A SEMINAR REPORT ON

FOG COMPUTING.

BY

CHUDI-OBI DAVID MUNACHUKWUSO

20N02/065

_________

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE

DECEMBER 2022.
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report is a detailed account of FOG

COMPUTING and has been prepared in accordance to the regulations

guiding the preparation of SEMINAR reports in the Department of

Computer Science, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State. .

CHUDI-OBI DAVID MUNACHUKWUSO

Matric No.: 20N02/065

Signature: _____________
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to Jesus, My Lord and Savior

who gave me the grace, wisdom, and strength required to
complete this requirement in partial fulfillment to the award
of bachelor of sciences. I also dedicate this work to my
Parents; Ven. Dr. and Mrs. Chudi Obi for their support and
unending love all through the period of this seminar report.
.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am indebted to GOD almighty, the giver of all wisdom, knowledge and understanding,

without whom I would have achieved nothing at all.

I am grateful to the entire staff of Compass Investments and Securities Limited for their

moral support and contribution in making me have a smooth journey through the path of my

Industrial Training.

I also want to say a big thank you to my industry based supervisor Mr. Anthony Adeseye, the

man who assisted me through the journey, and my colleagues for making my stay at CISL

and eventful and blissful one.

To my wonderful H.O.D, DR. J. A. Ayeni, who has given the go ahead of writing this report

and to my amiable lecturers who have imparted knowledge into me, I say thank you and God

bless. Amen.

My regards to my amazing parents, Ven. Dr and Mrs. Ebelechukwu Chudi-Obi for their

unending love and financial support of my education. May God bless your ministry and

prosper you. Amen.

 ABSTRACT

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S) was established to expose

students of higher institutions to acquiring industrial skills and practical in their various

courses of study and to prepare them for industrial work situations which they are likely to

meet in the future after their graduation.

This technical report is based mainly on the practical knowledge further gained on Website

development and design, HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT, and justifying the relevance of the

scheme and equipping students with needed practical competence to thrive in the real world.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: S.I.W.E.S

1.1 History of S.I.W.E.S

1.2 Objectives of S.I.W.E.S

1.3 Importance of S.I.W.E.S

CHAPTER TWO: PLACEMENT

2.1 Compass Investments and Securities Limited

2.2 Vision, Mission and Core Values of CISL

2.3 Background of CISL

CHAPTER THREE: DEPARTMENT AND ACTIVITIES

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

 CHAPTER ONE

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (S.I.W.E.S)

1.1 HISTORY OF S.I.W.E.S

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by the Industrial

Training Fund (ITF) in the year 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate proper skills

for employment of tertiary institution graduates by Nigerian Industries. SIWES was founded

to help expose and prepare students of universities, polytechnics and colleges of education for

the industrial work situation to be met after graduation.

Before this scheme was established, there was growing concern and trend noticed by

industrialists that graduates of higher institutions lacked sufficient practical background for

employment.

Therefore, the employers thought that theoretical education going on in higher institutions

was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labour. This was a huge problem for

thousands of Nigerians until 1973. It is against this background that the fundamental reason

for initiating and designing the scheme by the fund in 1973/74 was introduced.

The ITF organization made a decision to help all interested Nigerian students and established

the SIWES programme. It was officially approved and presented by the Federal Government

of Nigeria in 1974. The scheme was solely funded by the ITF during its formative years but

as the financial involvement became unbearable to the organization, it withdrew from the

scheme in 1978. In 1979, the Federal Government of Nigeria handed over the management of

the scheme to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for

Technical Education (NBTE).

