Student Book Answers

CC3a Structure of an atom 8th 2 six

7th 1 The tiny particles that make up all
7th 3 a i Nitrogen has 7 protons; and 7
substances.
electrons.
8th 2 Matter is made up of tiny spheres called ii Potassium has 19 protons; and
atoms; all the atoms of a particular 19 electrons.
element are identical. 6th b tellurium and iodine (or cobalt and
nickel using more accurate relative
7th 3 The electron. atomic masses)
7th 4 4 protons; 5 neutrons; 4 electrons 6th 4 the same number of protons in their nuclei

9th 5 a Diagram like that shown in figure C; 8th 5 13 protons; 14 neutrons; 13 electrons.
with 3 protons and 4 neutrons in the Explanation should include: number
centre (nucleus); and 3 electrons of protons is the atomic number; the
orbiting around it. number of electrons must be the same
8th b There are the same number of as the number of protons; so charges
protons as electrons; the positive are balanced; and the atom is neutral;
and negative charges cancel out. number of neutrons = mass number
minus atomic number.
8th c 17
55
8th 6 ​ ​M
25 ​ n
S1 Diagram of an atom, similar to that in figure C;
with the following shown and labelled: nucleus, 8th 7 Hydrogen atoms don’t contain neutrons.
protons, neutrons, electrons, shells (or energy Reasoning should include: their mass
levels); it should also show the properties of the number is 1 so the total number of
three subatomic particles as listed in table B. protons and neutrons is 1; because they
E1 Particle (a) is an electron; which is negative; have one proton they cannot have any
it is deflected/attracted towards the positive neutrons.
charge. Particle (b) is a neutron; which is S1 It has 29 protons; 29 electrons; 36 neutrons. It
neutral; and is not affected by the electric field. is an atom of copper. It has atomic number 29;
Particle (c) is an proton; which is positive; so mass number 65.
it is deflected/attracted towards the negative
E1 atomic number = protons
charge. The electron is deflected more than
mass number = protons + neutrons
the proton; because it is lighter.
number of electrons = protons
Exam-style question number of neutrons = mass number – protons
number of protons = mass number – neutrons
Either
Dalton’s atom was solid (1) while the modern atom Exam-style question
is mostly empty space (1)
(i) 90 (1)
OR
(ii) 222 (1)
Dalton’s atom was indestructible/couldn’t be broken
down (1) while modern atom is made up of smaller
particles, protons, neutrons and electrons (1) CC3c Isotopes
7th 1 a i lithium-6; ii lithium-7; iii lithium-8
CC3b Atomic number and mass
6 7 8
number 8th b i 3​ ​L
​ i; ii 3
​ ​​Li; ii 3​ ​L
​ i

7th 1 a in the nucleus 7th 2 a 92 protons; 143 neutrons

8th b When Rutherford fired tiny positive 7th b 56 protons; 85 neutrons;

particles at a gold foil most passed 56 electrons
92
straight through; only a very few 7th c ​36​​Kr
were deflected or bounced back;
so most of the atom must be empty 9th 3 six
space; to allow the particles to pass 40 40
through unaffected/without hitting 8th 4 a ​ ​​Ar; 20
18 ​ ​C
​ a

anything 4 5
8th b ​ ​H
2 ​ e; 2
​ ​H
​ e

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 Student Book Answers

8th 5 a 1:2

8th b 1:5

7th 6 the mean (average) relative mass of its

isotopes
10th 7 63.6

S1 Isotopes have the same atomic number but

different mass numbers; this means they have
the same number of protons (p) and electrons
(e); but different numbers of neutrons (n);
for example, 35Cl has 17p, 17e and 18n;
37Cl has 17p, 17e and 20n

E1 Calculate the mass of 100 atoms by finding the

sum of (isotope mass number × % abundance)
for each isotope:
(24 × 79) + (25 × 10) + (26 × 11) = 2432;
divide total mass by 100 to find the relative
atomic mass: 2432 / 100 = 24.32.

Exam-style question
Explanation that makes reference to the following
points:
•
20
​10​N
​ e
is the most abundant
• because the relative atomic mass of an
element is the mean (average) mass of its
atoms.
• the mean mass will be closest to the mass
number of the most abundant atom

© Pearson Education Ltd 2016. Copying permitted for

purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
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