13-4 Relate Fractions to Percents

In the 100-square grid, 32 squares are green

and 6 squares are red.
32
of the grid is green.
100
6
of the grid is red.
100
A fraction can be written as percent. Percent means “per hundred.”
A percent is a ratio of a number to 100. The symbol for percent is %.
Fraction Percent
32
32 out of 100 32% 32% of the grid is green.
100
6
6 out of 100 6% 6% of the grid is red.
100
To write a fraction, with a denominator To write a percent as a fraction:
that is a factor of 100, as a percent:
Drop the percent symbol (%). Then
Write an equivalent fraction with a write the number as the numerator
denominator of 100. and 100 as the denominator.
Write the fraction as a percent. Write the fraction in simplest form.
3

? 80%
?
25
3 34 12 80



12% 80%

25 25  4 100 100
3 80  20 4

12% 80%


25 100  20 5

Tell what fractional part of the grid is shaded.

Then write the fraction as a percent.
1. 2. 3.

? ? ?

?
?
?
100 100 100
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Write as a percent.
3 4 7 13 9 6
4. 4 5. 5 6. 20 7. 50 8. 10 9. 25

10. 2 out of 5 11. 3 out of 20 12. 21 out of 25 13. 7 out of 10

Shade a 10 3 10 grid to model each percent.

Then write as a fraction in simplest form.
14. 28% 15. 5% 16. 30% 17. 64% 18. 44% 19. 29%

20. 52% 21. 4% 22. 85% 23. 13% 24. 18% 25. 30%

Paul’s Day
Activity Part of Day
Use the table for problems 26–27.
school 25%
26. What percent of Paul’s day is spent playing
sleep 35%
and eating? Write this percent as a fraction.
play 18%
27. What percent of Paul’s day is not spent in eating 10%
school? Write this as a fraction. other 12%

28. What percent of the grid is modeled 29. Leesan received a score of 84% on
on a 10
10 grid if all squares of the a math quiz. What fraction of the
grid are shaded? if none are shaded? questions did she answer incorrectly?

30. Is it possible to shade a 10
10 grid 31. Al has a collection of 100 stamps. Forty
so that it is 15% blue, 75% red, and are international stamps. What percent of
20% green? Explain your answer. his collection are international stamps?

Write as a percent.
16 9 95 44 30 89
32. 100 33. 100 34. 100 35. 100 36. 100 37. 100

15 57 88 1 65 100
38. 100 39. 100 40. 100 41. 100 42. 100 43. 100

Write as a fraction with a denominator of 100.

44. 77% 45. 8% 46. 82% 47. 10% 48. 55% 49. 79%

50. 23% 51. 98% 52. 37% 53. 19% 54. 46% 55. 5%

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13-5 Relate Percents to Decimals
You can use the meaning of percent to rename a
percent as a decimal or a decimal as a percent. % means per hundred.

To rename a percent as a decimal: 45% red

Rename the percent as a fraction 5% blue
with a denominator of 100.
Write the fraction as a decimal.
Percent Fraction Decimal
45
45% 0.45
100
5
5% 0.05
100
To rename a decimal as a percent:
Rename the decimal as a fraction with % means hundredths.
a denominator of 100. 59% green
Write the fraction as a percent. 40% purple
Decimal Fraction Percent
59
0.59 59%
100
40
0.4 40%
100
You can use a shortcut to write a percent as
a decimal or a decimal as a percent.
Drop the percent (%) symbol. Then Move the decimal point two places to
move the decimal point two places to the right. Then write the percent (%)
the left. symbol.
Percent Decimal Decimal Percent
45% .45. 0.45 0.59 0.59. 59%

5% .05. 0.05 0.4 0.40. 40%

Write as a decimal.
1. 65% 2. 83% 3. 7% 4. 23.6% 5. 10% 6. 12.7%

Write as a percent.
7. 0.15 8. 0.73 9. 0.08 10. 0.4 11. 0.123 12. 1.85

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Find the percent, fraction, and decimal equivalents

to complete each table.

