EEE363

Electrical Machines

Lecture # 10

Dr Atiqur Rahman
Shunt/Series characteristics
 Speed control of DC Motor

Factors controlling motor speed

I. Flux control method

 This method is very efficient.
 In non-interpolar m/c speed can be varied at a ratio 2:1.
 For machines with interpoles the ratio of maximum
to minimum speed of 6:1 is common.

Demerits

 Commutation becomes unsatisfactory

 Speed control of DC Motor
II. Armature or Rheostatic control method

 Economical, efficient and convenient

Demerits
 A large amount of power is wasted in the controller resistance.
 Maximum power developed is diminished in the same ratio as speed. R
 Requires expensive arrangements for heat dissipation.
 It gives speed below the normal speed.
 Speed control of DC Motor
III. Electronic speed control
 Solid state electronic circuits are employed
input

Uncontrolled rectifier
Electronic speed control
 Electronic speed control

Uncontrolled Rectifier
Controlled Rectifier
 Transformer
 A device by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into electrical
power in another circuit.
 Works on the principle of mutual induction.
 Two inductive coils are electrically separated but mutually linked.
 The two coils posses high mutual inductance.
 Transformer
• An alternating flux produced in the core is linked
ϕ
with the other coil where a mutually induced emf is
produced.

dI
e = M
dt

core
 Transformer construction
 Core constructed of sheet steel laminations assembled together to provide a continuous magnetic path.
 The steel used is of high silicon content, sometimes heat treated to provide high permeability and low hysteresis loss.
 Eddy current loss is minimised by laminating the core.
 Laminations are insulated from each other by a light coat of core-plate varnish or by an oxide layer on the surface.
 Transformer losses
I. Cu loss
II. Core loss

Core loss
 Hysteresis loss
 Eddy current loss
 Eddy current loss
 The eddy currents can't cross from one lamination to the next, so the only eddy currents that can
flow must flow within the thickness of each individual lamination.

 Since the magnitude of the current is proportional to the area enclosed by the loop, this reduces
the eddy currents greatly and thus the energy lost in the core.

Non-laminated  With laminated core, eddy current is smaller now.

core
 It is restricted to smaller currents in several
Laminated localised small areas
core
Types
 Leakage flux

 Flux that leaks out of the core.

Flux on load and no-load condition
 EMF Equation
ϕ

Thus,
 Impedance transformation through a transformer

𝒂∶ 𝟏

𝑉𝑝 = 𝑎𝑉𝑠

𝐼𝑠
𝐼𝑝 =
𝑎
 Why we need Transformer?
Transmission Line
𝐼𝐺 = 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

Generator
Why we need Transformer? Contd…
Why we need Transformer? Contd…

𝑇𝐿 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐼𝐺2 . 𝑅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = (95.94)2 𝑥 0.0018

= 16.6 W
Why we need Transformer? Contd…