2 Draw line/block diagrams of an 11kV/380V substation showing the following
equipment:
- H. V. switchgear, isolator
- Transformer
- Low voltage switchgear, isolators
- Bus-bar chamber
- Distribution boards
4.3 Apply relevant IEE, CAS, and SAZ regulations pertaining to substation
enclosures or buildings.
4.5 ISOLATION AND SWITCHING
5.1 Describe and illustrate with the aid of schematic diagrams and, wiring diagrams
the following switchgear:
- High voltage switchgear: air blast circuit breaker, oil, sulphur hexa-
flouride (SF6), vacuum.
- Low voltage switchgear: moulded case circuit breaker, miniature circuit

breaker, switch-fuse, fuse-switch, isolator, double pole switch.
5.2 Describe, illustrate and state advantages and disadvantages of the following
excess current protection devices.
- Rewirable
- Catridge
- High breaking capacity (HBC)
5.3 Identify and apply relevant regulations of the above circuit protection devices.
4.6 CONSUMER INSTALLATION
6.1 Draw line/block diagram to include:
- Service cable
- Service mcb (cut-out)
- Meter
- Main switch
- Distribution board indicating final circuits.
6.2 Draw the rising main distribution system.
6.3 Identify and apply IEE, SAZ and CAS regulations.
6.4 Explain, supply and metering a tariffs for electrical consumers to include
domestic, commercial and industrial purposes:
- Load limiter
- Two-part
- Maximum demand
- Block tariff
- Off-peak
- Pre-paid
6.5 Illustrate and explain the connection of power factor correction devices.
- Bank/group capacitors
- Synchronous motor
- Phase advancers
4.7 CABLES AND ENCLOSURES
CABLES
7.1 Describe the construction, advantages and disadvantages, and application

of the following common types of cables under the following headings:
- Power cables: pvc steel wire armoured, mineral insulated,

- Wave-conal, Consac, XPLE (cross linked poly-ethylene),
- Armoured with thermosetting,
- Installation cables: single-phase single core PVC insulated and sheathed,
XPLE, mineral insulated metal sheathed.
- Flexible cords: fine stranded flat-twin and earth, rubber
(elastomer).
7.2 Use I. E. E. and or SAZ regulations to select minimum single-phase and

Three-phase cable sizes under the following headings:
- Maximum demand and diversity.

- Cable size selection calculations up to checking/verifying voltage drop.
4.8 EARTHING AND EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
8.1 Describe giving examples methods of protection against direct and indirect
contact to include:
- Use of barriers
- Placing out of reach
- Insulation, double insulation
- Use of extra-low voltage
- Isolation transformers
- Earthing
8.2 Describe earthing and give detailed illustrations of achieving this.

a) Define the following terms and give suitable example of:
- Earthing
- Exposed conductive parts
- Extraneous conductive part
- Bonding conductors
- Circuit protective conductors
- Earth electrode
- Earth electrode resistance area
b) Illustrate the following earthing arrangement and state application:
- TT
- TN-C-S
- TN-C
- TN-S
c) Describe with illustration including voltage gradients, earth electrodes as

listed in IEE and/or SAZ Regulations (542).
8.3 Draw the earth fault loop path.
- Calculate the earth fault loop impedance of a given

installation/ circuit using the following formula Zs = Ze+R1+R2 and
determine whether values meet relevant IEE and SAZ Regulations.
8.4 Earth Leakage Protection
Describe with diagrams the following earthing protection devices:
- Residual current device.

- Earth monitoring device.
4.9 SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS
9.1 Identify fire hazardous areas.
9.2 Define the following zones in fire hazardous areas:
- ZONE O
- ZONE 1
- ZONE 2
9.3 Describe basic fire alarm systems stating advantages, disadvantages and
applications:
- Open circuit
- Closed circuit
9.4 Describe the operation and application of the following emergency supply
systems:
- Generator
- Battery
- Uninterruptible power supply
9.5 Describe the operation and application of emergency lighting systems stating
advantages and disadvantages of:
- Maintained
- Non-maintained
9.6 Recognize the risks associated with the wiring of:
- Agricultural and horticultural installation

- Temporary installation
- Hospital installation
- Electric fence installations
- Paying attention to and giving remedies of:
a) Corrosion
b) Erosion
c) Fire hazards
d) Damage by flora and fauna
e) Danger to fauna and workers
9.7 Apply relevant I.E.E. and SAZ wiring regulations.
9.8 Show the steps taken in the design procedures of a photo-voltaic system, to
include the following:
- Load assessment
- Availability of solar resource
- Size of battery including types of batteries used.
- Size of module, etc
9.9 Carry out fault finding on a solar installation.
9.10 Draw up maintenance schedule of lead-acid batteries/cells.
4.10 ILLUMINATION
10.1 Define the following terms related to illumination:
- Light
- Luminous flux
- Luminous intensity
- Illumination/ illuminance
- Glare
10.2 Use inverse square law and cosine law to calculate illuminance.
10.3 Describe construction and operation with aid of diagrams of the following
lamps:
- Compact Flourescent Lamp (CFL)

- LED’s
- Fluorescent
- Sodium vapour
- Mercury vapour
- Neon
10.4 Identify and rectify faults on the above lamps.
10.5 Define stroboscopic effect and describe the methods of minimizing stroboscopic
effect, i.e.
- Lead-lag circuit
- Mixture of discharge incandescent
- Distribution of lamps over three phase supply.
10.6 Determine the number and positioning of luminaries for a given installation.
10.7 Apply relevant IEE and/or SAZ Regulations.

11.1 Describe the principle of operation of a transformer
11.2 Describe the principle of operation of the following transformer protective

devices:
- Winding temperature
- Oil temperature
- Buchholtz relay
- Induction over current relay
- Lighting protection (surge arrestor, arcing horns, reactor).
11.3 Describe the various cooling methods of power transformers:
- Air
- Forced air
- Water
11.4 Explain transformer oil condition tests to include:
11.4.1 Di-electric test
11.4.2 Crackle test
11.4.3 Acidity tests
11.5 Apply relevant I. E. E. and/or SAZ Regulations.
4.12 A. C. MACHINES
At the end of the unit the student should be able to:
12.1 Describe construction operation and application of three phase a.c. induction
motor in respect of:
- Stator and terminal connections.
- Rotor types: Squirrel cage, Double cage and Wound rotor type.
- Frame types and sizes: open type, drip proof, totally enclosed, pipe/duct
ventilated and screen protected.
12.2 Perform calculations using synchronous speed, rotor speed and slip speed.
12.3 Describe the operation, characteristic curve and application of the following
single phase machines.
- Universal motor
- Split phase motor
- Capacitor start
- Capacitor-start capacitor-run
- Shaded pole
12.4 State advantages, disadvantages and application of the following motor starting
methods:
- Director on line
- Star-delta
- Auto-transformer
- Rotor resistance
- Soft starters including programmable logic controllers.
- Reactance starter.
12.5 State advantages, disadvantages and application of the following speed

control/methods:
- Pole changing
- Rotor resistance
- Electronic drives
12.6 Draw up a planned maintenance scheme for various types of motors and
switchgear.
12.7 Describe common faults and remedies associated with a.c. motors and
switchgear.
12.8 Apply relevant I.E.E. and/or SAZ Regulations.
12.9 Describe construction, operation and application of three phase

synchronous generator in respect of:
- Stator.
- Rotor types: Salient pole and Cylindrical.
12.10 Describe the construction and the following starting methods of a synchronous
motor.
- Pony motor
- induction starting.
12.11 Applications of synchronous motors
12.12 Perform calculations using synchronous speed, frequency and number of

poles.
4.13 D. C. MACHINES
13.1 Describe the construction and operation and application of d. c. generators in

respect of:
- Yoke
- Poles and interpoles, commutation poles.
a) Armature: Lap and Wave

b) Commutator
c) Brushes and brush gear
d) Bearings
e) Armature reaction
f) Minimizing effects of commutation/excessive sparking.
13.2 Explain with simple diagrams methods of installation and alignment of shafts and
couplings.
13.3 Identify common faults and provide remedies for D.C. generators.
13.4 Describe the construction, operation and application of d. c. motors including the
following:
- Series
- Shunt
- Compound: short shunt and long shunt
13.5 Describe with aid of diagrams the various methods of starting and speed control
of d.c. motors:
- Field rheostat
- Face-plate
- Electronic drives
13.6 Identify and apply relevant safety measures and regulations pertaining to various
motors.
13.7 Identify common faults and provide remedies for D. C motors.

5.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
TOPIC CONTENT WEIGHTING%
GENERATION & TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL 10

ENERGY
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION WIRING 10
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
OVERHEAD AND
UNDERGROUND WIRING
DISTRIBUTION PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
ISOLATION AND SWITCH GEAR AND FUSES 10
SWITCHING
CONSUMER INSTALLATION
CABLES AND ENCLOSURES 10
EARTHING AND EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION 10
SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS 10
ILLUMINATION 10
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION 10
AC THREE PHASE MACHINES 10
D.C. MACHINES 10
TOTAL 100%
7.0. SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Petruzella F.D. (2017) Programmable Logic Controllers McGraw Hill Publishing

Rockis G. (2014) Electrical Motor Controls for Integrated Systems American Technical
Alexander C.K. (2017) Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits McGraw Hill Publishing
Tyler, D. W. (2012) Electrical & Electronic Applications 2 Butterworth & Co. Ltd.
Lewis, M. L. (2014) Electrical Installation Technology Hutchinson & Co. Ltd. London
W. Bolton (2015) Programmable Logic Controllers, 4th Edition McGraw Hill Publishing
Lewis M.L. (2016) Electrical Installation Technology Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.
Mark H. (1995) Solar Electric System for Africa Common Wealth Science Council
Bimbhra P.S. (2008) Electrical Machinery Khanna
IEE Regulations 15 or 16th Edition
Z Wiring Regulations and code of Practice (latest edition)
SUBJECT TITLE : WORKSHOP PRACTICE
SUBJECT CODE : 321/18/S02
DURATION : 216 hours
1.0. AIM
The aim of the subject is to provide the student with knowledge and skills of the
Installation, Maintenance and Repair of electrical plant and equipment observing SHEQ
procedures.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of the subject the student should be able to:
3.1 demonstrate knowledge of the factors relating to industrial safety and the
requirements of safety standards.
3.2 demonstrate the proper selection, use and care of all tools and materials
commonly used by electrical craft tradesman.
3.3 demonstrate use of tools, procedures and standards involved in installation and
joining of cables.
3.4 carry out various projects using cable enclosures and various accessories
involved.
3.5 demonstrate the ability to use common materials and tools to perform electrical
installations to acceptable standards in accordance to IEE – regulations and SAZ.
3.6 perform the installation, repair and maintenance of electrical machines and their
control circuits.
3.7 demonstrate knowledge of construction and maintenance of different types of

secondary cells.
3.8 install and maintain discharge lamps according to IEE and CAZ regulations
requirements.
3.9 install, repair and service domestic and industrial heating appliances.
3.10 demonstrate techniques, use of materials and components applied in realistic

settings that is not demonstrated in school settings.
3.11 Demonstrate the ability to develop & run a program using PLC’s
3.0. TOPICS
3.1 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

3.2 MATERIALS AND TOOLS
3.3 CABLES AND CABLE JOINING PROCESSES
3.4 CABLE ENCLOSURES
3.5 DOMESTIC INSTALLATION
3.6 MACHINES AND DRIVES
3.7 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
3.8 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS
3.9 DISCHARGE LUMINAIRES
3.10 HEATING APPLIANCES
3.11 FIELD TRIP
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Demonstrate safety requirements regarding:
4.1.1 Use of ladders and scaffolding.
4.1.2 Correct methods of manually lifting and moving loads.
4.1.3 Importance of clear ways and non-slippery floors.
4.1.4 General workshop rules and regulations.
Demonstrate the proper selection, use and care of personal protective gear to
include:
4.1.5 Headgear
4.1.6 Gloves
4.1.7 Safety glasses and goggles
4.1.8 Overalls and other body protective gear
4.1.9 Ear plugs or ear muffs
4.1.10 Safety boots
4.1.11 Respirator/mask
4.1.12 Safety belts.
Use various types of fire extinguishers.
4.1.13 Identify materials common to the electrical industry which can be hazardous to
the workers’ health:
4.1.4 Solvents
4.1.15 Hydrogen and other gases
4.1.16 Paints, lead, isocyanates, polymers.
4.1.17 Coolants, PCB’s, etc.
4.1.18 Thermal laggings such as asbestos.
Give illustrated examples of conditions under which electric shock would occur.
4.1.19 Explain and demonstrate the procedures to be used in the event of an accident to
include:
4.1.20 Disconnection of supply
4.1.21 Resuscitation methods
4.1.20 Administering first aid to cuts, burns, abrasion, etc.