Percent Fraction Decimal Percent Fraction Decimal

13. 10% ? ? 16. ? ? 0.4
1
14. ? 5 ? 17. 50% ? ?
3
15. ? ? 0.25 18. ? 4 ?

Money as Percent of a Dollar

Coins can be expressed as a percent of a dollar.
1
1 penny $0.01 or 100 of a dollar 1%
5
1 nickel $0.05 or 100 of a dollar 5%
10
1 dime $0.10 or 100 of a dollar 10%
25
1 quarter $0.25 or 100 of a dollar 25%
50
1 half-dollar $0.50 or 100 of a dollar 50%

Study these examples.

5 nickels 5
$0.05 $0.25 25% of a dollar
2 quarters, 4 pennies ( 2
$0.25) ( 4
$0.01)
$0.50 $0.04 $0.54 54% of a dollar

Write as a percent of a dollar.

19. 9 nickels 20. 7 pennies 21. 3 dimes 22. 2 quarters
23. 2 nickels, 3 pennies 24. 2 quarters, 1 dime 25. 1 half-dollar, 2 pennies

26. Al needs 0.02 liter of acid for a project. 27. Ed had $1.00. He spent 65¢. What
What percent of a liter does he need? percent of his money did he spend?

Compare. Write , , or . Explain how you got your answer.

28. 0.13 ? 1.3% 29. 0.06 ? 60% 30. 0.032 ? 3.2%

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13-6 Find the Percent of a Number
There are 60 questions on a social studies
exam. Twenty-five percent of the questions
are about map skills. How many of the
questions are about map skills?

To find how many of the questions are about

map skills, find the percent of a number:

25% of 60 n

To find the percent of a number: 25% of 60 n

Write the percent as a decimal. 25% 0.25
Multiply. 0.25
60 15.00
or
25 1
Write the percent as a fraction. 25% 100 4
15
1
Multiply. 4
60 15
1
There are 15 questions about map skills.

You can also estimate the percent of a number by using

the equivalent fraction and compatible numbers.

Estimate: 48% of 209 Think

48% of 209 is about 50% of 200.
50% of 200  50%
200
100
1
 2
200
 100

So 48% of 209 is about 100.

Find the percent of the number.

1. 10% of 120 2. 50% of 46 3. 25% of 224

4. 75% of 48 5. 20% of 325 6. 30% of 80

7. 80% of 240 8. 15% of 180 9. 60% of 315

10. 40% of 300 11. 90% of 200 12. 35% of 120

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Estimate the percent of the number.

13. 55% of 800 14. 19% of 516 15. 45% of 120

16. 73% of 316 17. 11% of 630 18. 23% of 482

19. 22% of 103 20. 18% of 500 21. 24% of 394

Compare. Use , , or .
22. 10% of 20 ? 20% of 40 23. 30% of 60 ? 40% of 20

24. 15% of 60 ? 25% of 60 25. 20% of 150 ? 20% of 180

26. 30% of 40 ? 60% of 20 27. 45% of 300 ? 65% of 200

Use the percent table for problems 28–30.

28. Five percent of 80 fifth graders have
Percent Table
red hair. How many fifth graders
have red hair? Percent Decimal Fraction
1
1% 0.01 100
29. Ten percent of the 150 new cars
5 1
that are on display at the Auto-Rama 5% 0.05 100 20
are minivans. How many minivans 10 1
are on display? 10% 0.10 100 10
25 1
25% 0.25 100 4
30. At Irwin School, 75% of the 50 1
348 students ride the bus to 50% 0.50 100 2
school. How many students 75 3
75% 0.75 100 4
ride the bus to school?

31. Draw and color on one circle to show about:

a. 50% green b. 25% yellow c. 10% blue d. 15% red

Find the value of n.

32. 50% of n is 16. 33. 25% of n is 4. 34. 10% of n is 5.

