6/25/2023

Signals and Systems

Slide # 9
Z-Transform

The Z -Transform
Just as the Laplace transform can be considered to be an extension
of the Fourier transform, the Z-transform can be considered to be
an extension of the discrete-time Fourier transform.

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Example 1

Example 2

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Example 3

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Example 4

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Example 5

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Example 6
Z transform of

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z-Transform Properties
 Time Shifting

 Frequency Scaling

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Example 7

Solution
We can use the scaling property to derive the transform of the signal.

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THE INVERSE Z-TRANSFORM

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Example 8
inversion by a Power-Series Expansion

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Example 9

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Example 10

Solution
take transforms on both sides of the difference equation to get

Apply Z-inverse
using shifting
property

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Example 11

Apply Z-inverse
using property

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Block Form Realization

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Example 12
An LTI system has a transfer function
Y( z ) z -1/ 2
H ( z) = = 2 , z >2/3
X( z) z - z + 2 / 9
Using the time-shifting property of the z transform draw a
block diagram realization of the system.
( )
Y( z) z2 - z + 2 / 9 = X ( z)( z - 1 / 2)
z 2 Y ( z ) = z X ( z ) - (1 / 2 ) X ( z ) + z Y ( z ) - ( 2 / 9 ) Y ( z )
Y ( z ) = z -1 X ( z ) - (1 / 2 ) z -2 X ( z ) + z -1 Y ( z ) - ( 2 / 9 ) z -2 Y ( z )

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Y ( z ) = z -1 X ( z ) - (1 / 2 ) z -2 X ( z ) + z -1 Y ( z ) - ( 2 / 9 ) z -2 Y ( z )
Using the time-shifting property
y [ n ] = x [ n - 1] - (1 / 2 ) x [ n - 2 ] + y [ n - 1] - ( 2 / 9 ) y [ n - 2 ]

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Practice
 All relevant examples from chapter 8 (SAMIR S. SOLIMAN
and Oppenheim) (8.2.1 to 8.5.1 and 8.55)
 All relevant examples from chapter 10 (Oppenheim)

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Thank You
For Your Attention

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