4.1.21 Firefighting methods and types of firefighting equipment.
4.2 MATERIALS AND TOOLS
4.6.1 Refer to Common Workshop Practice Unit: Materials and Tools.
4.3 CABLES AND CABLE JOINING PROCESSES
4.7.1 Demonstrate the ability to terminate armoured cables using glands, shrouds etc.
4.7.2 Carry out various projects using the following cables:
- PVC single core

- MIMS cable
- Flat twin and earth
- Flexible cords
4.7.3 Identify and apply IEE regulations relevant to the usage of the above cable
regarding:
- Radius of bends
- Frequency of support
- Sizes of conductors
- Colour coding of conductors
- Earthing requirements
4.7.4 State the advantages and disadvantages of the various cable type and factors that
determine their selection.
4.7.5 Demonstrate methods of joining cables:
- Soldered joints
- Crimpled joints
- Mechanical joints to include Married joint, Tee joint and Britania.
4.7.6 Demonstrate the ability to solder using soldering iron and flux.
4.7.7 State relevant IEE regulations pertaining to the above joining processes.
4.7.8 Demonstrate the ability to terminate single core cable in the socket outlets lighting
points etc. using cable eyes, lags and block connectors.
4.4 CABLE ENCLOSURES
4.8.1 Describe the installation of steel conduit under the following headings:
- Bends
- Cutting and threading
- Cleaning of burns
- Running couplings
- Tee joints, outlet boxes, junction boxes.
- Accessories e.g. couplings, bushes, lock nuts, glands, flexible conduit, etc.
4.8.2 Apply relevant IEE regulation to the above.
4.8.3 Demonstrate the ability to use plump line and level to achieve straightness in an
installation.
4.8.4 Demonstrate ability to draw cables in a conduit installation according to IEE

Regulation.
4.8.5 Demonstrate the ability to install PVC conduct using appropriate accessories and
tools.
4.8.6 Apply relevant IEE and SAZ regulations.
4.8.7 Demonstrate the ability to carry out to accepted standards various projects using
trunking, bus-bars, cable trays and their associated fittings and tools.
4.8.8 Identify all IEE and SAZ regulations relevant to the above system.
4.8.9 Compare cable enclosures with relevance to construction and application.

4.5 DOMESTIC INSTALLATION
4.9.1 Construct:
- One-way switching
- Two-way switching
- Two-way and intermediate switching.
4.9.1 Demonstrate the use of:
- Time switch
- Dimmer switch
- Photo electric switch
in conjunction with the above lighting circuits.
4.9.2 Prepare a circuit schematic diagram, materials list, tools list and wiring diagram
for the circuit above.
4.9.3 Implement all the IEE and SAZ regulations relevant to the above installation.
4.9.4 Modify the installation 1.2.1 to include an intermediate switch and an additional
switching position.
4.9.5 Test the above circuit for earthing, insulation resistance and circuit continuity
(inspection, testing and commissioning).
4.9.7 Construct a four-socket outlet radial circuit according to IEE and SAZ
regulations.
4.9.8 Construct four socket outlets in ring circuit in accordance with IEE and SAZ
regulations.
4.9.9 Wire a supply board complete with circuit breakers, neutral bar, energy
meter main earthing terminal and neutral link.
4.9.10 Prepare a circuit diagram, tools and material list for the above installation.
4.9.11 Demonstrate knowledge of all relevant IEE and SAZ regulations to the above
installation.
4.9.12 Demonstrate an ability to maintain good workmanship especially in the cabling of

the board.
Wire a normally closed alarm circuit using two voltages.
4.9.13 Prepare the circuit diagrams and wiring diagrams for the project and make
up materials and tools list required to complete the task.
4.9.14 State and explain the advantages of using an extra low voltage to operate a low
voltage system.
4.9.15 Display knowledge of proper use of instruments and procedures to locate faults
put into the circuit by the instructor.
4.9.16 Modify the circuit to convert this system to normally open alarm circuit.
4.9.17 Display knowledge of all IEE and SAZ regulations relevant to the above
installation.
4.9.18 Construct a full house installation using a variety of installation methods and
materials to include:
- one way lighting circuit.

- one fluorescent lighting circuit.
- one cooker control unit.
- one water heater circuit
4.9.19 Prepare material list, tools list, schematic and wiring diagrams for the circuit
before it is commenced.
4.9.20 Identify all IEE and SAZ relevant to the above project.
4.9.21 Do visual inspection on all circuits wired.
4.9.22 Test the installation for polarity, earthing, insulation resistance, circuit continuity
using appropriate instruments.
4.6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
3.6.1 Produce and interpret circuit diagrams in electrical engineering.
3.6.2 Identify BS3939 symbols and state the meaning of each symbol.
3.6.3 Draw the relevant symbols for all relevant components.
3.6.4 Identify block and schematic diagrams.
3.6.5 Interpret all relevant information from given block and schematic diagrams.
a) Interpret and draw AC and DC motor control diagrams (face-plate starter,

thyristor control for DC motors only, DOL and Star-Delta starters
including sequential starting, auto-transformer and rotor resistance starter)
b) Identify and draw, using given data, simple installation plans.
c) Identify, read and interpret power distribution diagrams of one line and
three lines.
4.7 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
At the end of the unit, the student should be able to: -

a) Describe basic concept of programmable logic controllers, i.e. development of
PLC’s, hardware & software organization.
b) Describe the principle of operation of PLC’s
c) Demonstrate how to convert hardwired relay logic to programmable logic
d) Describe the interfacing of input & output signals between the controlled plant &
the PLC
e) Demonstrate the use of PLC programming languages.
f) Describe the function of the CPU & power supply modules as used in PLC’s.
g) Demonstrate how to install a PLC system & start it up.
h) Demonstrate how a PLC is programmed.
i) Demonstrate a typical system using PLC’s
4.8 MACHINES AND DRIVES
4.14.1 - Construct, using various materials a DIRECT-ON-LINE starter circuit for

both three phase and single-phase motors, using a dual voltage system and
start/stop.
- Add a remote start/stop station to the above circuit.

- Complete the tasks to specifications of IEE and SAZ regulation requirements.
- Draw schematic diagrams for the circuit to be constructed.
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of extra low voltage control
systems.
- Measure and record the starting currents of the motor and compare them.
- Configure & Demonstrate how a drive can be used to control motor speed.
- Compare the above currents with the nameplate readings of the motors.
- Determine the type and ratings of overload and over current devices used in
the above circuit and install them.
- Identify and apply all regulations relevant to the above circuit.
- Test the installation in logical and sequential manner, using appropriate
instruments and drawings to identify simulated faults.
4.14.2 Construct a sequential starting system using three-phase motor interlocks and
timers to start more than one motor sequentially, using a variety of materials.
- Draw a schematic and wiring diagram of the circuit and demonstrate the
following motor switching arrangements:
a) Mercury
b) Float
c) Limit
d) Magnetic
e) Proximity
f) Contacts/relays
4.14.3 Identify safety problems associated with automatic starting circuits and means to
overcome them.
4.14.4 State an alarm circuit must be incorporated to warn of the impending start of the
remotely controlled motor as a sequential starting system.
4.14.5 Construct a forward-reverse three-phase starter.
4.14.6 Construct a star-delta starter for a three-phase motor.
4.14.7 Connect a wound rotor three-phase motor to a variable resistance type of motor
starter.
4.14.8 Start a three-phase motor by means of an autotransformer.
4.14.9 Demonstrate the knowledge of different types of split-phase motors.
4.14.10 Demonstrate the principle of operation of DC motors by connecting them in

various modes.
4.14.11Demonstrate the principle of operation of DC generators to include methods of

coupling them to motors.
4.9 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS
4.12.1 Examine the constructional details of the different types of secondary cells and
identity the various parts.
- Demonstrate safe working procedures.

- Demonstrate correct method of dilution of electrolyte.
- Demonstrate correct maintenance procedures.
- Use hydrometer to determine relative density of electrolyte.
4.10 DISCHARGE LUMINAIRES
4.16.1 Connect a single fluorescent lighting circuit correctly as per schematic diagram.
- Explain with the aid of a neat-labeled sketch the function of the starter,
choke and capacitor in the circuit.
- Show the three operational positions of the starter switch with the aid of
the labeled diagram.
- Connect two fluorescent lights in parallel, correctly as per schematic
diagram in order to reduce stroboscopic effect.
4.16.2 Install and explain the operations of the following luminaries:

- High pressure mercury vapour
- High pressure sodium vapour
- Tungsten halogen lamp
4.11 HEATING APPLIANCES
4.17.1 Install and maintain the following appliances:

- One plate stove, two plate and cooker
- Iron
- Water heaters
- Heaters
4.17.2 Demonstrate the use of the following control devices:
- Three heat switches

- Six heat switch
- Simmerstat switch
- Oven heat switch
- Bimetallic switch
4.17.3 Identify and apply the relevant IEE and/or SAZ regulations related to the above.
4.12 FIELD TRIP
4.15.1 Visit at least two power installation sites.

TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING%

1 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 5
2 MATERIALS AND TOOLS 5
3 CABLES AND CABLE JOINING PROCESSES 5
4 CABLE ENCLOSURES 10
5 DOMESTIC INSTALLATION 15
6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 10
7 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS 10
8 MACHINES AND DRIVES 15
9 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS 5
10 DISCHARGE LUMINAIRES 10
11 HEATING APPLIANCES 5
12 FIELD TRIP 5
TOTAL 100%
Petruzella F.D. (2017) Programmable Logic Controllers McGraw Hill Publishing

Rockis G. (2014) Electrical Motor Controls for Integrated Systems American Technical
Alexander C.K. (2017) Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits McGraw Hill Publishing
Tyler, D. W. (2012) Electrical & Electronic Applications 2 Butterworth & Co. Ltd.
W. Bolton (2015) Programmable Logic Controllers, 4th Edition McGraw Hill Publishing
Lewis M.L. (2016) Electrical Installation Technology Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.
IEE Regulations 15 or 16th Edition
Z Wiring Regulations and code of Practice (latest edition)
Akintante L. (2010) Electrical InstallationsButterworth & Co. Ltd
Tyler, D. W. (2012) Electrical & Electronic Applications 2 Butterworth & Co. Ltd. London
Singh R. P. (2012) Electrical Workshop: Safety, Commissioning, Maintenance & Testing of
Electrical Equipment I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd
SUBJECT : PROJECT (ONE PROJECT TO BE NATIONALLY SET)
CODE : 321/18/S03
DURATION : 40 HOURS SUPERVISED TIME
1.0 AIM
The aim of the subject is to provide the student with knowledge and skills of the
Installation, Maintenance and Repair of electrical plant and equipment observing SHEQ
procedures.
2.0. OBJECTIVES
2.1 demonstrate proper workshop health and safety standards.
2.2 demonstrate the proper selection, use and care of all tools and apparatus common to
electrical craft tradesmen.
2.3 identify and select all materials and hardware common to electrical installation work.
2.4 transfer information from technical drawings and specifications to an installation.
2.5 construct and test circuits and apparatus common to electrical craft, consistent with
all relevant IEE Regulations.
2.6 supervise subordinates.

DESIGN LEGTH
40 hours supervised time.
3.0 PROJECT CONDITIONS
3.1 One project will be administered in all the centres
3.2 Project to be written.
3.2 Project should be a simulation of real plant/installation.
3.3 Field trip to be done for a specific project.
3.4 Students to defend their projects to interview panel.
4.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
4.1 identify and list the tools, equipment and materials used.
4.2 interpret and apply relevant wiring rules and regulations as SAZ and IEE.
- Calculate the size of cables and protective devices for a particular

circuit/installation or load.
- Calculate the number of luminaries and power points for a particular

circuit/load/installation
4.3 determine cable routes.
4.4 list, in logical sequence, the procedures to be taken when fault finding and/or
repairing electrical equipment and systems.
4.5 design a planned maintenance program based on the project.
4.6 draw electrical/electronic circuits using relevant symbols, e.g. BS3939.
4.7 test and commission electrical installation.