Later, in November 1984, the Federal Government of Nigeria returned the management and

implementation of the scheme to ITF. In July 1985, it was taken over by the ITF while the

funding was solely borne by the Federal Government of Nigeria.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF S.I.W.E.S

The objectives of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S) include:

i. Providing an avenue for students to acquire industrial skills for experience during

their course of study.

ii. Expose students to work methods and techniques that may not be available during

their course of study.

iii. Bridging the gap between theory and practice by providing a platform to apply

knowledge learnt in school to real work situations.

iv. Enabling the easier and smoother transition from school by equipping students

with better contacts for future work placement.

v. Introduce students to real work atmosphere so that they know what they would

most likely meet once the graduate.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF S.I.W.E.S

All Nigerian students who study technology and science must know about SIWES. Partaking

in SIWES has become a prerequisite for the award diploma and degree certificates in many

Nigerian Institutions according to the Nigerian Government Educational Policy.

 CHAPTER TWO

PLACEMENT

2.1 COMPASS INVESTMENTS AND SECURITIES LIMITED (CISL)

Compass investments and securities limited (CISL) was incorporated in 2005 as a private

limited liability company to provide specialized financial and investment advisory services to

corporate organisations, individuals as well as governments.

2.2 VISION, MISSION AND CORE VALUES OF CISL

VISION

To be one of the leading financial intermediation companies in the Nigerian capital market

MISSION

To create wealth for both retail and institutional clients, driven by up to date technology,

efficient and motivated staff to impact positively on all other stakeholders.

CORE VALUES

Commitment

Integrity

Transparency

Efficiency.
2.3 BACKGROUND OF CISL

Compass Investment & Services Limited was incorporated in 2005 as a private limited

liability company to provide specialized financial and investment advisory services to

corporate organisations, individuals as well as governments.

The company commenced full operations in the same year. Compass Investment & Securities

Limited is a Dealing Member of the Nigerian Stock Exchange and is duly registered with the

securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) as a Broker/Dealer.

The company is managed efficiently by a group of professional Investment Bankers and

Stockbrokers with many years of experience and up to date knowledge of money and capital

markets, who have proven integrity over the years. This wealth of experience along with well

trained and committed staff is placed at the disposal of all its clients to enable them achieve

their objective.

We believe in the excellent service delivery to our clients and stakeholders, and to this end,

we constantly innovate our processes, technology and personnel to make every interaction

with us leaves a lasting experience.

 CHAPTER THREE

DEPARTMENT AND ACTIVITIES

During the course of my IT programme, I was attached to the Operations and Compliance

Department. During my stay in this department, my horizons of how Website Development

and Design works got widened and I learnt the most basic things to know about HTML AND

CSS. Java script wasn’t left out of the picture too but only a little was learnt about Java script

as there wasn’t enough time to know all the basics there is to know. I also got exposed to the

Nigerian Stock Exchange market and how it operates, which involves the buying and selling

of shares from various companies.

The things learnt about the Nigerian Stock Exchange and how it works:

i. The Nigerian stock market is a public marketplace for issuing, buying, and selling

stocks that trade on a stock exchange (Nigerian Stock Exchange).

ii. It operates on what we call an Automated Trading System (ATS), which is a

computer program.

iii. It operates on what we call an Automated Trading System (ATS), which is a

computer program.

Furthermore, the Nigerian stock market is basically divided into two major segments. These
are the primary and the secondary market. The primary market is where organizations set up
their stocks or shares for sale. They achieve this through what we call an Initial Public
Offering (IPO).

While the secondary market is a place where you can buy stocks that are existing and being
traded.

Key players in the Nigerian Stock Market and their functions

  Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)

The SEC is the apex regulatory body of the Nigeria capital market that answers to the Federal
Ministry of Finance. They are saddled with the responsibility of regulating the capital market
with an aim of protecting investors. In addition, they must also ensure the development of the
capital market. This is to enhance its allocative authority and open the door for a private
sector-led economy.

 Nigerian Stock Exchange(NSE):

The NSE is a registered organization limited by guarantee. They founded it in the year 1960,
and it is duly licensed under the Investments Securities Act (ISA). In addition, they also
regulate it to operate under the Security Exchange Commission. The Nigeria Stock Exchange
offers listing services, trading services, market data solutions, etc. They achieve this through
an automated trading system that allows investors to trade several securities.