35. 20% of n is 5. 36. 35% of n is 7. 37. 40% of n is 8.

38. 15% of n is 6. 39. 6% of n is 12. 40. 4% of n is 10.

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13-7 Use Percent
Allied Arts Courses
At Kennedy School, 180 students take
Allied Arts courses. How many
students take Fine Arts?
Fine Arts French
The circle graph at the right shows
25% 30%
the percent of students taking each
Allied Arts course.
Music
To find how many students take Fine Arts, 15% Japanese
find the percent of a number: 25% of 180 n 20%
Italian
Number 10%
Percent
Total of Students
1 80
25% of 180 n
0.2 5
45 9 00
1
4
180 45 or  6 00
3
1 4 5.0 0
There are 45 students taking Fine Arts.

Use the circle graph above to complete the table.

Subject Percent Number of Students

1. Music ? ?
2. Italian ? ?
3. Japanese ? ?
4. French ? ? Mr. Smith’s
Monthly Budget

Use the circle graph at right.

Mr. Smith’s monthly income is $3500. Education
How much is his budget for: 25% Shelter
35%
5. education? 6. food? Savings
12%
7. shelter? 8. clothing? Food
8% 15%
9. recreation? 10. savings? 5%
Clothing
Recreation
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Finding Discount
During a sale, LP Electronics offers
a discount of 20% on an entertainment
system with a regular price of $500.
How much is the discount?
A discount is a savings on the regular price of an item.
The rate of discount is given as a percent.
To find the discount, find: 20% of $500 n
Rate of Discount  Regular Price Discount

20% of $500 n
0.20  $500 $100
The discount is $100.

Find the discount for each item.

Item Regular Price Rate of Discount Discount

11. towel $14 25% ?
12. tablecloth $30 15% ?
13. bed sheets $200 30% ?
14. shower curtain $25 5% ?

15. Bikes with a regular price of $120 16. Beach chairs with a regular price of
are offered at a 35% discount. $30 are on sale at a 15% discount.
What is the discount? What is the discount?

17. Explain in your Math Journal why stores

advertise percent off rather than dollars off.

18. A store offers a 4% discount if a consumer pays cash rather

than paying by credit card. If the cash price of an item is $84,
what is the credit-card purchase price of the same item?

Chapter 13 429
13-8 Problem-Solving Strategy:
Combine Strategies
Tasha decides to save some money. The first day
she puts a nickel in a bank. Each day she plans
to double the amount she put in the day before.
How much money will she have saved in a week?

Visualize yourself in the problem above

as you reread it. List the facts and the
question.

Facts: First day—Tasha saves a nickel.

Each day following, she doubles
the amount she puts in the bank.

Question: How much money will Tasha

have saved in a week?

Some problems are easier to solve

by combining strategies.

Is there hidden information? Yes.

1 nickel  $0.05 and 1 week  7 days
Make a table to record the amount saved each day.
Find a pattern.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

Saved $0.05 $0.10 $0.20 $0.40 $0.80 $1.60 $3.20
Total $0.05 $0.15 $0.35 $0.75 $1.55 $3.15 $6.35

In 1 week Tasha saved $6.35.

You can act out the problem or add.
$0.05
$0.10
$0.20
$0.40
$0.80
$1.60
$3.20  $6.35
The answer checks.

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Combine strategies to solve each problem.

1. Caren bought some greeting cards. She gave 5 cards
to her sister. After sending 3 of the remaining cards,
Caren had 2 left. What percent of the cards
Caren bought does she have left?

Visualize yourself in the problem above as you

reread it. Focus on the facts and the question.
List what you know.
Facts: bought some cards
gave 5 cards away
sent 3 cards
had 2 cards left
Cards
Question: What percent of the bought
cards are left?

First find the number of cards Caren

bought by working backward. 2 3 5 ?
Then find the percent by writing a
number sentence or using drawings.