4.8 present a logical write-up based on the requirements as specified on the question
paper.
The examiners are advised to ensure that the project questions based on the
objectives are in line with the % mark allocation below. The total marks may be
up to 1000.
Objective – Percentage allocation of total mark.
1 - 5% 2 - 10% 3i) - 15% 3ii) - 15%
4 – 10% 5 – 5% 6 – 10%
7 – 10% 8 – 10% 9 – 10%

SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
CODE : 321/18/S04
DURATION : 144 HOURS
1.0. AIM
To enable the student to identify, formulate, and solve typical electrical mathematical
engineering problems.
.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
3.1 perform basic arithmetic and algebra calculations at National Certificate standard.
3.2 illustrate the relationship of algebraic equations and associated graphs.
3.3 define trigonometric functions, describe their properties and use them in
calculating some basic electrical engineering relationships.
3.4 define the base of a number and perform basic calculations in various number
systems.
3.5 apply various methods to simplify simultaneous equations.
3.6 apply complex number arithmetic to periods phenomenon.
3.7 define position and rotating vectors and illustrate their applications in electrical
engineering.
3.8 define a function and its derivative and use the derivatives to find extremes and
rates of change, applying the techniques to problems in electrical engineering.
3.9 define definite and indefinite integrals and perform basic integration with
applications, determination of areas under curves.
3.10 explain motion in terms of time, displacement, velocity and acceleration in a

straight line as well as a circle and perform basic relevant calculations.
3.11 define work, power, energy and efficiency and perform relevant calculations in
electrical energy, heat energy, kinetic energy and potential energy.
3.0. TOPICS
3.1 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION

3.2 ALGEBRA
3.3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
3.4 TRIGONOMETRY AND CIRCULAR MEASURE
3.5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
3.6 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
3.7 NUMBER SYSTEMS
3.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND VECTORS
3.9 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
3.10 CIRCULAR MOTION
3.11 WORK, POWER, ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY
3.12 EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION
4.1.1 - Bisect a line.

- Construct a perpendicular from a given point to a line.
- Divide a line into proportional parts.
4.1.2 - Define an angle.

- Identify the different types of angle.
- Bisect and angle.
- Construct specific angles without a protractor.
- Copy an angle.
4.1.3 - Define a circle.

- Identify parts of a circle.
- Find the centre of a given arc or circle.
- Draw a circle through any three point.
- Join straight lines with arcs.
- Join two or more arcs and circles.
4.1.4 a) Identify types of triangles.

b) Construct a triangle given
- The sides.
- Two angles and sides.
- Perpendicular height and the base.
c) Construct the following triangle:
- Inscribed
- Circumscribed
- Escribed
4.1.5 - Define a tangent.

- Construct internal and external tangents to any two circles.
4.1.6 a) Name the regular polygons up to eight sided.
b) Construct the above polygons using common and particular methods
given:
- The length of the sides.

- Outside a given circle.
- Inside a given circle.
c) Solve problems requiring application of the above constructions.
4.1.7 a) Describe an ellipse and state its parts.
b) Construct an ellipse given major and minor axes using:
- Trammel methods
- Auxiliary circle method
- Rectangular method
- Approximate method
- Focal point method
4.2 ALGEBRA
4.2.1 Plot a graph of a linear function and determine the gradient and intercept.
4.2.2 Determine the equation of a straight line given:
- Two points on a graph.

- Gradient and one point on a line.
4.2.3 Solve algebraically simple equations.

4.2.4 Solve algebraically linear simultaneous equations up to two unknowns by:
- Elimination
- Substitution
- Graphical method
- Determinant
- Matrix
4.2.5 Sketch curves related to:
- �𝑦 = � 𝑎𝑥 2 + �𝑘
- 𝑦 = � 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + �𝑘
4.2.6 Determine and classify turning points of a quadratic function from 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.
4.2.7 Solve simple quadratic equations in one unknown by:
- Factorization
- Quadratic formula
- Completing the square
- Graphical method
4.2.8 Determine the discriminant of a quadratic equation.
4.2.9 State the nature of roots of a quadratic equation.
4.2.10 State the difference between direct and inverse proportionality and solve related
problems including joint and partial variation.
4.2.11 Sketch graphs to illustrate direct and inverse proportionality.
4.2.12 State and illustrate properties of:
- Hyperbola
- Ellipse
- Circle
4.3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
4.3.1 Define indices and state the laws.
4.3.2 Evaluate and simplify expressions involving real number indices.
4.3.3 Define surds and rationalize denominators with surds.
4.3.4 Express numbers in standard form.

4.3.5 Define logarithms and state the laws of logarithms.
4.3.6 Evaluate and simplify expressions involving logarithms.
4.3.7 Define exponential functions and sketch graphs of exponential functions.
4.2.8 Define the natural number and establish it as a base for natural logarithms.
4.3.9 Sketch the graphs of ex and e-x.
4.3.10 Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.
4.3.11 Determine experimental laws by application of straight-line graphs

in the form: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑎𝑥 + �𝑏
4.4 TRIGONOMETRY AND CIRCULAR MEASURE
4.4.1 Define the six trigonometrical ratios of an angle.
4.4.2 Sketch graphs of sine, cosine and tangent.
4.4.3 Determine:
- Period
- Angular frequency
- Amplitude
- Phase angle of a sinusoidal function.
4.4.4 Convert radians to degrees and vice versa.
4.4.5 Apply relationships:
- 𝑆 = 𝑟𝜃
1 2
- 𝐴 = 2𝑟 𝜃
- 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡
4.4.6 Convert 𝜃-axis to time-axis in waveforms leading to Y = Asin (wt ± ∝) and

determine frequency and periodic time of waveforms and establish the
relationship between angular frequency (𝜔), frequency (f) and period (T) of a
function.
4.4.7 Determine trigonometrical ratios of any size of angle and associate them with the
four quadrants.
4.4.8 Derive and apply the fundamental trigonometrical identities:
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + � 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 = 1
- 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥
- 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡2 𝑥 = � 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑥
4.4.9 State and apply:
- Compound angle formulae.

- Double angle formulae.
- Factor formulae.
- T-angle formulae in proving simple identities.
4.4.10 State and apply sine and cosine formulae.
4.4.11 Solve trigonometrical equations of the form:
- sin 𝜃 = 𝑘�(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 − 1� ≤ 𝑘� ≤ 1)
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑘�(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 − 1� ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 1)
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃� + sin 𝜃 + 𝐶 = 0�(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒�𝐶�𝑖𝑠�𝑎�𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙�𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟).
4.4.12 Sine, cosine and tangent approximation for small angles.
4.4.13 Basic application of trigonometry to A. C. theory.
4.5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
4.5.1 Draw a curve and show tangent and normal at a point.
4.5.2 Determine the equation of tangent and normal at a given point on a curve.
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∆𝑦
4.5.3 - Define ∆𝑥�→𝑂 ∆𝑥 and show that it is the gradient function of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
- Apply the gradient function to obtain gradients of functions at particular

points of the function.
4.5.4 Differentiate from first principles functions with powers of x up to x3, sin x,
cos x,1n x and ex.
4.5.5 Differentiate by rule, a function of the form 𝑦 = � 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 + � 𝑏𝑥 𝑛−1 + � 𝑐𝑥 𝑛−2 + _ _ _
4.5.6 Differentiate:
- Function of a function
- Product
- Quotient
4.5.7 Determine and classify stationary points of a function using first and second
derivatives.
4.5.8 Apply differentiation in rates of change of quantities in the electrical engineering

trade.
4.6 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
1
4.6.1 State indefinite integrals of functions such as 𝑎𝑥𝑛 , 𝑥 , sin 𝑛𝑥, cos 𝑥�𝑎𝑛𝑑�𝑒𝑥 .
4.6.2 Integrate by substitution functions such as:
1
- (1+𝑥)𝑛
where n= 1 or n= 2
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑥)
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
- 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
-�𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
- �𝑒 𝑎𝑥
- 𝑙𝑛𝑎𝑥
4.6.3 Determine the area under a curve.
4.6.4 Determine the mean and root mean square value of a sine wave.
4.7 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND VECTORS
4.7.1 Define a complex number.
4.7.2 Evaluate the powers of the imaging number up to 𝑗5 .

4.7.2 Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers in Cartesian form
(include powers and roots).
4.7.3 Represent complex numbers in cartesian form and polar form on an Argand
diagram.
4.7.4 Interconvert between Cartesian and polar form.
4.7.5 Divide, multiply, complex numbers in polar form.
4.7.5 Apply complex numbers in solution of AC circuitry problems.
4.7.6 Distinguish among free vector, position vector, unit vector and component vector.
4.7.7 Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities giving examples.
4.7.8 Add and subtract vectors by:
- Triangular rule
- Parallelogram rule
- Polygon rule
4.7.9 Determine the scalar product of two vectors.
4.7.10 Construct a phasor from a sine wave.
4.7.11 Determine the resultant of a number of phasors
4.8 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
4.8.1 Define:
-Displacement
-Velocity
-Acceleration
4.8.2 Construct the velocity/time graphs and apply them to solve problems associated
with linear motion.
4.8.3 Apply the following equations in solving problems associated with linear motion:
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + �𝑎𝑡 2
2
2 2
𝑣 − 𝑢 = 2𝑎𝑠
4.8.4 Adapt equations in 4.8.3 for vertical motion under gravity.
4.9 CIRCULAR MOTION
4.9.1 State and apply Newton’s three Laws of motion.
4.9.1 Define angular velocity and constant angular acceleration.
4.9.2 Convert angular velocity to speed in revs per minute.
4.9.3 Connect frequency and period with angular velocity.
4.9.7 Relate angular motion to linear motion.
4.9.8 Apply the following equations of angular motion:
- ù = � ù0 + �á𝑡
1
- è = � 𝑤0 𝑡 + 2 �á𝑡 2
1
- ù2 − � ù0 = 2 áè
4.9.9 Relate torque to angular motion.
4.10 WORK, POWER, ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY
4.10.1 Define:
- Work done
- The Joule
4.10.2 Represent and determine work done on a force/distance graph for a

constant and uniformity variable force.
4.10.3 Determine work done by an oblique force.
4.10.4 Determine work done by a torque.

4.10.5 Define power.
4.10.6 Determine power required for rotation given torque and rotational speed.
4.10.7 Define efficiency in terms of:
- Power ratio
- Work ratio
4.10.8 Determine output power of a machine or system by brake pulley test.
4.10.9 Calculate efficiency of machine or system.
4.10.10 Define energy.
4.10.11 State and describe the relationship between energy and work done.
4.10.12 State and describe the common forms of energy:
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Heat
- Electrical
- Chemical
4.10.13 Apply the following formulae to calculate the following forms of energy:
- 𝑚𝑔ℎ - potential energy
1
- 2
�𝑚𝑣2 - kinetic energy.
- 𝑚𝑐∆è - heat gained d
- 𝑉𝐼𝑡 - electrical energy
4.10.14 State and apply the principle of conservation of energy.
4.11 EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

4.11.1 Scientific Calculator.
Mathematical Set
Ruler
Sharp pencil
TOTAL NO. TOTAL WEIGHTING%

1 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION 10
2 ALGEBRA 10
3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 10
4 TRIGONOMETRY AND CIRCULAR 10
MEASURE
5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 10
6 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 10
7 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND VECTORS 10
8 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND 10
ACCDERATION
9 CIRCULAR MOTION 10
10 WORK, POWER, ENERGY AND 10
EFFICIENCY
TOTAL 100%
6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
Bird, J. (2017) Basic Engineering Mathematics 7th Ed Elsevier Ltd
Stroud, K.A. and Booth, D.J. (2013) Engineering Mathematics Prentice Hall
Stroud, K.A. (2017) Advanced Engineering Mathematics McMillan UK
Davison R. (2017) Engineering Mathematics Pearson Education Limited

SUBJECT TITLE : ELECTRONICS
SUBJECT CODE : 321/18/S05
1.0. AIM
To enable the student to know and apply the fundamental principles of operation of
analogue and digital electronic systems
2.0 OBJECTIVES
3.1 select the right passive components appropriate for the particular application
3.2 explain doping and the effect of temperature and light on semiconductor materials
3.3 apply the pn junction as a rectifier diode, clipper/clamper zener regulator and opto
electronic devices
3.4 explain fault find and rectify repair BJT amplifier and switching circuits
3.5 explain, fault find and rectify repair FET amplifier and switching circuits.
3.6 apply the operational amplifier as voltage follower, inverting, non-inverting

summing amplifier, differential amplifier, integrator and comparator.
3.7 demonstrate knowledge of typical power semiconductor devices and select

appropriate components for specific control application.
3.8 demonstrate knowledge of fundamentals digital electronics

3.0 TOPICS
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS

3.2 PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
3.3 BASIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
3.4 THE PN JUNCTION DIODE
3.5 APPLICATION OF THE RECTIFIER DIODE
3.6 THE ZENER DIODE
3.7 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
3.8 THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
3.9 THE TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
3.10 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
3.11 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
3.12 BASIC MOSFET OPERATION
3.13 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
3.14 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
3.15 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
3.16 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATION
3.17 POWER ELECTRONICS
3.18 APPLICATION OF SCR
3.19 THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSTISTOR (UJT)
3.20 THE DIAC AND TRIAC
3.21 DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
3.22 DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES
3.23 LOGIC ELEMENTS
3.24 BOOLEAN
3.25 THE UNIVERSAL PROPERTY OF THE NAND/NOR GATES
3.26 KARNAUPH MAPS
3.27 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
3.28 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS
4.1.1 State that Electronics is that branch of Electrical Engineering which deals with
design, manufacture, operation and application of devices that handle electrons.
4.1.2 Give examples of application of electronic devices in Power Engineering,

Instrumentation and Control, Communications and Electronic Servicing.
4.1.3 Understand the concept of systems in Electronics:
- Audio (for example, Radio Communication)

- Computer (for example, Data Communication)
4.2 PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
4.2.1 RESISTORS
- State that resistors are passive components.