 Central Securities Clearing System (CSCS)

Basically, The CSCS is an arm under the Nigerian Stock Exchange. They license them to
carry out the responsibility of depository, clearing, and settlement of all transactions in the
NSE. Furthermore, the CSCS as the Nation’s exclusive Financial Market Infrastructure
processes all securities in the Nigerian stock market. They process these securities in an
electronic book-entry form. This is to ensure safe and efficient transaction processes in the
market.

 Stockbrokers:

Currently, in Nigeria, there are well over 90 stockbrokers They are professional traders who
purchase and sell shares on behalf of their clients. A stockbroker can either be an investment
advisor or a registered representative. The majority of these stockbrokers work with a
brokerage firm, and they handle transactions for individuals and institutions.

How do I buy shares in the Nigerian stock market?

Buying stock on the Nigeria stock market is very straightforward once you follow all the
necessary guidelines. The first thing you must do is to find a brokerage firm or a stockbroker
that will purchase the shares on your behalf.

Once you have done this, you can proceed to fill the CSCS (Central Securities Clearing
Systems) account opening form. After the form filling, you will need to fund your stock
brokerage account.

After all these processes, you can submit your first trade, once you reach a consensus on what
you want.

Investing in stocks is very lucrative, but with its own risks. Therefore, ensure that you have a
thorough understanding of the market before investing.
Introduction to Web Development and Design
During the course of my IT program with CISL I started a tutorial on website development
and design using basic front-ends such as HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT.

The basic things to know about HTML, CSS AND JAVASCRIPT;

HTML
HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the foundation of all websites. It’s the main file
type that is loaded in your browser when you look at a website. The HTML file contains all
the content on the page, and it uses tags to denote different types of content.

For example, you can use tags to create headline titles, paragraphs, bulleted lists, images, and
so on. HTML tags by themselves do have some styles attached, but they are pretty basic, like
what you would see in a Word document.

Just getting started with HTML? Check out this tutorial on building a very simple website
using just HTML.

HTML Tags

HTML tags are like keywords which defines that how web browser will format and display
the content. With the help of tags, a web browser can distinguish between an HTML content
and a simple content. HTML tags contain three main parts: opening tag, content and closing
tag. But some HTML tags are unclosed tags.

When a web browser reads an HTML document, browser reads it from top to bottom and left
to right. HTML tags are used to create HTML documents and render their properties. Each
HTML tags have different properties.

An HTML file must have some essential tags so that web browser can differentiate between a
simple text and HTML text. You can use as many tags you want as per your code
requirement.

o All HTML tags must be enclosed within < > these brackets.
o Every tag in HTML perform different tasks.
o If you have used an open tag <tag>, then you must use a close tag </tag> (except
some tags)
CSS
CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, lets you style that HTML content so it looks nice and fancy.
You can add colors, custom fonts, and layout the elements of your website however you want
them to look. You can even create animations and shapes with CSS!

There is a lot of depth to CSS, and sometimes people tend to gloss over it so they can move
on to things like JavaScript. However, I can’t overestimate the importance of understanding
how to convert a design into a website layout using CSS. If you want to specialize in front-
end, it’s essential to have really solid CSS skills.

SOME CSS TERMS

Comment

A comment has no effect on the display of the page that’s styled; it’s for the CSS author to
read and better understand the code. Comments are universal to (as far as I know) all
programming and related languages. In the example below, the line that says “this is an old
IE6 hack” is a comment:

/* this is an old IE6 hack */

* html #box {

width: 200px;

Rule Set
A rule set is a single section of CSS including the selector, the curly braces, and the different
lines with properties and values. The code in the example below comprises one rule set:

/* the rule set starts with the line below */

body {

font-family: Arial, sans-serif;

color: #555;

font-size: 14px;