2. In a box of 40 assorted cards, 12 were birthday cards,

10 were anniversary cards, 6 were get-well cards, and
the rest were all-occasion cards. What percent of the
box of cards were all-occasion cards?

3. Two out of every seven pieces of mail the Zimmer family

receives are bills. If they received a half-dozen bills
last week and 4 bills this week, how many pieces of
mail did they receive in those two weeks?

4. Three out of every 5 thank-you cards Diane wrote

were to her family. The rest were to her friends.
If Diane wrote 8 cards to her friends, how many
thank-you cards did she write altogether?

5. Mary has 162 cards to put into 15 boxes. Some boxes

hold 10 cards; others hold a dozen. Fifty cards are
yellow. How many of each size box will Mary use?

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13-9 Problem-Solving Applications: Mixed Review
Solve each problem and explain the method you used.
1. The stationery store is having a spring sale. For
every 5 pencils you buy, you get 2 free. If Arnie
pays for 15 pencils, how many does he get free?

2. The store clerk notices that he sold pens and

pencils in a ratio of 4 : 9. He sold 24 pens.
How many pencils did he sell?

3. Two out of every 5 customers bought markers.

What percent did not buy markers?

4. The store earns $.12 on every $.49 eraser it sells.

How much money will the store earn on the sale
of 2 dozen erasers?

5. This week eight tenths of the stationery items are on sale.

What percent of the stationery items are not on sale?

6. A book bag usually costs $15, but during the sale its
price is reduced by 30%. How much will be saved?

7. The list price of a dictionary is $24.00. Helen

saved $6.00 when she bought it at the sale.
What percent of the list price did she save?

8. Which is less expensive during the sale: a $12 sweatshirt

reduced by 25% or a $15 sweatshirt reduced by 45%?

9. In a brochure the scale for a picture of a computer

is 1 cm 4 cm. The computer screen has a scale
length of 7 cm and a scale width of 5 cm. What are
its actual dimensions?

10. The scale length of the keyboard is 12 cm. Its actual width
is 37.5% of its length. What are its length and width?

11. For every $20 spent, a customer pays a $1.20 sales tax.
Lori bought 3 pen-and-pencil sets and paid $2.16 in
sales tax. How much did she spend?

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Choose a strategy from the list or use another

strategy you know to solve each problem.
You may combine strategies.
12. Angela bought a ream of paper listed at $20
for 10% less. How much money did she save?
Use These Strategies
She was charged an additional $1.08 in sales tax.
Use a Model/Diagram
How much did she pay for the paper? More Than One Solution
Use More Than One Step
13. A $7 T–shirt at the bookstore is reduced by 50%. Guess and Test
What is the final cost, including $0.21 sales tax? Make a Table
Use a Graph
14. Each day the price of a school umbrella will be
reduced by another 10% until all the umbrellas
have been sold. The original price of each umbrella
is $10. What is the price on the 5th day of the sale?

15. This table shows the original prices of calculators

Calculator
on sale for 30% off. Kirk spent less than $11.
Model Original
Which 2 calculators did he buy? Explain how
you found your answer. Mini-Max $7.30
Midi-Max $9.10
16. Li bought 2 calculators from the table at the 30%
discount. He spent $11.76. Which 2 calculators Super Sum $8.10
did he buy? Explain how you found your answer.
Turbo Plus $9.50
17. Greg buys a sheet of paper 24 in. by 18 in. First
he folds it in half vertically, then horizontally. What
is the perimeter of the final rectangle?

Use the circle graph for problems 18–21. Last Week’s Profits
18. Which 3 items represent about 50% of the profits?
How do you know? Paper
Supplies
35%
19. The bookstore’s profits were $1470 last week. Books Writing
What was the profit from sales of writing tools? 12% Tools
Clothing 29%
20. How much more profit was there on paper supplies 17% 7%
than on clothing?
Other

21. Write a problem that uses the data from

the circle graph and can be solved by using
more than one step. Have a classmate solve it.

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