- State and draw the circuit symbols for the different types of resistors used
in electronic circuits:
a) Fixed Resistors
- Carbon composition
- Wire-wound
- Metal oxide
b) Variable Resistors
- Linear
- Logarithmic
c) Preset Resistors
- State and explain resistor specifications.

a) Nominal value (Use the E12 series).
b) Power rating.
c) Stability
d) Tolerance
- Tabulate the resistor colour and printed code (BS1852).
- Draw circuit symbols and explain the characteristics and applications of
non-linear resistors:
a) NTC and PTC thermistors.

b) Voltage dependent resistors.
c) Light dependent resistors.
d) Magneto-dependent resistors.
4.2.2 CAPICITORS
4.2.2.1 State the different types of capacitors (polarized and non-polarised).
- Fixed Capacitors
a) Paper
b) Mica
c) Ceramic
d) Polyester
d) Electrolytic
- Variable capacitors (i.e. air capacitors).
- Preset capacitors.
4.3.1 Explain capacitor specifications:
- Nominal values (use E12 series)
- Working voltage
- Tolerance
- Types of dielectrics
4.3.3 Describe the capacitor colour code and use it to determine the value of a
capacitor.
4.3.4 Describe the operation of the basic capacitor in DC and AC circuits (DC blocking,
AC bypass).
4.2.3 INDUCTORS
4.4.1 Briefly explain the concept of inductance.
4.4.2 Explain the principles of AC blocking/DC bypass as applied to the inductor.
4.4.3 State and describe the different types of inductors used:

- Air-cored.
- Iron-cored.
- Dust/ferrite cored.
- Laminated-core inductors.
4.4.4 Explain inductor specifications.

- Nominal value
- Frequency range
- Working current
4.3 BASIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
4.5.1 State the basic materials used in Electronics, for example, conductors,
semiconductors and insulators. Give examples in each case.
4.5.2 Using Bohr’s model of the atom with its constituent particles (electrons, protons
and neutrons), explain the energy band theory.
- Valence band
- Conduction band
- Forbidden gap
4.5.3 Doping.
- Doping materials used and how to create P-type and N-type

semi-conductor materials.
- Majority and minority charge carriers.

4.5.4 Describe conduction in electronic materials energy band theory.
- Intrinsic and extrinsic conduction.
- Effect of thermal agitation and lights on the conductivity of
semi-conductors.
4.4 THE PN JUNCTION DIODE
THE PN JUNCTION
4.6.1 Explain the formation of a PN junction.

4.6.2 Describe the formation of potential barrier and the depletion layer in an unbiased
junction.
4.6.3 Explain the effects of forward/reverse biasing a PN junction (using block symbol)
on:
- Currents
- Depletion region
- Barrier potential
4.6.4 Describe the effect of minority charge carriers on blocking current (reverse bias).
4.6.5 Describe the effect temperature on both the reverse and forward currents of a
diode.
4.6.6 Explain the Zener and avalanche effects.
4.6.7 Sketch typical forward and reverse-bias static characteristics of a PN diode and
draw the test circuit to obtain them.
4.6.8 Effect of temperature on the static characteristic of a diode.
4.6.9 Explain:
- Power dissipation in a diode, Pd.
- Maximum forward voltage, VF max.
- Maximum forward current, IF max.
- Peak inverse voltage, PIV.
4.6.10 Draw the equivalent circuit and characteristic of:
- An ideal diode.
- A diode when assuming a constant forward voltage drop Vf.
- A diode when assuming a constant forward voltage drop and a constant
forward resistance R1.
4.6.11 Derive the equation and draw the d.c. load line for a PN junction
diode.
4.6.12 Define and show how to obtain:
- Static resistance 𝑅𝑑 .
- AC or dynamic resistance.
4.5 APPLICATION OF THE RECTIFIER DIODE
4.7.1 Perform simple calculations and sketch the current and voltage waveforms
for diode in DC and AC circuits.
4.7.2 Demonstrate understanding of diode circuits in DC polarity protection.
4.7.3 Describe, with the aid of sketches, the operation of diode AC circuits:
- DC power supply block diagram.
- The half wave rectifier.
- The centre-tap full wave rectifier.
- The full-wave bridge rectifier.
4.7.4 Draw the input and output waveforms for the rectifier circuits above, assuming
sinusoidal inputs and a purely resistive load.
4.7.5 Calculate, for the rectifier circuits in 4.11.3 above:
- The average voltage 𝑉𝑑𝑐 and average current 𝐼𝑑𝑐 .
- Root-mean-square voltage 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 and root-mean square current 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠.
- Efficiency
4.7.6 Explain the need for filters in rectifier circuits.
4.7.7 Explain the operation of
- Capacitor filter.
- Choke filter.
- Choke-capacitor (LC) filter.
4.7.8 Define peak-to-peak ripple voltage 𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝 and the ripple factor.
4.7.9 Perform simple DC output and ripple voltage calculations assuming linear
discharge and zero charge time.
4.7.10 Explain the effect of capacitor size on diode peak currents and
peak inverse voltage.
Clipping and clamping circuits:
- Simple series and parallel diode clippers.
- Biased series and parallel diode clippers.
- Partial clipping.
- Biased double diode clippers.
- Positive and negative clampers.
4.7.12 Voltage Multipliers.
- Half wave and full wave voltage doublers.
- Voltage trippler.
4.6 THE ZENER DIODE
4.8.1 Explain the operation of the zener diode.

4.8.2 Draw the Zener diode characteristics to indicate the following parameters:
- 𝐼𝑍𝐾 , 𝐼𝑍𝑇 , 𝐼𝑍𝑀
- 𝑉𝑍
- Z (or 𝑍𝑍𝑇 )
4.8.3 Draw the equivalent circuit and characteristics of the Zener diode assuming a
constant Zener voltage and a constant reverse resistance 𝑅𝑍.
4.8.4 Explain the operation of the Zener diode as a voltage stabilizer.
4.8.5 Perform simple calculations on zener diode voltage stabilizer circuits.
- Varying load, fixed supply voltage.

- Varying supply voltage, fixed load.
4.8.6 Explain that the Zener voltage is temperature dependent.
4.8.7 Describe the application of the Zener diode as a clipper and perform simple
calculations.
4.7 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
4.9.1 Describe the basic construction and operation of optoelectronic devices; including
characteristics:
- Photoconductive cell (Light Dependent Resistor)
- Solar cell.
- Light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
4.9.2 Give applications of the optoelectronic devices in 4.14.1 above.
4.9.3 Describe operation and applications of the optocoupler; the need for isolating
electronic circuits.
4.9.4 Perform simple calculations on optoelectronic devices.
4.8 THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
4.10.1 The basic principles of operation of PNP and NPN transistors.

- Understand the construction and operation of the PNP and NPN transistors
(correct bias voltages).
- Describe transistor configurations – CBC, CEO and CCC.
- Define important transistor parameters.
a) Voltage gain (amplification).
b) Current gain.
c) Power gain.
d) Input and output impedance.
e) Phase relation.
4.10.2 Compare transistor configurations in terms of the parameters in 4.10.1 above.

4.10.3 Define the DC amplification factors ℎ𝐹𝐸 (â), and ℎ𝐹𝐵 ( ).
4.10.4 Derive the relationship between the two parameters in 4.10.3 above.
4.10.5 Draw and explain the static characteristics of an NPN transistor in the common
emitter mode and the circuit to obtain them. Indicate and explain cut off,
saturation and active regions.
- Determine the DC gain, ℎ𝐹𝐸 (â) from the output characteristics of an NPN
transistor.
- Explain the concept of thermal runaway in transistors and its effect on â
ℎ𝐹𝐸 .
4.9 THE TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
4.11.1 State how large output current and voltage in a transistor circuit can be controlled
by a small input voltage; common emitter circuit with a resistive load and DC
supply.
- State the bias conditions for switching the transistor on and off.
- Describe the principle of operation of transistor switching circuits
incorporating the following components:
a) Phototransistor (include construction and principles of operation).
b) Photodiode.
c) Photoconductive cell.
d) Solar cell.
e) Thermistors.
4.10 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
4.12.1 Understand the concept of small signal and power amplifiers.

4.12.2 Explain the principles of voltage and current amplification.
4.12.3 Explain the need for biasing transistor amplifier circuits; the quiescent point, Q.
4.12.4 Draw and explain the circuit diagram of a single-stage amplifier having a
resistance load, 𝑅𝐿 (CEC).
4.12.5 Show the relationship between input and output waveforms for the circuit in
4.12.4 above.
4.12.6 Describe transistor biasing methods and explain component functions:
- Fixed bias
- Self bias
- Potential-divider bias.
4.12.7 Determine bias conditions mathematically for a, b and c.
4.12.8 Derive the DC load line and draw it on to the output characteristics of an
amplifier (CEC).
4.12.9 Illustrate how the DC load line can be used to determine the operating point of an
amplifier.
4.12.10 Find the major BJT parameters from both characteristics and datasheet.
- 𝑃𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
- 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥
- 𝐼𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥
- ℎ𝐹𝐸
4.12.11 Draw the maximum power dissipation curve (hyperbola) on output characteristics.
4.12.12 Determine the operating region of a transistor in a given circuit.
4.12.13 Explain the function of transistor amplifier components.
4.12.14 Explain the effect of variations in the supply voltage, leakage current and load
resistance on the quiescent point, DC stabilization.
4.12.15 Apply graphical method for the estimation of current, voltage and power gain in a
BJT (CEC); the small signal AC amplifier.
4.12.16 Explain signal distortion in an amplifier circuit.
4.11 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
BASIC JFET OPERATION

4.13.1 State that the JFET is basically a voltage operated device.
4.13.2 State the devices’ advantages and disadvantages as compared to the BJT.
4.13.3 a) Describe, with the aid of a construction diagram, the operation of the JFET
(N channel and P channel devices).
b) Explain why thermal runaway is not a problem with FETs.
c) Sketch typical output and transfer characteristics of a JFET. Indicate the
cut off, ohmic and pinch off regions.
4.13.4 State the three FET configurations, that is, CGC, CSC, CDC.
4.13.5 Draw basic circuits to illustrate the configurations in 4.13.4 above; circuit to show
proper bias voltages.
4.13.6 Draw the circuit from which the transfer and the output characteristics of a
JFET can be obtained.
4.13.7 Define JFET parameters and determine them from output and transfer
Characteristics:
- 𝑃𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥; 𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑆 ; 𝑉𝐷𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑉𝑝 ; 𝑉𝑔𝑠(𝑜𝑓𝑓)

- Mutual conductance 𝑔𝑚 or 𝑌𝑓𝑠 .
- Drain resistance 𝑅𝐷 .
4.13.8 State that the transfer characteristics can be approximated by the

hyperbola.
𝑉𝐺𝑆 2 𝑉𝐺𝑆 2
𝐼𝐷 = 𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑆 (1 − 𝑉𝑃
) = 𝐼𝐷𝑆𝑆 (1 − � 𝑉 )
𝐺𝑆 (𝑂𝑓𝑓)
4.13.9 State that the product 𝑅𝐷 𝑔𝑚 . is known as the voltage amplification factor,
ì, of the FET, that is, ì = 𝑅𝐷 𝑔𝑚
4.13.10 Performs calculations on the FET using the relationship in 4.13.8 and
4.13.9 above.
4.12 BASIC MOSFET OPERATION
4.14.1 a) Understand the construction and operation of both the depletion mode
and enhancement – mode MOSFETs (P channel and N channel).
b) Find the major MOSFET parameters from both characteristics and

datasheets.
c) Draw the maximum power dissipation curve on the output
characteristics and determine the operating region of a FET in a given
circuit.
d) State that enhancement-mode MOSFETs are normally off devices whereas
depletion-mode devices are normally on devices.
e) Draw the circuit symbols for the four types of MOSFETs to show the
correct bias voltages.
4.14.2 Describe biasing methods for both JFETs and MOSFETs:
a) Simple bias.
b) Fixed bias.
c) Source-self bias.
d) Drain-self bias.
e) Potential divider bias.
4.14.3 Determine quiescent voltages and currents for the FET amplifier circuits
in 4.14.2 above.
4.14.4 Draw the DC load line on the output characteristics of a FET and use it to
determine the operating point, Q.
4.14.5 Explain the purpose of the input resistance 𝑅𝑖𝑛 and the drain resistance
𝑅𝐷𝑆 .
4.13 THE FET AS A SWITCH
4.14.1 Draw the circuit diagram to show how the FET can be used as a switch
(CSC). Explain the operation.
4.14.2 Explain possible applications of the FET switch.
4.14 THE FET AS AN AMPLIFIER
4.16.1 a) Draw the circuit diagram of a simple amplifier using a JFET in the
common-source mode.
b) Explain the principle of amplification, showing the relationship

between input and output waveforms.
4.16.2 Derive the formula for the voltage gain, 𝐴𝑣 , of an amplifier in the
common-source mode, that is, 𝐴𝑣 = −𝑔𝑚 𝑅𝑑
4.15 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
INTRODUCTION TO THE IC OPRATIONAL AMPLIFIER
4.18.1 State the basic difference between discrete component circuits and
integrated circuits (ICs).
4.18.2 Define the term Operational Amplifier.
4.18.3 Draw the block symbol of an Operational Amplifier.
4.18.4 Explain that the operational amplifier is used with feedback.
4.18.5 State that the operational amplifier basically amplifies the difference
between its input signals, that is, VO = A (V2 – V1).
4.18.6 State the ideal and practical properties of an Operational Amplifier:
- Input Resistance
- Output Resistance
- Open-Loop gain
- Bandwidth
- Offset voltage
4.18.7 Draw and explain the transfer characteristic of an Operational Amplifier.