}
/* ends with the closing curly brace above */

Declaration Block
A declaration block is the section of CSS where the property/value pairs appear. In the
example below, everything found between the curly braces (not including the comments) is a
declaration block:

body {

font-family: Arial, sans-serif; /* starts with this line */

color: #555;

font-size: 14px;

line-height: 20px; /* ends here, before the closing curly brace */

Declaration
A declaration is generally any single line of CSS that appears between the curly braces,
whether shorthand or longhand. In the example below, everything after the first curly brace,
and before the last curly brace (not including the comment) is a declaration:

body {

font-family: Arial, sans-serif; /* this line is a declaration */

Property
A property is what appears before the colon in any line of CSS.

In the example below, the word “width” is the property.

#box {

width: 200px; /* the property is "width" (without the colon) */

 }

Value
A value is what appears immediately after the colon in any line of CSS.

In the example below, the “200px” is the value.

#box {

width: 200px; /* after the colon, without the semi-colon */

If you use shorthand, a single declaration could have multiple values.

Selector
A selector is the part of the CSS line that selects what element to target with the
property/value pair. In the example below “#container #box” is the selector:

/* the selector is everything on the first line */

/* excluding the opening curly brace */

#container #box {

width: 200px;

Including CSS in HTML Documents

CSS can either be attached as a separate document or embedded in the HTML document
itself. There are three methods of including CSS in an HTML document:

 Inline styles — Using the style attribute in the HTML start tag.
 Embedded styles — Using the <style> element in the head section of a document.
 External style sheets — Using the <link> element, pointing to an external CSS file.

Inline Styles
Inline styles are used to apply the unique style rules to an element by putting the CSS rules
directly into the start tag. It can be attached to an element using the style attribute.

The style attribute includes a series of CSS property and value pairs. Each "property:
value" pair is separated by a semicolon (;), just as you would write into an embedded or
external style sheets. But it needs to be all in one line i.e. no line break after the semicolon.
Embedded Style Sheets
Embedded or internal style sheets only affect the document they are embedded in.

Embedded style sheets are defined in the <head> section of an HTML document using
the <style> element. You can define any number of <style> elements in an HTML document
but they must appear between the <head> and </head> tags.

External Style Sheets

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages of the website.

An external style sheet holds all the style rules in a separate document that you can link from
any HTML file on your site. External style sheets are the most flexible because with an
external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file.

You can attach external style sheets in two ways — linking and importing.

JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is a programming language that was designed to run in the browser. Using
JavaScript, you can make your website dynamic, meaning it will respond to different inputs
from the user, or other sources.

For example, you can build a “Back to Top” button that when the user clicks it, they’ll scroll
back up to the top of the page. Or you can build a weather widget that will display today’s
weather based on the user’s location in the world.

Especially if you want to develop your skills later on with a JavaScript framework like React,
you’ll understand more if you take the time to learn regular vanilla JavaScript first. It’s a
really fun language to learn, and there’s so much you can do with it!

JavaScript Functions

JavaScript provides functions similar to most of the scripting and programming languages.

In JavaScript, a function allows you to define a block of code, give it a name and then
execute it as many times as you want.

A JavaScript function can be defined using function keyword.

Advantages of JavaScript
 Speed. Client-side JavaScript is very fast because it can be run immediately within the
client-side browser. Unless outside resources are required, JavaScript is unhindered
by network calls to a backend server.
 Simplicity. JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and implement.
 Popularity. JavaScript is used everywhere on the web.
 Interoperability. JavaScript plays nicely with other languages and can be used in a
huge variety of applications.
 Server Load. Being client-side reduces the demand on the website server.
 Gives the ability to create rich interfaces.
Disadvantages of JavaScript
 Client-Side Security. Because the code executes on the users’ computer, in some
cases it can be exploited for malicious purposes. This is one reason some people
choose to disable JavaScript.
 Browser Support. JavaScript is sometimes interpreted differently by different
browsers. This makes it somewhat difficult to write cross-browser code.

RESPOSIBILITY AND CONTRIBUTION

During my IT, I was given the responsibility of carrying out various task. We were
sometimes put into teams if hard tasking work is brought to us that needed divided attention.

My responsibilities were major:

Attending to clients coming into the office.

Bank payments (Going to the banks to deposit money or letters from the company).

Installing Operating systems and Drivers and Updating antivirus in system within the
organization.

Assisting the stockbrokers on their day to day activities.

Documentation and organization of office files.

All other activities were based on the assisting in day to day activities in the office.

MY OFFICE SUPERVISOR’S CONTRIBUTION

My office supervisor helped me a lot during the course of my IT program, making sure I

carried out the tasks I was assigned to under his supervision. I was also given different

assignments to read on several topics on the Nigerian stock exchange system and how it

operates. Also tutorials on web development and design (as it relates mainly to my field of

study).
Also during the course of my attachment with CISL, I was saddled with and actually

performed the following:

SETUP AND INSTALLATION OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMS

After observing some of the workers on how they setup computer systems and the process of

installation and activation of system software and drivers, I actually did setup and installed

software programs on many computer systems in the operations department.

TROUBLESHOOTING

We troubleshoot many systems that had faults both within and outside the department. The

major cause of the systems fault is the presence of dust in the system, so the major work done

on them is to blow out the dusts with electric blower. Other troubleshoot was done by either

resetting the RAM, resetting the BIOS, replacing the CMOS battery re-partitioning the hard

drive, etc.

GETTING ACQUINTED WITH THE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE

OFFICE

During the course of my internship I got to understand the operations, system installation,

networking, PC maintenance etc. also mad use of various hardware components in the office.

Some of the hardware components that I used in the office were;

 Trading Machine.
 Desktop.
 Photocopy Machine.
 Printer etc.
TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL SKILLS ACQUIRED

Below is the list of skills I acquired during my industrial attachment, both technical(practical)

and social skills;

 Deep knowledge in understanding web development and design.

 Ability to create a basic website with the use of HTML AND CSS.
 Installing and running of software programs.
 Enhanced communication skill.
 Ability to identify and provide solution to problems.
 Enhanced teaching and effective learning skill.
 Ability to work with a team.
 Good customer service orientation skill.
 CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION and REFERENCES

CONCLUSION

My Industrial Training (IT), which was undertaken at Compass Investments and

Securities Limited, has sufficiently opened my eyes to the unending possibilities,

opportunities, and solutions that are potentially opportune to make available in the

Information and Technology terrain. And also, it has broadened my understanding on

computing and new product development through creativity and an initiative mind.

The Industrial Training has not only boosted my initiative on value-added approach,

there was an improvement on my quality-mindedness and problem solving skills at

the various offices I was opportune to work at. It has also enhanced my sense of

responsibility and ability to work under less supervision and a well working

environment. The Program has helped to improve my problem-solving ability, ethical

disposition and productivity.

 RECOMMENDATION

The experience and knowledge I acquired at CISL and the entire scheme itself has

been a success so far. But nevertheless, a lot are still needed to be looked into by

government, industries and of course; students on Industrial Training Scheme:

I suggest there should be an alliance between government and industries in other

to reduce the stress of students in securing placements. Such alliance would

probably make the relevant industries, companies to be aware of the number of

students available for the scheme.

The Federal government should put in place policies that will mandate registered

companies to take in a minimum number of industrial training students depending

on the company's operating capacity. Any prospective industry or company

should see the student on I.T as a plus to it working force and be ready to impact

the student with maximum technical and practical knowledge.

Allowances also should be paid to students during the course of their training, and

not after. This will help them a great deal to handle some financial problems

during their training course.

Students should see opportunities of building a lasting future, creating careers and

expressing their innate abilities during this period of training.

REFERENCES

 Students industrial work experience scheme hand book

 http://www.w3schools.com
 http://tutorialpoint.com
 http://ngxgroup.com