4.18.8 Describe single-rail and dual-rail biasing techniques for the Operational
Amplifier.
4.18.9 Define the following terms and give mathematical formulae:
- Bias current.
- Differential Mode gain 𝐴𝑑 .
- Common-Mode gain,𝐴𝑐 .
- Common Mode Rejection Ratio, CMRR.
- Input offset voltage.
- Output offset current.
4.18.10 Perform simple calculations on items b, c and d in 4.18.9 above.
4.18.11 Use the 741 IC OP AMP as an example.
4.16 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS
4.19.1 Understand the virtual earth concept.
4.19.2 Derive the expressions and perform simple calculations for the voltage gain
of an OP-AMP when connected as a:
- Voltage follower
- Inverting amplifier
- Non-inverting amplifier
- Summing amplifier
- Differential amplifier.
4.19.3 Explain the need for matching the resistances of the inverting and non-
inverting inputs of an OP-AMP.
4.19.4 State the practical applications of the amplifier circuits in 4.19.2 above.
4.19.5 Describe how the OP-AMP can be used as a comparator (the OP-AMP as
a switch).
4.19.6 State practical applications of the OP-AMP comparator.
4.19.7 Explain the need for bypass capacitors in AC Operational Amplifiers.
4.17 POWER ELECTRONICS
THE SILICON-CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)
4.20.1 a) Describe the construction and operation of the SCR: Use transistor-
pair analogy.
b) State the methods for triggering the SCR:
- Using the resistance in the gate circuit.

- Using a diode.
- Using a neon discharge tube.
4.20.2 Draw and explain the conduction characteristics of the SCR.
4.20.3 Thyristor ratings:
- Voltage ratings
- Current ratings
- Gate ratings
4.20.4 Describe single phase power control and burst control. Draw input and
output waveforms.
4.20.5 Perform simple calculations on the circuits in 4.20.4 above:
- Firing angle
- Average load voltage and current
- Average power
4.20.6 Discuss commutation of SCR.

- Natural
- Anode current interruption
- Forced
4.18 APPLICATIONS OF THE SCR
4.21.1 DC/AC motor speed control

4.21.2 DC over voltage protection
4.21.3 Controlled rectification
4.19 THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR (UJT)
4.22.1 Describe the construction and operation of the UJT (including the formula
𝑉𝐸𝐵 = 𝑉𝑝𝑛 +ŋ𝑉𝐵𝐵
4.22.2 Draw the typical characteristic for the UJT.
4.22.3 Applications of the UJT:
- SCR triggering
- Relaxation oscillator: sketch waveforms to show the exponential charge
and discharge of the capacitor.
4.20 THE DIAC AND TRIAC
4.23.1 Describe construction and principle of operation.
4.23.2 Draw and explain conduction characteristics.
4.23.3 Explain triggering of SCR and TRIAC by phase-shift network and DIAC.
4.23.4 Explain simple phase shift control (TRIAC).
4.23.5 Draw voltage/current waveforms.
4.23.6 Compare the performances of the SCR and the TRIAC in phase control
applications.
4.21 DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
INTRODUCTION
4.24.1 Understand the difference between analogue and digital signals.
4.24.2 Give examples of digital systems.

4.22 DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES
4.25.1 Explain the evolution of number system: base, symbols, counting sequence and
positional weights (including both integers and fractions).
- Decimal number system

- Binary number system
- Octal number system
- Hexadecimal number system
4.25.2 Show the relationships between the number systems in 4.25.1 above.
4.25.3 Perform simple binary operations:
- Addition/subtraction
- Multiplication/division
- Subtraction using the 1’s and 2’s compliments.
4.25.4 Codes: Define:
- Bit, nibble, byte, word

- BCD and ASCII
4.23 LOGIC ELEMENTS
4.25.1 Explain, using symbols and truth tables, the operation of

logic elements.
- AND
- OR
- NOT
- NAND
- NOR
- EX-OR
- EX-NOR
4.25.2 Realize logic gates using diodes and transistors (for AND, OR and NOT
gates).
4.25.3 Compare, TTL and CMOS logic families (speed, power, fan-in, fan-out,
current and voltage).
4.24 BOOLEAN
4.26.1 Understand the relation between Boolean Mathematics and digital signals
(voltages) on wires.
4.26.2 Introduce Boolean variables, operations and expressions.
4.26.3 State Boolean laws and theorems:
- Boolean identities
- De Morgan’s theorems
4.26.4 Prove the identities and theorems in 4.26.3 above using truth tables.
4.26.5 Simplify Boolean expressions using the identities and theorem in 4.26.4
above.
4.26.6 Derive Boolean expressions from truth tables (Miniterms only) and logic
circuits.
4.26.7 Draw the logic circuits to generate Boolean expression.
4.25 THE UNIVERSAL PROPERTY OF THE NAND/NOR GATES
4.27.1 Demonstrate that NAND or NOR gates may be used to replace any other
gate.
4.27.2 Transform a logic network to use only one type of logic gate (NAND or
NOR).
- Graphical method: replaces each gate by its NAND/NOR equivalent.

- Analytical method using De Morgen’s Theorems.
4.26 KARNAUPH MAPS
4.28.1 Construct K-maps of up to four variables from truth tables and Boolean
expressions.
4.28.2 Simplify Boolean expressions of up to four variables using the K-map

method.
4.27 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
4.29.1 Define the term Combinational Logic.
4.29.2 Design simple combinational logic circuits.
4.29.3 Draw the timing diagram for simple logic circuits.
4.29.4 Appreciate Combinational logic application:
- Half and full decoder

- Encoders and decoders
(a) the diode matrix

(b) two-line to four-line; four-line to ten-line decoding.
(c) the seven-segment display
- Multiplexers and demultiplexers (Qualitative treatment using block

diagrams).
4.28 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
4.30.1 Explain the difference between combinational and sequential logic.
4.30.2 Explain the operation of Flip Flops (using NAND logic gates).
- SR FF
- D FF
- Clocked SR FF
- JK FF
- Master-slave JK FF (Block diagrams)
4.30.3 Draw truth tables and timing diagrams for the FFs in 4.30.2 above.
4.30.4 Explain interfacing of logic circuits
4.30.5 Explain the operation of the SR FF as a debouncing circuit.

4.30.6 Give practical applications of sequential logic circuits above.
4.30.7 Describe circuits to drive LEDs and relays and to obtain input from
switches.
TOPIC CONTENT WEIGHTING%
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO 15
ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS
PASSIVE ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
CAPACITORS
INDUCTORS
BASIC ELECTRONIC
MATERIALS
DIODES, DIODES THE PN JUNCTION DIODE 15
APPLICATIONS APPLICATION OF THE
AND RECTIFIER DIODE
OPTOELECTRONIC THE ZENER DIODE
DEVICES OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
TRANSISTORS AND THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION 20

TRANSISTOR TRANSISTOR
APPLICATIONS THE TRANSISTOR AS A
SWITCH
THE TRANSISTOR AS AN
AMPLIFIER
THE FIELD EFFECT
TRANSISTOR
BASIC MOSFET OPERATION
THE FET AS A SWITCH
THE FET AS AN AMPLIFIER
OPERATIONAL THE OPERATIONAL 10
AMPLIFIER AMPLIFIER
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
APPLICATIONS
POWER POWER ELECTRONICS 10
APPLICATIONS OF THE SCR
ELECTRONICS THE UNIJUNCTION

TRANSISTOR (UJT)
THE DIAC AND TRIAC
DIGITAL DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS 30
ELECTRONICS DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEMS
AND CODES
LOGIC ELEMENTS
BOOLEAN
THE UNIVERSAL PROPERTY
OF THE NAND/NOR GATES
KARNAUPH MAPS
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
TOTAL 100%
1 Floyd T.L. (2014) Electronic Devices and Circuit Prentice Hall New Jersey
2 Floyd T.L. (2015) Digital fundamentals Prentice Hall New Jersey
3 Horowitz, P. (2015) The Art of Electronics 3rd Ed Cambridge University Press
4 Bimbhra P.S. (2012) Power Electronics Khanna
5 Lang J. (2016) Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers
6 Forrest M (2017) Getting Started in Electronics Book Renter, Inc.
7 Scherz P (2016) Practical Electronics for Inventors McGraw-Hill Education
8 Platt C. (2015) Encyclopedia of Electronic Components Volume 2: LEDs, LCDs, Audio,
Thyristors, Digital Logic, and Amplification Maker Media, Inc
9 Platt C. (2017) Easy Electronics (Make: Handbook) Maker Media, Inc;
10 Cohen S. (2018) Make It, Wear It: Wearable Electronics for Makers, Crafters, and
Cosplayers McGraw-Hill Education TAB
SUBJECT : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
CODE : 321/18/S06
1.0 AIM
To provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of basic electrical principles.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
3.1 define basic electrical quantities and state their units.
3.2 solve DC circuit theory and them apply in simple networks.
3.3 demonstrate principles of electro-magnetic.
3.4 demonstrate knowledge of electric fields.
3.5 demonstrate knowledge of DC transients in simple RL and RC circuits.
3.6 apply single phase AC theory to solve problems involving reactive and non-
reactive quantities.
3.7 demonstrate construction and operation of single-phase transformers.
3.8 develop an understanding of the basic principles of three-phase theory and

measurement of power.
3.9 illustrate the construction, operation and application of single-phase and three-
phase machines.
3.10 demonstrate knowledge of the construction, operation and application of DC

machines.
3.11 illustrate the construction, principles of operation and application of commonly

used measuring instruments.
3.0 TOPICS
3.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY

3.2 DC CIRCUIT THEORY
3.3 MAGNETIC FIELD THEORY
3.4 ELECTRIC FIELD THEORY
3.5 DC TRANSIENTS
3.6 SINGLE PHASE AC THEORY
3.7 SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
3.8 THREE-PHASE THEORY
3.9 AC MACHINES
3.10 DC MACHINES
3.11 ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
3.12 LABORATORY
3.13 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY
4.1.1 describe the structure of a basic atom.
4.1.2 define an ion.
4.1.3 define electric charge and state its units.
4.1.4 define electric current and state its units.
4.1.5 state the relationship between charge and electric current (Q = I. t.).
4.1.6 differentiate between electro-motive force (emf) and potential difference (pd) and
state their units.
4.1.7 define the terms Volt, voltage drop, Coulomb and Ampere.
4.1.8 define resistance and resistivity. State the units of each.
𝑙
4.1.9 state the parameters of resistance (𝑅 = ñ 𝐴) and perform calculations.
4.1.10 define conductance as the reciprocal of resistance and state its units.
4.1.11 define temperature coefficient of resistance.

4.1.12 calculate temperature co-efficient of resistance at:
- 0 0C base
- è 0C base (base temperature other than 0 0C)
- Using change of base values.
4.2 DC CIRCUIT THEORY
4.2.1 differentiate between series and parallel connection of resistors.
4.2.2 calculate unknown voltages, currents and resistances in series networks.
4.2.3 Calculate unknown voltages, currents and resistances in parallel and series-
parallel networks.
- Describe the loading effect of the voltage divider.
4.2.4 - Differentiate between source voltage, open circuit voltage and terminal
voltage.
- Define internal resistance of a voltage source.
- Perform calculations using 𝑉� = �𝐸 − IR.
4.2.5 State Ohm’s Law (that is, basic form: opposition = cause divided by effect)
I=V/R.
4.2.6 Apply Ohm’s Law to electrical circuits.
4.2.7 - Differentiate between electric energy and power stating their units.
- Define:
a) The joule
b) The Watt
- Perform calculations involving electric power and electric energy

(that is, W = Q.V = I2R = V2/R = P.t.).
4.2.8 State and apply the following theorems in solving DC circuits:

- Kirchoff’s Laws (up to three branches).

- Supervision Theorem (up to three branches)
- Thevenin’s Theorem (including source conversion, ).
- Norton’s Theorem (including source conversion).
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (to include solutions on batteries,
Thevenin and Norton’s equivalent circuits).
4.3 MAGNETIC FIELD THEORY
4.3.1 State the uses of Permanent and Electro-magnets.
4.3.2 Sketch magnetic field patterns due to an electric current in:
- A straight conductor
- Two parallel conductors
- Solenoid
- Toroid (state application)
- Use corkscrew rule, right hand grip rules.
4.3.3 Define and perform calculations on the following:
- Magneto motive force, F (mmf)

- Magnetic field strength, H.
- Magnetic flux, ∅
- Magnetic flux density, B.
- Reluctance, (S).
- Permeability of free space, ì0.
- Relative permeability, ìr.
- Absolute permeability, ì.
State units where applicable.
4.3.4 Calculate the force:
- on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

- between two parallel current-carrying conductors.
4.3.5 Define magnetic hysteresis.

4.3.6 Explain the development of the hysteresis loop and define:
- Coercive force/ Coercivity

- Remanent magnetism/ Remanance
- Saturation flux density
4.3.7 State that the energy loss associated with hysteresis, i.e. hysteresis loss, is
proportional to the area of the hysteresis loop.
4.3.8 Draw and describe magnetic hysteresis loops for:
- Permanent magnetic materials e.g. hard steel.

- Soft iron materials
- Ferrite materials
State uses of the above materials.
4.3.9 Define a magnetic circuit.

4.3.10 Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of a magnetic circuit. Compare magnetic
and electric circuit parameters.
4.3.11 Perform calculations on series and parallel magnetic circuits.
4.3.12 With the aid of illustrations, explain:
- Magnetic leakage
- Magnetic fringing
- Magnetic screening
State practical applications;
4.3.13 Define magnetic leakage coefficient or factor.
4.3.14 Perform calculations in 4.3.11. incorporating leakage factor.
4.3.15 Define electro-magnetic induction.
4.3.16 State Faraday’s Laws of electro-magnetic induction.
4.3.17 Perform calculations on induced emf using:

𝑑∅
- E= 𝑑𝑡
- 𝐸 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛è
State that the polarity of the induced emf that can be determined using:
- Lenz’s Law
- Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
4.3.18 State Lenz’s Law.
𝑑𝑖 𝑑∅
4.3.19 Perform calculations using E = - L𝑑𝑡 = -N 𝑑𝑡
4.3.20 Define:
- Self inductance, L and state its units.

- The Henry, H.
4.3.21 Perform calculations using:
𝑁∅
- L= 𝐼
𝑁2 ì𝐴𝑁2
- L= 𝑆
= 𝑙
1 2
4.3.22 Calculate energy stored in a magnetic field i.e. 𝑊 = 2 𝐿𝐼 (J).
4.3.23 Define:
- Mutual inductance M and state its units.

- Henry in term of mutual inductance.
- 𝑀 = 𝐾√𝐿1 𝐿2 where K is the coupling coefficient.

𝑁1 𝑁 ì𝐴𝑁 𝑁
- M= 𝑆
= 𝑙1 2
𝑁 ∅
- M = 2𝐼 1
1
𝑑𝑖
- 𝐸2 = −𝑀 𝑑𝑡1
4.3.25 Describe series-aiding and series-opposition in magnetically coupled circuits and

state the dot rule.
4.3.27 𝐿 = 𝐿1 + 𝐿2
𝐿𝐴 −𝐿𝐵
4.3.28 M = 4
4.4. ELECTRIC FIELD THEORY
4.4.1 Define electrostatics.
4.4.2 Describe an electrostatic field.
4.4.3 Define electric field strength, E and state units.
4.4.4 Define capacitance, C and state units.
4.4.5 Describe capacitor action.
𝑄
4.4.6 Perform simple calculations involving C = 𝑉 and Q = It.
4.4.7 Define electric flux density, D and state units.
4.4.8 Define permittivity.
4.4.9 Distinguish between å𝑜 , å𝑟 �𝑎𝑛𝑑�å .
4.4.10 Perform calculations involving

𝑄
- 𝐷 = 𝐴�,�
𝑉
- ��𝐸 = 𝑑
𝐷
- 𝐸
= å0 å𝑟
4.4.11 Determine the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with n-plates using:
å𝑜 å𝑟 (𝑛−1)𝐴
C= 𝑑
4.4.12 Perform calculations on series and parallel capacitor networks.
4.4.13 Define dielectric strength and state units.
4.4.14 Define dielectric absorption.
4.4.15 Calculate energy stored in an electric field i.e. W = ½ CV2 = ½ QV Joules.
4.5 DC TRANSIENTS
4.5.1 Define the term ‘transient’
4.5.2 Explain how transients are produced by energy storing banks e.g. inductors and
capacitors.
4.5.3 Describe the transient response of inductor and resistor voltages, and current in a
series R-L dc circuit at switch-on.
4.5.4 Draw the transient growth and decay curves for the R-L circuit.
4.5.5 Define time constant of an R-L circuit.
4.5.6 Calculate the time constant of an R-L circuit.
4.5.7 Perform calculations using,

−𝑡⁄
- 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑒 ô
−𝑡⁄
- 𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉(1 − 𝑒 ô)
−𝑡⁄
- 𝑖 = 𝐼𝑜 (1 − 𝑒 ô)
4.5.8 Calculate rates of change of voltage and current and charge.
4.5.9 Describe the transient response for current decay in an R-L circuit.
4.5.10 Perform calculations using decay equations.
4.5.11 Describe the transient response of capacitor and resistor voltages, and current in a
series R-C dc circuit at switch-on.
4.5.12 Draw the transient growth and decay curves for an R-C circuit.
4.5.13 Define time constant of an R-C circuit.
4.5.14 Calculate the time constant of an R-C circuit.
4.5.15 Perform calculations using

−𝑡⁄
- 𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉𝑒 ô
−𝑡⁄
- 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉(1 − 𝑒 ô)
−𝑡⁄
- 𝑖 = 𝐼𝑒 ô
4.5.16 Describe the transient response when discharging a capacitor.
4.5.17 Perform calculations using discharge equations.
4.6 SINGLE PHASE AC THEORY
4.6.1 Define an alternating waveform.
4.6.2 Sketch the following alternating waveforms:
- Square, rectangular
- Saw tooth, triangular
- Sinusoidal
4.6.3 Explain why the sine waveform is called the AC waveform while other
waveforms are denoted by their descriptive terms.
4.6.4 Define, for alternating quantities, the terms:
- Periodic time
- Frequency
- Peak value
- Peak-to-peak value
- Cycle
1
4.6.5 Perform calculations using 𝑇 = 𝑓.
4.6.6 Describe the generation of a sinusoidal waveform.
4.6.7 Define the terms:
- Average value
- rms value
- Form factor
4.6.8 Perform calculations of terms in 4.6. 7. above.
4.6.9 Define the term ‘phasor’.
4.6.10 Represent sinusoidal quantities by means of phasors.
4.6.11 Perform phasor addition and subtraction using:
- Graphical method (to scale)

- Analytical method (resolving into vertical/horizontal components)
- Trigonometric identities.
4.6.12 Determine the phase relationship between voltage and current in a:
- Purely resistive network

- Purely inductive network
- Purely capacitive network
4.6.13 Define capacitive reactance, 𝑋𝑐 and inductive reactance, 𝑋𝐿 .
4.6.14 Define the term ‘phase angle’.
4.6.15 Draw phasor diagrams for R-L, R-C and R-L-C series circuits.
4.6.16 Determine the impedance, current and phase angle of each of the circuits in
4.6.15 above. State units of Z.
𝑉
4.6.17 Perform calculations using Pythagoras’ Theorem, trig-ratios and 𝑍 = .
𝐼
4.6.18 Define ‘resonance’ in series circuits.

4.6.19 Sketch, on the same axes, variation of 𝑋𝑐 , 𝑋𝐿 , R, Z, 𝑉𝑅 and I against frequency.
4.6.20 Calculate resonant frequency.
4.6.21 Define Q-factor and state its significance (i.e. selectivity).
4.6.22 Calculate Q-factor of a series network.
4.6.23 Draw the phasor diagrams for R-L, R-C and R-L-C parallel circuits.
4.6.24 Determine the impedance, currents and circuit phase angle from the phasor
diagrams.
4.6.25 Define ‘resonance’ in parallel circuits.
4.6.26 Calculate resonant frequency.
4.6.27 Define dynamic impedance.
4.6.28 Calculate dynamic impedance.
4.6.29 Define the Q-factor of a parallel circuit.
4.6.30 Calculate the Q-factor of a parallel circuit.
4.6.31 Define the following terms:

- True Power P
- Apparent Power S
- Reactive Power Q
- Power factor.
4.6.32 Draw the power triangle for the:
- R-L circuit
- R-C circuit
- R-L-C circuit
4.6.33 Calculate true power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor.
4.6.34 Explain power factor correction.
4.6.35 Perform calculations involving power factor correction (use of static capacitors
only).
4.7 SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
4.7.1 State the essential features of construction of power transformers.
4.7.2 Explain the principle of operation of an ideal transformer and use the relationship.
𝐸𝑝 𝑁 𝐼 𝑉
𝐸𝑆
= 𝑁𝑝 = 𝐼 𝑠 = 𝑉𝑝
𝑠 𝑝 𝑠
4.7.3 Draw and explain the no-load phasor diagram of a transformer.
4.7.4 Identify transformer losses and state how they can be minimized.
4.7.5 Draw and explain the following types of transformer windings and core
construction:
- Core type
- Shell type
- Concentric winding
- Sandwich winding
- Toroidal core
4.7.6 Describe open circuit and short circuit tests on transformers.
4.7.7 Perform calculations on transformer efficiency and voltage regulations.
4.7.8 Perform simple calculations involving no-load power and power factor, i.e. no-
load phasor diagram (see 4.7.3).
4.7.9 Describe the principle of operation of the auto-transformer and the current
transformer.
4.7.10 Compare the auto-transformer and the double-wound transformer.

4.8 THREE-PHASE THEORY
4.8.1 State the advantages and disadvantages of three-phase power supply.
4.8.2 Describe the generation of three-phase voltages and currents.
4.8.3 Draw the three-phase waveform and explain how the quantities are displaced by
1200 electrical from each other.
4.8.4 State the relationship between line and phase values of a three-phase network as:
- For Delta connection, VL = Vp and IL = √3 Ip.

- For Star connection, IL = Ip and VL = √3 Vp.
4.8.5 Draw phasor diagrams to show the symmetrical and balanced nature of three-
phase voltages.
4.8.6 Show, by phasor diagrams, analytically or trigonometrically, that the sum of line
or phase currents in a balanced three-phase system is zero.
4.8.7 - Calculate neutral current in a simple balanced and unbalanced three-phase

system.
- Calculate line and/phase currents in Delta and Star three-phase circuits.
4.8.8 Describe the measurement of power using:
- One wattmeter method

- Two wattmeter method
- Three wattmeter method
4.9 AC MACHINES
4.9.1 Draw diagrams of, describe the construction and operation of, and state the
applications of the:
- Universal motor/single-phase series motor.

- Shaded-pole motor.
- Single-phase synchronous motor.
- Split-phase motor.
- Capacitor start-capacitor run motor/capacitor motor.
- Repulsion motor.
- Servo motor.
- Multi-speed motor.
4.9.2 Explain methods of reversal of the single-phase motors in 4.9.1.
4.9.3 Draw diagrams and explain how the speed of a single-phase motor can be varied
using thyristors/ TRIAC’s.
4.9.4 Describe the construction of the stator and rotor of a three-phase machine.
4.9.5 Explain, with sketches, how a rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator.
4.9.6 Describe how torque is developed on the shaft of an induction motor.
4.9.7 Define synchronous speed, rotor speed and slip.
4.9.8 Perform calculations on synchronous speed, rotor speed, slip and efficiency.
(Calculations here to suit level of students).
4.9.9 State the difference between a three-phase cage rotor and three-phase wound rotor
induction motors.
4.9.10 Explain, with sketches, the construction and operation of three-phase synchronous
motor.
4.9.11 State applications of cage rotor motor, three-phase wound rotor motor and the
three-phase synchronous motor.
4.9.12 Describe copper and iron losses and relate these to efficiency.
4.9.13 Distinguish between total torque developed and shaft torque.
4.10 DC MACHINES
4.10.1 Draw a diagram to show the main features of a DC machine (general

construction).
4.10.2 Draw circuit diagrams of series, shunt, separately excited and compound motors.
4.10.3 Describe Lap and Wave winding of DC machines.

4.10.4 State the emf, the power and torque equations of DC motors in 4.10.3.
4.10.5 Explain commutation related to correct adjustment of brush position and state
methods of achieving good commutation.
4.10.6 Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the load characteristics of DC motors in 4.10.2.
(Students expected to draw speed-torque and torque-current).
4.10.7 State the applications of DC motors in 4.10.2.
4.10.9 E = V + Ia Ra
4.10.10 E = V – IaRa
2𝑍𝑃𝑁Φ
4.10.11 E= 𝐶60
4.10.12 Define armature reaction.
4.10.13 State the effects of armature reaction.
4.10.14 Explain the methods of minimizing armature reaction.
4.10.15 State the losses of DC motors.
4.11 ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
4.11.1 Describe the construction, principle of operation and application of the following
instruments:
- Moving Coil
- Moving iron
- Thermocouple
- Watt meter
- Energy meter
- Digital voltmeter (simple block diagram)
4.11.2 State advantages and disadvantages of moving coil and moving iron instruments.
4.11.3 Compare the digital and analogue instruments.
4.11.4 Define sensitivity of an instrument.
4.11.5 Explain the following common errors in measuring instruments that is errors due
to:
- Limitations of the instrument.
- The Operator
- The instrument disturbing the circuit.
4.11.6 Explain the methods of extending the range of instruments in 4.11.1.
4.11.7 Perform calculations in extending the range of instruments.
4.12 LABORATORY
4.12.1 Use measuring instruments i.e. DMM, CRO, OHMMETER, VOLTMETER,

AMPMETER.
4.12.2 Measure/verify voltage drops in series and parallel-connected resistors.
4.12.3 Verify:
- Ohm’s Law
- Kirchhoff’s Laws
- Superposition Theorem
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
4.12.4 Map field patterns around permanent magnets and electro magnets.
4.12.5 Plot curves for capacitor charging and discharging.
4.12.6 Demonstrate the effect of time constant on integrators and differentiator RC

circuits.
4.12.7 Show the variation of reactance with frequency and determine resonant
frequency.
4.12.8 Measure power in three phase systems using:

- One wattmeter
- Two wattmeters
- Three wattmeters
4.12.9 Determine transformer efficiency from open and short tests.
4.12.10- Demonstrate secondary cell charging.

- Determine battery efficiency.
- Connect cells in series and parallel.
4.12.11 Overhaul and assemble:
- Elementary AC and DC generators.

- DC motor with and without interpoles.
- Single phase motors.
- Three phase induction motor.
- Three phase synchronous motor.
- Motor generator set.
4.12.12 Plot torque-current curves for motors.
4.12.13 Plot speed-current curves for machines.
4.13.1 Trainer Kits (Motors and Generators).
4.13.2 Battery Chargers.
4.13.3 Rheostats.
4.13.4 Power Supplies (Variable: both AC and DC).
4.13.5 Measuring and testing instruments (ampmeters, voltmeters, ohmmeters,

DMM, CRO) etc.
4.13.6 Vero-boards.
4.13.7 Simulation software.
4.13.8 Drives (AC) and DC


1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY 10
2 DC CIRCUIT THEORY 10
3 MAGNETIC FIELD THEORY 10
4 ELECTRIC FIELD THEORY 10
5 DC TRANSIENTS 10
6 SINGLE PHASE AC THEORY 10
7 SINGLE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS 5
8 THREE-PHASE THEORY 5
9 AC MACHINES 15
10 DC MACHINES 10
11 ELECTRICAL MEASURE INSTRUMENTS 5
TOTAL 100%
1 J.O. Bird (2012) Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology Butterworth Heinneman xford
2 Ashby D. (2009) Electrical Engineering 101 Butterworth Heinmann Oxford
3 Knight S.A. (2014) Electrical and Electronic Principles 2 Prentice
4 Petruzella F.D. (2017) Programmable Logic Controllers McGraw Hill Publishing
5 Rockis G. (2014) Electrical Motor Controls for Integrated Systems American Technical
6 Alexander C.K. (2017) Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits McGraw Hill Publishing
7 Boylestad R. L. (2016) Introduction to Circuit Analysis Prentice Hall
SUBJECT : COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER SKILLS
CODE : 321/18/S07
DURATION : 80 Hours
2.0 AIM (S)
2.1 To promote and encourage computer literacy for all Electrical Engineering students.
2.2 To enable the student or trainee to master the basic concepts of the operation of the
computer.
2.3 To develop an ability to communicate in written and other forms of communication
2.4 . To prepare the students for their roles as competent employees with basic
managerial skills.
2.5 To give the student a basic understanding of the complexity and the organization of
business.
2.6 To give the students a working knowledge of purchasing, stock, production and
quality control.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
PART 1: COMPUTER SKILLS
1.1 demonstrate an understanding of computer functions.
1.2 show an understanding of the function, use of computer equipment and

accessories.
1.3 state the main functions of each of the underlisted internal components of a
computer system unit.
1.4 to set up a personal computer and install software.
1.5 demonstrate an understanding of various ways of handling computer equipment

and resources.
1.6 explain different types of software.
1.7 perform operations using appropriate DOS commands.
1.8 perform Windows operations.
1.9 use computerized data processing packages to compile process, store and output
business management information: WORD.
1.10 As 2.9 for SPREADSHEET.
PART II COMMUNICATION
1.11 classify forms of communication.
1.12 identify sentences and paragraphs.
1.13 read and comprehend.
1.14 identify form of spoken communication.
1.15 state the various types of meetings.
1.16 write business letters.
1.17 prepare a report.
1.18 identify the structure of a business organization.
1.19 explain the basic statutory requirement with regards to conduct, employment and
condition of service.
1.20 appreciate the administration of the acquisition and control of stock to safeguard
the flow of production.
DESIGN LENGTH
Part 1 : 45 hours
Part2 : 35 hours
TOTAL : 80 hours
3.0 TOPICS
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS.
COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
CONFIGURATION
COMPUTER SECURITY
SOFTWARE
DOS
WINDOWS
DATA PROCESSING: WORD
DATA PROCESSING: SPREADSHEET
PART 2: COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE
SUMMARY AND COMPREHENSION
SPOKEN COMMUNICATION
MEETINGS
BUSINESS LETTERS
REPORTS
BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS
LEGISLATION AFFECTING EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES.
BASIC STORES MANAGEMENT
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
4.1.1 define a computer in general terms.
4.1.2 to explain the functions of a computer in terms of:
- Receiving (and storing) data

- Processing data
- Outputting data
4.2 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
4.2.1 state the function of the under listed computer components, input and output
devices.
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Visual Display Unit (VDU)
- Printers
- Plotters, for example, graph plotters.
- Magnetic ink character readers (MICR)
- Optical Character Readers (OCR)
- Bar Code Readers
- Touch screens
- Joystick
- Light pens.
- Casing
- System Fan
- CPU Fan
- Heat Sink
- Peripheral control cards
- Interconnecting cables
- Serial, parallel and game ports
4.1.2 describe the way static charge is accumulated, the way in which it can damage
components and the precautions which should be taken.
4.3 COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
4.3.1 state the main functions of each of the under-listed internal components of a
computer system unit:
- Motherboard (ROM, RAM, Processor, Chipsets, Expansion slots)

- Power supply unit (AT & ATX)
- hard disk drive
- floppy disk drive
- CD-ROM drive
- Processor
4.3.2 distinguish between internal and external data storage media used with computers.
4.4 CONFIGURATION
4.4.1 configure/install new hardware, for example, hard drive.
4.4.2 install/set-up the windows operating system.
4.4.3 install application packages, for example, Microsoft Word.
4.4.4 connect peripherals, for example, printers.
4.5 COMPUTER SECURITY
4.5.1 explain safety precautions to be taken when handling disks.
4.5.2 define the term ‘virus’ and give examples.
4.5.3 explain the effects of the underlisted conditions on computer equipment and
accessories:
4.5.4 food and dust particles on keyboard.
4.5.5 excessive heat on data storage media.
4.5.6 excessive humidity in a room where the computer is housed.

4.5.7 strong magnet near data storage media.

4.5.8 viruses on data and software.
4.6 SOFTWARE
4.6.1 define software.
4.6.2 explain the following types of software:
4.6.3 operating system software: DOS and Windows.
4.6.4 application software.
4.6.5 state the main difference between DOS and Windows operating system.
4.6.6 Explain the following server software: Windows and Linux
4.7 DOS
4.7.1 perform the under listed operations using appropriate commands:
4.7.2 list files and directories which are on the main Hard Disk.
4.7.3 list all files whose names begin with a given letter.
4.7.4 list all files with a given file extension (for example, ---exe, ---com, ---doc).
4.7.5 create a directory on C:\drive.
4.7.6 copy a file from a floppy (normally A:\drive) to a specified directory on C:\drive
– and vice versa.
4.7.6 copy all files simultaneously from A:\drive to a specified director on C:\drive and
vice-versa.
4.7.7 create duplicate copies of a diskette set.
4.7.8 rename a given file or directory.
4.7.9 delete a specified directory or file.

4.7.10 change a file attribute to “Read Only” and vice-versa.

4.7.11 display the autoexec-bat file on screen.
4.8 WINDOWS
Perform the under-listed WINDOWS (XP Professional and later) operations:
4.8.1 launch Windows Explorer.
4.8.2 create a folder/directory on C:\drive.
4.8.3 move a given file to a specified folder.
4.8.4 copy a group of files from C:\ to A:\ drive and vice-versa.
4.8.5 create a start-up diskette.
4.8.6 create duplicate copies of a diskette set.
4.8.7 rename a given file or folder.
4.8.8 change a given file’s attributes to “Read-Only” and vice-versa.
4.8.9 create a Desktop short-cut to a specified file.
4.8.10 install an anti-virus programme.
4.8.11 scan C:\drive for computer viruses.
4.8.12 go to DOS from the desktop.
4.9 DATA PROCESSING: WORD
State the meaning of word-processing and give two examples of word-processing

packages.
Use a Word-processing package to compile a short business letter.
Format given text to:

4.9.1 Block or select specified text.
4.9.2 Make selected/block text bold.

4.9.3 Underline selected text.
4.9.4 Italicise selected text.
4.9.5 Change blocked text front size or font type as required.
4.9.6 Change selected text to super- or sub-script as required.
4.9.7 Save compiled document to appropriate folder on C:\drive.
4.9.8 Create tables.
4.9.9 Print documents.
4.10 DATA PROCESSING: SPREADSHEET
4.10.1 Describe what a spreadsheet is and give two examples of spreadsheet packages
currently in general use.
4.10.2 Describe the spreadsheet page layout (columns, rows and cells).
4.10.3 Describe how to change row sizes.
4.10.4 Enter simple formulas in a cell.
4.10.5 Use the Copy and Paste tool to duplicate cell contents in another part of a
worksheet.
4.10.6 Use a spreadsheet package (software) to prepare a record of television sets

successfully repaired by each of six journeypersons per week for a given month.
4.10.7 Prepare (format) a spreadsheet page to receive and manipulate stock control data
under the following headings:
4.10.8 Journeyperson’s name.

4.10.9 Unit description.
4.10.10 Quantity drawn.
4.10.11 VCR serial number.
4.10.12 Client’s name.
4.10.13 Job card number.
4.10.14 Stores person (name)
4.10.15 Previous stock (quantity).
4.10.16 Current stock (after deduction).
4.10.17 Re-stock threshold level
Note Well. Stocks should automatically decline according to quantities drawn.

Restocking by 100 units should be effected once threshold level is reached.
4.10.18 Sort selected data in ascending or descending order.
4.10.19 Use the following functions:
4.10.20 Sum
4.10.21 Average
4.10.22 Standard deviation
4.10.23 Count
4.10.24 Round
4.11 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN SOFTWARE
4.11.1 Introduction to design software

4.11.2 Load design software like photoshop, corel draw
4.11.3 Design simple documents using the design software
4.11.4 Design simple circuits using MATLAB

4.11.5 Use simulation software like Agilent ADS
PART 2: COMMUNICATION
4.11 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
4.11.1 To define forms of communication:
4.11.2 Interpersonal communication
4.11.3 Intrapersonal communication
4.11.4 Extrapersonal communication
4.11.5 Mass communication
4.11.6 To explain communication theories.
4.11.7 To explain the models of communication.
4.11.8 To define:
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Decoder
- Feedback
4.11.9 To explain communication breakdown.
4.12 LANGUAGE
4.12.1 To construct sentences and paragraphs.
4.12.2 To define linguistic abusage.
4.12.3 To identify style and tone.

4.12.4 To use appropriate business terms.
4.12.5 To use reference books.
4.13 SUMMARY AND COMPREHENSION
4.13.1 To pick out the important facts in a passage.
4.13.2 To summarise passage.
4.13.3 To explain terms out of context.
4.14 SPOKEN COMMUNICATION
4.14.1 To Use the telephone.
4.14.2 To pronounce and enunciate.
4.14.3 To talk audibly.
4.14.4 To appreciate the use of verbal communication in:
- Interviews
- Appraisal
- Reward
- Counselling
- Grievances
- Reprimands
- Dismissal
- Termination
4.15. MEETINGS
To explain the following:
4.15.1 Formal (private/public) meetings.
4.15.2 Committee meetings

4.15.3 Command meetings
4.15.4 To convene the meetings in 4.15.3
4.15.5 To write notices, agenda and minutes.
4.15.6 To explain the procedures of meetings.
4.15.7 To define the role of the:
- Chairperson
- Secretary
- Treasurer
4.16 BUSINESS LETTERS
4.16.1 To classify business letters.
4.16.2 To write:
- Person to firm.
- Firm to person
- Firm to firm
- Inquiry letter
- Quotation letter
- Order letter
- Delivery letter
- Collection letter
- Memorandum
- Complaint and adjustment letter.
4.16.3 To prepare curriculum vitae.
4.17 REPORTS
Write the following reports:
4.17.1 Progress/routine reports.
4.17.2 Technical reports

4.17.3 Recommendatory reports.
4.17.4 Accident reports.
4.18 BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS
4.18.1 To describe the contribution of the departments to the enterprise as a whole.
4.18.2 To describe the role of the division of labour.
4.18.3 To appreciate the need for co-operation flow of information, communication and
feedback between departments.
4.18.4 To appreciate the role of leadership styles, work ethics and human relations to the
success of the enterprise.
4.19 LEGISLATION AFFECTING EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES
4.19.1 Appreciate the:
4.19.2 Health and Safety Act
4.19.3 Factories Act
4.19.4 Workman’s Compensation Act
4.20 BASIC STORES MANAGEMENT
4.20.1 To differentiate between equipment, tools, consumables and working capital.
4.20.2 To explain the purpose of requisition and ordering procedures.
4.20.3 To appreciate the need for material, handling and storage specifications.
4.20.4 To understand the effect of depreciation on equipment, capital equipment and the
flow of production.
4.20.5 To prepare workshop and log book records.

4.20.6 Interpretation of electrical circuit symbols and diagrams

1 COMPUTER SKILLS 55
2 COMMUNICATION 45
TOTAL 100%
6.0. SUGGESTED REFERENCES
1 Bishop, P.(2010) Computer Science Nelson United Kingdom

2 Bradley, R. (2014) Understanding Computer Science Stanley Thornes United Kingdom
3 Bryant R.E. (2016) Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective Macmillan Press
4 Chapman, O. (2011) Data Processing and Information Technology Pearson
5. Giblin, L. (2010) Skill with people Embassy Books
6 Taylor, M. (2017) How To Analyze People Make Profits Easy LLC
7 Kernighan P. (2015) The UNIX Programming Environment Pearson
8 Markel M. (2015) Technical Communication 11th Ed Bufallo
9 Tebtauk E. (2015) Essentials of Technical Communication 3rd Ed Embassy Books
SUBJECT : ENGINEERING DRAWING
CODE : 321/18/S08
DURATION : 80 Hours
1.0 AIM
2.0 OBJECTIVES:
a. explain and apply the basics of engineering drawing equipment, types of lines,
lettering, the relevant conventional standards, etc.
b. produce pictorial drawings and sketches.
c. convert orthographic projection drawings to pictorial views and vice-versa.
d. produce and interpret section drawings.
e. produce and interpret block and schematic diagrams of electronic, electrical and
instrumentation drawings.
f. use AutoCAD concepts to draw all diagram done on the drawing board.
-
3.0 TOPICS
1 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
2. ORTHOGRAPHIC
3. SECTIONING
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
5. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD
6. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING
4.1.1 explain and apply the basics of engineering:

- drawing equipment
- types of lines
- lettering
- the relevant conventional standards
- numbering and dimensioning
4.1.2 state the importance of presenting drawings to standard.
4.1.3 state the advantages of using drawings as means of technical communication.
4.1.4 identify and state the different pencil grades used for drawing particular lines, arcs
and circles.
4.1.5 identify and state the standard paper sizes used in Engineering Drawing.
4.1.6 copy to a given scale.
4.1.7 identify, use and list drawing instruments and equipment as e.g. compass, set
square, T rule, drawing board.
4.1.8 identify the different types of lines.
4.1.9 state the use of the different types of lines.

4.1.10 draw the different types of lines using the appropriate pencil grades.
4.1.11 produce clear and uniform freehand letters and numerals in accordance with
BS308.
4.1.12 draw border lines.

4.1.13 draw title, blocks and print required information.
4.1.14 position views on paper.
4.1.15 show a working knowledge of BS308: 1972 to Publication PD 7308: 1978.

4.2 PICTORAL DRAWING
4.1.1 State the advantages of pictorial drawings.
4.1.2 State the two types of pictorial views i.e. isometric and oblique.
4.1.3 Identify isometric and oblique drawings and sketches.
4.2.4 Sketch and draw simple engineering components in oblique and isometric views.
4.3 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
4.3.1 Define projection.
4.3.2 Describe how to obtain views in orthographic projection, i.e. first angle and third
angle.
4.3.3 Explain the difference between first and third angle orthographic projection.
4.3.4 Select the side most suitable to be the front view.
4.3.5 Appreciate the possibilities of various numbers of views to completely describe

objects.
4.3.6 Illustrate the positioning (layout) of the views on paper.
4.3.7 State and illustrate the different methods of dimensioning.
4.3.8 State and illustrate the basic rules of dimensioning.
4.3.9 Illustrate the acceptable layout of dimensions.
4.3.10 Interpret all relevant information from given first and third angle orthographic
views.
4.3.11 Sketch and draw objects in first and third angle projection, including hidden
details.
4.3.12 Dimension the sketches and drawings according to standard conventions.

4.3.13 Convert or orthographic draws (first and third angle) to pictorial views (isometric
and oblique) and vice versa.
4.4 SECTIONING
4.4.1 State the reasons for sectioning.
4.4.2 State the general rules to be observed when sectioning.
4.4.3 Identify and state the different types of sections.
4.4.4 List features which are not sectioned.
4.4.5 Illustrate the correct methods of hatching.
4.4.5 Interpret relevant information from given section drawings.
4.4.6 Sketch and draw sectional views of simple engineering components.
4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
4.5.1 Produce and interpret circuit diagrams in electrical, computer, electronic and
instrumentation and control engineering.
4.5.2 Identify BS3939 symbols and state the meaning of each symbol.
4.5.3 Draw the relevant symbols for all relevant components.
4.5.4 Identify block and schematic diagrams.
4.5.5 Interpret all relevant information from given block and schematic diagrams.
4.5.6 a) Power Engineering:
- Interpret and draw AC and DC motor control diagrams (face-plate

starter, thyristor control for DC motors only, DOL and Star-Delta
starters including sequential starting, auto-transformer and rotor
resistance starter)
- Identify and draw, using given data, simple installation plans.
- Identify, read and interpret power distribution diagrams of one line
and three lines.
b) Instrumentation:
- Identify BS3939 symbols on given circuit diagrams/process loops

and interpret all relevant information from circuit diagrams.
- Draw, from given data, circuit diagrams/process loops using
BS3939 symbols (temperature, pressure, level, pH and flow rate).
- Interpret and draw block diagrams of PLC monitoring systems.
c) Electronic Engineering:
- Interpret and draw circuit symbols for input and output

transducers, for example, microphones and loudspeakers.
- Interpret and draw circuit symbols for filters, amplifiers,
Op-amps.
- Interpret symbols for power and signal lines and ground.
- Interpret and draw functional and block diagrams of receivers and
transmitters, for example, radio receiver and T.V.
- Interpret and draw digital symbols and circuits (British and
American), for example, multiplexers, coders, decoders and
demultiplexers.
d) Computer Systems:
- Draw the symbols of various electronic components

- Detailed block diagram of a computer
- Drawing and component layout of motherboard, display card,
Ethernet card, etc
- Lay out of key board
- Front and Rear view of System Unit of PC, Monitor, FDD, HDD,
Modem, Printers
- Pin diagram of various connectors & cables used in personal
computer.
4.6 INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD ELECTRICAL
Apply AutoCAD on the following Engineering Skills:

- Electrical circuit diagrams and symbols
- Pictorial drawings
- Orthographic
- Sectioning
8.1.1 Drawing boards
8.1.2 T-square
8.1.3 Set squares (450 and 600)
8.1.4 Precision Compasses and dividers.
8.1.5 French curves
8.1.6 Rules and templates
8.1.7 Protractor
8.1.8 Drawing pins
8.1.9 Set of pencils
8.1.10 Eraser
8.1.11 Stick-stuff
8.1.12 Computers
8.1.13 Software packages
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING

%
1 INTRODUCTION 10
2 PICTORIAL DRAWINGS 20
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC 20
4 SECTIONING 20
5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 15
6 INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD ELECTRICAL 15

TOTAL 100%

1. Yarwood (2013) Geometrical & Technical Drawing Book 1 & 2, Thomas Nelson
Son Hong Kong
2. Blackie, B. (2018) Technical Drawing Blakie & Son Harare
3. French, Svensen, Helsen & Urbanick (2016) Mechanical Drawing, 8th ed McGrawHill
4. Michael N. (2012) Basic Electrical Installation, 3rd ed. Macmillan Press
5. Morling, K. (2013) Geometric & Engineering Drawing Macmillan Press
6. Panchal V.M. (2014) Engineering Drawing 53rd Ed Chorotar Publishing House
7. Bhatt N.D. (2014) Machine Drawing Chorotar Publishing House
8. Bland, S. (2016) Graded Exercises in Technical Drawing. Macmillan Press
9. Verma, G. (2016) AutoCAD Electrical 2016 Black Book.

321.18.CR.0 NC Electrical Power Engineering 2018

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING 321/18/CR/0

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

Course Code: 321/18/CR/0

Implementation date: January, 2019

1. Tendo Electronics and Power Engineering (pvt) ltd 2018

2. Dunlop Zimbabwe (pvt) ltd 2018

3. Zimbabwe Electricity Distribution Power Company 2018

4. National Railways of Zimbabwe 2018

5. Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers 2018

6. Trojan Nickel Mine 2018

7. National Breweries 2018

8. Mimosa mining company (pvt) ltd 2018

9. Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority 2018

10. Freda Rebecca Gold Mine 2018

PART 1: COURSE REGULATIONS

1.0 TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

National Certificate in Electrical Power Engineering

By the end of the course the students should be able to:

3.2 repair electrical equipment implementing safety regulations in the workshop.

3.4 manipulate engineering data using mathematical concepts.

3.5 build electronic circuits.

3.6 use electrical principles in the electrical and electronic industry.

3.7 communicate with other personnel in the organization using standard

3.11 demonstrate the practical application of electrical power engineering field

SUBJECT TITLE CODE NOTIONAL

6.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

7.0 MODE OF STUDY

Part time : 1368 notional hours

Block Release : 1368 notional hours

ODeL : 1368notional hours

8.1 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

SUBJECT TITLE AND CODE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

based assignments 30%

9.0 CONDITIONS OF GRADING

10.0 CONDITIONS OF AWARD

10.3 The pass mark shall be 50 %.

10.4 Candidates should pass all subjects.

11.1 Re-write(s) should conform to current course structure.

11.4 There is no time limit for which to re-write a failed examination.

11.5 There is no aggregation for re-writes.

11.6 All re-writes should pass on performance in the examination.

11.7 If a candidate fails continuous assessment he/she repeats the subject

13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES

13.2 Plagiarisms in any of the assessments will result in automatic disqualification in

14.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications

The minimum qualification for a lecturer is at least a National Diploma in a

14.2 Tools and Equipment

Motors and Transformers

Basic Electrician Training tool kits.

14.3 SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Theraja B.L.(2017) Electrical Technology Amazon London

PART II: SYLLABUS

SUBJECT TITLE CODE NOTIONAL

SUBJECT : PLANT INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

DURATION : 216 Hours

At the end of the course the student should be able to:

3.1 explain how electrical energy is generated and transmitted in Zimbabwe.

3.4 describe various methods of protecting electrical installations/equipment.

3.7 critically analyse the various methods of protecting transformers.

3.1 GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY