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Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education.

B.Sc., Computer Science Under CBCS (Choice Base Credit System) with effect from Academic Year
Revised in April 2016.
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II Year III Semester
Object Oriented Programming Using Java Lecture-11 Object Oriented
Paradigm
UNIT – I
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming. muneeb javed javed
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Introduction of Java:-
 Java is Object Oriented Programming Language inventors primarily by “James Gosling”.
 Java is a General Purpose and Object Oriented Programming Language developed at “Sun Micro
Systems” of USA in 1991.
 In 1990‟s The Sun Micro Systems decided to developed special Software that could be used to Document 80 pages
manipulate consumer electronics.
 1991‟s after exploring the possibility of using the most popular OOP‟s (Object Oriented OOAD.docx
Programming) language as C++, the team announced a new language named as “Oak” (named Sami Fazal
after the Oak trees outside Gosling‟s office).
 In 1993‟s the World Wide Web (WWW) appeared on the Internet and Transformed the Text based No ratings yet
into Graphical-Rich Environment.
 In 1994‟s the Team Developed a Web Browser Called “HotJava” to located and Run Applet Programs
on Internet.
 In 1995‟s “Oak” was renamed as “JAVA”.
 In 1996‟s Sun Micro Systems released “Java Development Kit 1.0 (JDK 1.0).
 In 1997‟s Sun Micro Systems released “Java Development Kit 1.1 (JDK 1.1). Document 50 pages
 In 1998‟s Sun Micro Systems released Java with version 1.2 of the Software Development Kit 1.2. OOAD Unit1.docx
 In 1999‟s Sun Micro Systems released Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE) and Java2 Enterprise Edition
(J2EE). balamurugan
 2000‟s Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE) with Software Development Kit 1.3 (SDK 1.3) was released. No ratings yet
 2002‟s Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE) with Software Development Kit 1.4 (SDK 1.4) was released.
 2004‟s Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE) with Java Development Kit 5.0 (JDK 5.0) was released.
 2008‟s Java Development Kit 7.0 (JDK 7.0) “Dolphin” was released.
(Q) Object Oriented Paradigm (or) Object Oriented Methodology?

Document 6 pages
The major objective of Object Oriented approach is to element some of the flaws
encountered in the procedural approach. “Object Oriented Programming (OOP‟s) allows us to decompose a java oop4
problem development into a number of entities called as „Objects‟ and then build data and functions (knows
as methods in Java) around these entities”. The combination of Data and Methods make up an Object. Mohammed Elmadani
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Method Method
Data
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Method Method
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Formula: Object = Data + its Methods
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The data of an Object can be accessed only by the methods associated with that object. However methods
of one object can access the methods of other objects.
Shaik Mohammad Fareed, MCA, M.Sc., IRPM. 1 II.B.Sc., III Sem Java
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Methodology:-
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1. Programs are divided into what are known as “Objects”. Cancel anytime
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3. Methods that operate on the Data of an Object are tied together in the Data Structure.
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6. It is Bottom – Up approach in program design.
8 Document 45 pages
(Q). What are the Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming (OOP‟S)?
(OR) What is Scribd? Documents unit-1-basic-syntactical-
Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming (OOP‟S)? concepts-in-java
The general concepts of Object Oriented Programming (OOP‟s) supporting the following concepts. Ruturaj Patil
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 Objects.
 Classes.
 Methods.
 Data Abstraction.
 Encapsulation.
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 Inheritance.
 Polymorphism. CLoud computing Lab 2 on
 Overloading.
 Message Passing. 16-10-2022
Dynamic Binding.
Mohammed Shahab

1. Objects: - Objects are the basic runtime entities in an Object Oriented System (OOS). An Object is No ratings yet
any of the following: External entities, Things, Events / Occurrences, Roles, Organizational Units,
Places, etc
Definition(1) of Objects: - “Any thing can be Objects”, in other words an Object be a Person, Place, or
Things which the computer must be understand or recognized. Document 83 pages
Definition(2) of Objects: - An Object is a “Software bundle of Variable and related Methods”. OOAD - Complete Material
Definition(3) of Objects: - An Object is a set of Data its associated Methods. Object = Data + Methods.
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Definition(4) of Objects: - An Object has defined as an identifiable entity with some Characteristics
and Behavior”.
Definition (5) of Objects: - Objects are run times entity. An object is distinguishable entity with some
Characteristics & Behavior. Every object has a defined as
State.

Behavior.
 Document 17 pages
Identity.
Lecture 2 - Programming
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State: - The State of an Object encompasses all of the (Static) Properties of the Object plus the current with VB
(Dynamic) values of each of these properties.
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Behavior: - Behavior is how an Object acts and reacts, in terms of its state changes and message No ratings yet
passing.
Identity: - Identity is that property of an Object which Distinguishes or Unique it from all other Objects.
Examples of Objects in real world entity: - Vehicle, Furniture, etc.,

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Week 1 & 2 - OOAD - Object

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Example (1): - We need some information about Cars (Car is Object). Car can have the following
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Data (or) Characteristics Document 28 pages
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Note: -
(1). Objects share two characteristics: they all have state and they all have behavior. No ratings yet
(2). Object maintains its state in variables and implements its behavior with methods.
(3). Everything that the software object knows (state) and can do (behavior) is expressed by the
variables and methods within that objects.
Variables Document 21 pages
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Methods Nano Home
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2. Classes: - The most important feature of OOP‟s is the Class. A class is the way to bind the “Data & its
associated Functions” or some time called also “Variables & Methods”. The keyword “class” specifies the
class name. Document 20 pages
Definition (1) of Class: - “A Class is a collection of objects of similar type”. ooplect1.pptx

Definition (2) of Class: - “A group of Objects that share common properties and relationships”.
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Definition (3) of Class: - “A Class is a set of Objects that share a common structure and common
behavior.
Definition (4) of Class: - “The Objects with the same data structure (attributes) and behavior
(operations) are grouped into a class.
Definition (5) of Class: - A Class is a “blueprints” or “prototype” that defines the variables and methods Document 4 pages
common to all objects of a certain kind. Software “blueprints” for objects are called classes.
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In Java, a Class is a new data type that contains member variables and member functions paradigm
that operate on the variables. A class is defined with key word “Class”.
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Example(1): - Motor bicycle object is an instance of the class of objects known as Motor bicycle. Motor No ratings yet
bicycles have some state (current gear, etc) and behavior (change gears, brake, etc) in common.
However each motor bicycle‟s state is independent of and can be different from other motor bicycles.
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CS2352 OOAD Anna

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OOAD NOTES Rejinpaul
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Example(2): - For example in the case of Student Class, all objects have similar attributes like s_number, Programming
s_name, marks in three subjects and similar operations like total(), average(). Related objects exhibiting
the same behavior are grouped and represented by a class in the following style. सागर चौहान
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class Student
{
int s_number;
string s_name;
int m1,m2,m3;
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int total()
{ OOAD 1-5 Units
int tot;
tot=m1+m2+m3; santhimathi
return(tot)
}
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MC5305-OOAD syllabus
3. Methods: - The term Method comes from the Object-Oriented language small task. The function that
operates on an object is known as Methods. Methods are used to change the objects attitude values or to
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Example: -
int total()
{
int tot;
tot=m1+m2+m3;
return(tot) Document 6 pages
}
Module 5 Study Guide
4. Data Abstraction: - An Abstraction denotes the essential characteristics of objects that distinguish it Eustus Holmes
from all other kinds of objects and thus provide crisply define conceptual boundaries, relative to the
perspective of the viewers. No ratings yet
Some User application requires special kind of data type which not available in built-in data
type. The programmer burden to create own data type. The technique of creating a New data type
abstraction process are known as Abstract data type (ADT). The user created data type are called Abstract
data type or some times called as user defined data type.
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5. Encapsulation: -The binding of “Data & Methods” together into a single component. Is known as
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Definition (1) of Encapsulation: - The wrapping up of Data and Methods into a single unit is known as
Encapsulation. Data encapsulations are the most striking feature of a class. The Data is not accessible to Document 81 pages
the outside and only those methods, which are wrapped in the class, can access it. 8
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Definition (2) of Encapsulation: - Encapsulation is the mechanism that associated data with the code Satvir Punia
that manipulates it. Direct access to the data from other software is not permitted.
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Definition (3) of Encapsulation: - Encapsulation is the most often achieved through information hiding,
which is the process of hiding all the secrets of an object that do not contribute to it essential
characteristics.
Benefits of Encapsulation: - Encapsulating related variables and methods into a neat software bundle is
a simple yet powerful idea that provides two primary benefits to software developers.
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1. Modularity: - The source code for an object can be written and maintained independently of the Unit-1 OOAD
source code for other objects.
2. Information Hiding: - An object has a „Public‟ interface that other objects can use to communicate ASUIUX Designer
with it. But the object can maintain „Private‟ information and methods that can be within
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environment.
Example: - In a company different departments work independently with their own data. One department
cannot access data of the other department directly, rather a request is made for the required data and the
data is handed over by the members of the requested department. We may say that department data and
department employees are encapsulated.
Document 62 pages
6. Inheritance: - Inheritance is a mechanism to derive a New Class from the Existing Class. Here Existing
Class is a Base class, New class is know as derived class. Object Oriented Analysis
Bird and Design Notes
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Flying Bird Non-Flying Bird
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Definition (1) of Inheritance: - Inheritance is the property that allows “the reuse of an Existing Class to
build a New Class”.
Definition (2) of Inheritance: - Inheritance is a mechanism to derive a New Class from the Existing Document 141 pages
Class. Here Existing Class is a Base class, New class is know as derived class.
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Definition (3) of Inheritance: - Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the Laxman Belbase
properties of objects of another class.
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Definition (4) of Inheritance: - A Class inherits state and behavior from its superclass. Inheritance
provides a powerful and natural mechanism for organizing and structuring software programs.
The mechanism of deriving a New Class from an Existing Class can be called as
Inheritances. The Existing Class which is used for creating a New Class is Called Base Class / Parent Class /
Super Class and the newly created class is called Derived Class / Child Class / Sub Class.
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NOTE: - Programmers can implements superclass called „abstract class‟ that define “generic” behaviors.
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undefined and unimplemented. Other programmers fill in the details with specialized subclass.
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identically name methods have different behavior depending on the type of the Object.
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9 form.
Definition (1) of Polymorphism: - Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one
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Definition (2) of Polymorphism: - Polymorphism means different objects responding to the same and Design
message in different manners.
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Definition (3) of Polymorphism: - Polymorphism means is the process of representing different entities
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with the same name however their behavior depends on the context.
NOTE: - Polymorphism plays an important role in allowing objects having different internal structure to
share the same external interface. General class of operations may be accessed in the same manner even
though specific actions associated with each operation may be differing.
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Example: -
Shape Chapter-1 Introduction to
Draw() OOP Paradigm
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Draw() Draw() Draw()
In above figure illustrates that a single functions name Draw() can be used to handle different number
of arguments.
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8. Overloading: - Overloading is a language feature that allows a function or operator to be given more
than one definition. The type of arguments with which the function or operator is called Overloading. unit1 2020
Definition of Overloading: - Overloading means same things for different purposes and we can use the
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same function name to perform a variety of different task, we can design function with the same function No ratings yet
name but with different argument list”.
Techniques: - Overloading is broadly two types of technique.
1. Operator Overloading.
2. Function Overloading.
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1. Operator Overloading: - “One operator can be used for different purposes, depending on the content”.
This concept is called as Operator Overloading.
Object-Oriented
Programming Concepts
Consider the following example, here addition operation is case of perform sum of two numbers. If
the operands of addition operator (+) is used for addition. The addition operator (+) will also give Remi-RolandOladayoRoland
concatenation of two strings. No ratings yet
Examples: - 10 + 2 = 12.  This is performing the Numerical values of addition.
Mohammad + Fareed = Mohammad Fareed  This is perform the String Concatenation.

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Rules of Overloading Operators: - While representing the operators user has to follow certain rules.
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Binary Arithmetic Operators such as +, -, *, /, % must be explicitly returns a values. They must be
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2. Function Overloading: - Overload means “Same thing for different purpose”. Function Overloading EN Upload
means “We can use the same functions name to perform a verity of different tasks”. We can design
functions with the same function name but different arguments lists. From Everand
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9. Message Passing (or) Message Communication: - An What is Scribd?
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Oriented Programming Mastering Computer
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Step (1): - Creating Classes that define objects and their behavior.
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Step (2): - Creating Objects from class definitions.
Step (3): - Establishing communication among objects.
Objects communicate with one another by sending and receiving information much the same
way as people pass message to one another.
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Example: - Message passing involves specifications the name of the objects, the name of the method
(message) and the information to be sent. Here consider the statement.
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10. Dynamic Binding: - Binding refers to the “linking (or) tie-up a procedure call” to the code can Derrick Mwiti
executed. Dynamic Binding means that the code associated with a given procedure until the run-time is
called as a Dynamic Binding. A function call associated with a Polymorphic and inheritance. No ratings yet
(Q) Benefits of Object-Oriented Programming language?
Object-Oriented Programming offers several benefits to both the program designer and the
user. OOP‟s gives greater programmer productivity better quality of software and lesser maintenance cost. From Everand
1. The Principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs. That cannot be access
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5. It can easy to partition the work in a project based objects.
6. Object-Oriented systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems.
7. Message passing techniques for communicate between objects.
8. Software complexity can be easily managed.
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(Q) Application of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP‟s)?
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The following applications arrears we can use OOP‟s.
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Overview of Java Language.
History of JAVA:-
 Java is Object Oriented Programming Language inventors primarily by “James Gosling”.

 Java is a General Purpose and Object Oriented Programming Language developed at “Sun Micro
Systems” of USA in 1991. Document 1 page
In 1990‟s The Sun Micro Systems decided to developed special Software that could be used to

About Yourself - Power BI
manipulate consumer electronics.
 Initially it was designed to created products for smart electronic devices, such as microwave ovens Developer
and remote control appliances.
Mallika
 If they use C / C++ then it was necessary to have a full complier to compile a C++ program. The
problem was that compilers are very expensive and time consuming to create for each type of No ratings yet
applications. For that reason „James Gosling‟ and his teammates decided to develop a Simple,
Portable and Platform Independent language to generate a code that would run on a variety of
CPU‟s under differing environments.
 At that time, the World Wide Web (WWW) appeared on the Internet. The Internet allows many
different types of computers to connect together, including computers that use fundamentally Document 8 pages
different CPU‟s and Operating Systems. Therefore, the ability to write a Portable program is as
beneficial to the Internet as it is to consumer electronic devices.
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What is JAVA: - Java is a Simple, Object Oriented Architectural, Neutral Platform Independents, Robust,
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Multi threaded, GUI Compatible, Distributed, Network Compliant and Internet Supported.
Java is Two things:

(1). Programming Language.
(2). Platform.
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(1). Java is Programming Language: -
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Java is a High-Level programming Language that is all of the following.
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an Intermediate language called “Java bytecodes” the platform independent codes interpreted by
the Java Interpreter. With an Interpreter, each Java bytecode instruction is parsed and run on the
computer. Compilation happens just once; Interpretation occurs each time the program is executed.
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converted into Bytecode instructions which are to be submitted to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and
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(2). Java Platform: - 8
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A Platform is the Hardware or Software Environment in which a program runs. The Java 743,625,489,652 Subscribers
Platform differs from most other platforms in that it‟s a software only platform that runs on top of other,
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Operating System.
The Java Platform has Two components: -

(1). The Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
(2). The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API).
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(1). The Java Virtual Machine (JVM): - Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the base for the Java Platform and
is ported onto various hardware-based platforms. Getting Started With Power
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Interface (Java API) is a large collection of „ready-made‟ software components that provide many useful
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(Q). Explain the Basic Java Features?
Sun Microsystems officially describes the following features.

Document 169 pages
1. Simple and Small.
2. Object Oriented.
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4. Interpreted.
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7. Architecture-Neutral.
8. Portable.
9. High Performance.
10. Multithreaded. Document 169 pages
11. Dynamic and Extensible.
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1. Simple and Small: - Analysis Services…
Java is simple because it consists of only three primitive data types Numbers, Boolean types and
Arrays. Shailesh Gyawali
Java has no preprocessor. This means that the concepts behind #define and typedef are not
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
necessary in Java.
Java reduces the redundancy of C++ by removing structures and unions from the language.
Java does not allowed pointers.
One of the most important features is automatic memory management, usually known as Garbage
collection. Garbage collection is really just a blue-collar team that means that you don‟t need to
free memory that you allocate the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) takes care of doing. Document 3 pages
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2. Object Oriented: -
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Encapsulation, Inheritances and Polymorphism etc.

Except for its primitive data types (Number, Boolean Types and Arrays), everything in Java is an
objects. Strings are Objects, Threads are Objects,
OR and even Applets are Objects.
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3. Distributed Computing: - Unlock this page after an ad
 Java is designed for the distributed environment of the Internet, because it handles TCP/IP Protocol EN Upload
 Java has various libraries to deal with Network protocols. A protocol refers to a set of rules and
regulations to be following while transferring data on the Internet. Document 2 pages
 Java provides new technique called Remote Method Invocation (RMI) that allows8 objects on two
different computers to execute procedures remotely. What is Scribd? Documents Madan%20Resume
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4. Interpreted: -
 Java is both Compiled and Interpreted. That is a Java Source Code (program) is first compiled and No ratings yet
then interpreted. This is made possible by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The Java Virtual Machine
(JVM) converts the intermediate bytecode into the machine code.
Compile
Source Code Byte Code
(Compiler)
Document 2 pages
As shown in the above figure a C++ source code is only compiled, not interpreted.
 A Java source code as first compiled to produce the bytecode which is then interpreted using the 5_6075402987344233332
java interpreter to produce the machine code.
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Compiler Interpret
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Source Code Byte Code Machine Code
(Compiler) (Interpreter)
 Java Source Code goes through two processes Compilation and Interpretation. The Java Interpreter
is names „java‟ and „Java Compiler‟ name is called „javac‟.
5. Robust: - Document 5 pages

Java is a Robust Programming Language, provides many safeguards to ensure reliable code. It has
strict compile-time and run-time checking for data types. Testing Introd
It is a designed as a “Garbage collection”. Java has extensive Memory management system. Java
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
also incorporates the concepts of Exception Handling, which helps to programmer to make the
program, which is safer from any type of run-time errors. No ratings yet
Memory management has been simplified in Java in two ways. First, Java does not support direct
pointer manipulation or arithmetic. This makes it impossible for Java program to overwrite memory
or corrupt data. Second, Java uses runtime Garbage collection instead of explicit freeing of memory.
6. Secure: - Java is secure because
 No Pointers are forged. Document 5 pages

No illegal objects casts are preformed.
Testing Introd

 Rules regarding Private, Protected, and Public class memberships are followed.
 Java is highly secure. The security of Java is First the Java Interpreter verifies the bytecode before Mallika
executing it. If the bytecode turns out to be invalid, it will not be executed at all. The following
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Verify Code If Valid Executed

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7. Architecture-Neutral: -
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changes and upgrades in Operating System, System Resources and Processors will not force any
changes in Java programs. So Java is „Platform Independent Programming language or Architecture-
Neutral‟.
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By Architecture Neutral, we means that Java is not dependent on the on the architecture of a
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particular machine. The same Unlock this page

Java program after
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Systems. EN Upload
The Java compiler converts the Java source code in to bytecodes, which is architecture neutral. If
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Java Interpreter exists on a machine, we can run Java bytecode on that machine. Document 17 pages
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Java Program Run in Apple Macintosh OS
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8. Portable: -
 Java is a Portable language. Apart from the bytecodes, which is machine independent and hence, radenes
can be implemented on any system with Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed?.
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 The data types of Java also account for its portability. The size of the basic data types in Java is
compatible with for all systems making Java programs highly portable.
 In Java all primitive data types (Integers, Floats, Longs, doubles, and so on) are of defined sizes,
regardless of the machine or operating system on which the program is run.
Example: - For example, in Java an „Int data type‟ is always 32-bit value, no matter in which system it
is used. Similarly, the size of other data types is also explicitly specified. The following figure represents Document 97 pages
the above feature of Java.
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32-bit integer value for Apple Macintosh OS
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9. High Performance: - MODE OF VEHICLES
Java is „High Performance‟ speed is an important feature of a programming language because its
bytecode is efficient and perform multiple concurrent activities. vijay nagireddy
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fast. Java bytecode is run by the interpreter.
10. Multithreaded: -
Multithreaded means handling multiple tasks simultaneously. Java supports multithreaded
programs. That means that we need not wait for the application to finish one task before beginning
Document 4 pages
another. Java has very good mechanism for running and coordinating parallel processes.
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at aa time.
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Only after the Bassem Ben Fraj
computer has finished executing one line will it proceed to the next line. Hence one task has done to
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In a multithreaded environment, we need not OR wait for the application to finish one task before
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11. Dynamic and Extensible: - Document 10 pages
Java is an extremely Dynamic language. At runtime, the Java environment can 9extend itself by
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linking libraries, functions, methods and classes. (For example theisInternet).
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At runtime, the Java interpreter performs name resolution while linking in the necessary classes. Planets Manual
The Java interpreter is also responsible for determining the placement of objects in memory.
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1. Easy of Development.
2. Scalability and Performance.
3. Monitoring and Manageability.
4. Desktop Client Support.
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5. Core Extendable Markup Language (XML) supported.
6. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) row sets. belhadjltaief2018,CATIONIC
(Q). Explain difference between C and C++? AND ANIONIC
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Difference between C and C++: -
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C – Language C ++ Language
C – Language is a Structure / Procedure C ++ Language is a Object Oriented
Oriented Programming Language. Programming Language.
A large program can be divided into smaller A large programming can be divided into smaller
modules called as Procedures. modules called as Objects. Document 64 pages
Its followed as the designed program. Its also follows some rules in program.
To declared the variable at first to need. To declare the variables at any place in the
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The variables are declared after main() function. The variables are declared any where in the
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They don‟t permit data hiding. They permit data hiding.
They don‟t allow the ADT (Abstract Data Type). They allow the ADT (Abstract Data Type).
It follows Top-Down approach. It follows Top-Down or Bottom-Up approach.
They can‟t work dynamic binding. They can run dynamic binding.
To write any function in C-Language Function To write any Function in C++ Language Function
Prototype, Function return type is optional. Prototype, Function return type is necessary. Document 80 pages
C-Language can‟t support Inheritances, C++ Language can support Inheritances,
Polymorphism, Encapsulation etc, and concepts. Polymorphism, Encapsulation etc., and concepts. Interactive Gas Processing
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(Q). Explain How Java differs from C and C++?
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Java was differs from C and C++ languages in many ways. Java does not incorporate a number of
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features available in C and C++. The following are the major differences between and C++ and Java.
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Differences with Java and C: -
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 Java is an “Object Oriented Programming page after
language” an ad
where C is a “Structured Oriented Language.
 Java does not have a preprocessor and therefore we can‟t use #define, #include etc statements.
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 Java does not contain the data types like “Struct, Union and enum”.
 Java does not define the type modifiers keywords “auto, register, signed, unsigned, extern”. Document 8 pages
 Java does not include the C unique statements keywords “goto, sizeof and typedef”.9
 Java does not support an explicit “pointer types”. What is Scribd? Documents 6. Model Paper - Grade-V -
 Java support adds “labeled, break and continue statements. Maths
Java is true Object Oriented Programming language while C++ is basically c with Object Oriented maqbool ur rehman
extension. However, there are few basic points where Java differs from C++.
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Differences with Java and C++: -
 Java there is no header files.
 Java does not support Operator Overloading.
 Java does not have templates.
Document 33 pages
 Java does not support multiple inheritances concepts.
 Java does not use any pointers.
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 Java has no Global variables, because all Java programs elements must exist inside a class.
 Java has replaced the Destructor function with a „finalize ()‟ function. Ankit Jain
 Java is both Compiled and Interpreted but C++ which is only compiled language.
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 The Plus (+) operator can be used to concatenate strings in Java.
 Class definitions are similar in Java and C++, but there is no closing semicolon (;) in Java.
 Modulus operator can be applied to float values in Java which is not permitted in C++.
 There is no „goto‟ in Java. The „Break and Continue‟ statements can be used to jump out of the loop
 There is no scope resolution operator (::) in Java.
(Q). Discuss Java and Internet? Document 2 pages
Java is designed in such a way that it can easily create Internet-enabled applications. Java 02-02-2018 AM
programs are of the following three types.
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Systems 1
1. Stand-alone Application (or) Application: - A stand-alone application is programs written in Java
carry outUnlock thison
certain task document SubscribeJava
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involves akarcz6731
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Step 2: - Executing the Bytecode program using “java”
OR interpreter.
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2. Web Applets: - Applets are small Unlock this page
Java programs after anfor
developed ad Internet Application. An Applet located
on a distant computer (Server) can be downloading via Internet and Executed on a local computer (Client) EN Upload
using a Java capable browser.
Applets are programs that run in web browsers. Java is often referred to as an internet Document 1 page
9
programming language because it supports Applets. Applets form one of the most distinguishing features
of Java. “Applets arte programs are generally executed on the web What is Scribd?
browser. Java alsoDocuments
provides a utility Huber-Suhner. 5G
called Applet Viewer to executed Applets”. Functional Split
3. Web Servlet: - Servlet are small programs that executed on Server side or site of a web connection. Pavel Schukin
Like Applets, Servlets dynamically extend the functionality of the web server. Servers are platform
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independent, because they are written in Java.
(Q). How is Java associated with World Wide Web (WWW)?
World Wide Wed (WWW) is commonly abbreviated as „Web‟. Web is a global information
Document 8 pages
media which users can read and write via computers connected to the Internet. The information available
in the Web is accessed with the help of a language called as a “Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)”. The Assessing the Thermal
Web pages contains HTML tags that enable you to find, retrieve, display and manipulate documents on the
World Wide Wed (WWW). Performance of Bedouin…
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Figure: - Web Structure
Java could be easily incorporated into the web systems. This system contains web pages that
provide both text and graphics. The incorporation of Java into web pages has made it capable of supporting
animations, graphics, games and many special effects with the support of Java the web has become more
interactive and dynamic. Document 13 pages
The widely used protocols like HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer
AIChE Journal Volume 49
Protocol) are developed in Java. Internet programmers can call functions on these protocols and can get Issue 10 2003 [Doi…
access the files from any remote machine on the internet rather than writing codes on their local system.
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Client Request Client Request
Network
Client Web Server

Server Send response Server Send response
as web page as web page
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The following this document
are communication steps. Subscribe with a free trial
Read and download full documents. Cancel
Step 1: - The User sends a request for an HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) anytime to the remote
document
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a program that accepts a request, processes the

request and send the required document.
Step 2: - The HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) document is return to the User‟s browser the EN Upload
document contains the “Applet” tag which can identify the „Applet‟.
8
Step 3: - The Corresponding Applet bytecode is transferred to the User‟s computer. This bytecode had
Whatsource
been previously created by the Java Compiler using the Java is Scribd? Documents
code file for that Applet.
Step 4: - The Java enable browser on the User‟s computer interprets the bytecode and provides output.
Step 5: - The User may have further interaction with the Applet but with no further downloading from the
provides web server this is because the bytecode contains all necessary information to
interpreter the Applet
User‟s Computer Remote Computer
Bytecode Applet Source Code
HTML Bytecode
Document
Java Web Browser
Request Applet Tag HTML
Outputs Web Server
User
Fig: - Java‟s Interaction with the Web
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(Q). Explain various kinds of Web Browsers?
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Internet is huge collection information represented in many formats stored on many computes. Web
Browsers are used to navigate through the information found on the Internet.Cancel
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allow us to retrieve the
information spread across the Internet and display itOR
using the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML).
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The following are some of the popular Web Browsers used Now-a-days to retrieve
information on the Internet. Unlock this page after an ad
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 HotJava.
 Netscape Navigator.
 Internet Explorer. 8
 Mozilla Firefox. etc. What is Scribd? Documents
1. HotJava: -
HotJava is the name given by “Sun Microsystems” to its Java World Wide Web Browser (JWWW).
HotJava is written entirely in Java. Although HotJava‟s purpose is to view Applets embedded in HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language) documents.
HotJava presents the user with a very clean and simple interface. Because HotJava includes
a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), it is possible to create Web Pages with active, dynamic and interactive.
2. Netscape Navigator: -
Netscape Communications Corporation develops a browser called „Netscape Navigator‟ to interact

with the Web. It is a general purpose browser that can run Java Applets. It supports many platforms to
work on. It supporting scripting languages like JavaScript, VBScript etc language used in HTML document.
3. Internet Explorer: -
Microsoft developed another popular browser called „Internet Explorer‟. It uses a Just-In-Time (JIT)
compiler which greatly increases the speed of execution.
4. Mozilla Firefox: -
Mozilla Firefox is one of the best browsers out there on the market, and its free. Through the unique
development methods of Open Source, they are able to make a product with impressive speed and then
programs developed by traditional methods. Mozilla Firefox has a number of unique features and it is
overall a good product.
(Q). What are the Hardware and Software Requirements for running Java program in machine?
Java language supports programming of different platforms like Unix Operating System, Windows
Operating System, Sun Solaris Operating System etc. since it support majority of the operating systems
available now, it is called „Cross-Platform programming language‟ or „Platform-independent programming
language‟. To implement Java programs we need that following Hardware and Software as minimum.
Hardware Requirement Software Requirement

Minimum of 8 MB RAM. Windows / Unix Operating System.
IBM-Compatible 486 System. Java Run-time Environment.
Hard Disk Drive.
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(Q) Java Support Systems?
The following form discussion Java support systems.
Internet Connection.

Cancel anytime
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Web Browser.

OR

Web Server.

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).

this page after an ad
Applet Tags.

EN Upload
Java Code.

Bytecode.
 8
Internet Connection: - Local computer should be connected to the Internet.
Web Browser: - A program that provides access to World Wide Web (WWW) and run Java Applets.
Web Server: - A program that accepts requests for information and sends the required documents.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language): - A language for creating hypertext for the web pages.
Applets Tags: - For placing Java Applets in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) documents.
Java Code: - Java Code is used for defining Java Applets.
Bytecode: - Compiled Java code that is referred to in the Applet Tag and transferred to user computer.
(Q). Explain the various Java Tools?
In order to write Java Application or Applets, you need more than a language you need the tools
that lets you write, test and debugging your program.
The following tools can supported to design Java Programs or Applications.
 Compiler.
 Interpreter.
 Debugger.
 Disassembler.
 JavaDoc.
 Applet Viewer.
1. Compiler: - Java Compiler, named „javac‟. The Java Compiler takes input source code files and
converts them into compiled bytecode files.
2. Interpreter: -The Java Interpreter named „java‟ can be used to execute Java applications. The
Interpreter translates bytecodes directly into program actions.
3. Debugger: - The Java Debugger name „jdb‟ enables your Java classes. The Java debugger is a
command-line debugger. You can use the „jdb‟ to set breakpoints, inspect objects and variables and
monitor threads.
4. Disassembler: - Java Developer‟s Kit (JDK) a Disassembler, „javap‟, that can be used to display the
public interface, both methods and variables, of a class. Additionally the Java Disassembler includes
options to display private members or to display the actual bytecodes for the class‟s methods. This last
option can be particularly useful if you want to achieve a greater understanding of the bytecodes used by
the Java interpreter.
5. JavaDoc: - Using the JavaDoc utility provided with the Java Developer‟s Kit (JDK), you can easily
generate documentations in the form of HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) files. You can embed special
comments and tags in your source code and then process your code through JavaDoc. All of the on-line
Java API (Application Program Interface) documentation was created with JavaDoc.
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6. Applet Viewer: - This is small program provides real Java Environment for testing Applets. It loads the
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Text document
Markup Language) file in which the Applet has Subscribe with a free
been embedded trialdisplays the
and
application in a browser-like window.
(Q). Explain Java Environment?
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Java Environment includes a „large this page after an ad tools and hundreds of classes and
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and Methods are parts of the “Java Standard Library (JSL)” also known as the “Application Programming
Interface (API)”.
9
Java Environment What is Scribd? Documents
(I). Java Development Kit (JDK) (II). Java Standard Library (JSL)
(or)
Application Programming Interface (API).
Java Development Kit (JDK) based on part of „Development Tools‟.

Java Standard Library (JSL) or Application Programming Interface based on part of „Classes & Methods‟.
(I). Java Development Kit (JDK): -
Java Development Kit (JDK) comes with a collection of tools which are essential to developing and
running Java programs. The Java Development Kit (JDK) following elements are:
 javac. (Java Compiler)

 java. (Java Interpreter)
 javap. (Java Disassembler)
 jdb. (Java Debugger)
 javadoc. (Java Document) AD Read without ads.
 javah. (Java Header File Generator)

 Appletviewer. (Java Applets)
 Text Editor.
1. javac: - Java Compiler, named „javac‟. It translates Java Source Codes to bytecodes file, that the
Interpreter can read or understands.
2. java: - Java Interpreter, names „java‟. Which runs Applets and Applications by reading and interpreting
bytecode files.
3. javap: - Java Disassembler named „javap‟. It encodes bytecodes to program files.
4. jdb: - Java Debugger named „jdb‟. Which helps us to find errors and remove them from the programs?
5. javadoc: - Java Documentation named „javadoc‟. It creates HTML formats documents from java code.
6. javah: - Java Header File Generator named „javah‟. It is produces Header files for native C-Language.
7. Appletviewer: - Java Applet Viewer named „Appletviewer‟. It enables us to run Java Applets.
8. Text Editor: - To create a Java program, we need to create a source code file using Text Editor.
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The way these tools are applied to build and run application programs is illustrated below.
Text Editor Cancel anytime
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Java Source Code JavaDoc HTML EN Upload
9
javac
Java Class File Javah Header Files
java jdb
Java Program
Output
Figure: - Process of building and Running Java Application Programs.
(II). Java Stranded Library (JSL) or Application Programming Interface (API): -
Java API (Application Programming Interface) or JSL (Java Stranded Library) consists of nearly
about 1500 classes and interfaces and more than 13000 methods. These classes and methods are grouped
in to several packages. The most commonly used packages are following below.
Name of the Package Description of about Package

java.lang Package Provides a number of Classes, Interfaces and Methods that are required
for implementing basic features of Java.
java.util Package Provide utility functions such as date, time, calendar etc.
java.Applet Package Provide basic functionality for the creation of Applets.
java.awt Package Provides classes that implement platform independent Graphical User
Interface (GUI), Painting Graphics and Images.
java.io Package Provide a collection of classes required for Input and Output operations.
java.net Package Provides a set of classes for communicating with other computer via
Internet.
java.sql Package Provide interaction with any Database.
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(Q). How to Install Java Software in your home or local Machine?
They have following steps will be followed by installing any version of Java software packages.
Step 1: - Select the Java Software location (Hard disk
OR or CD ROM).
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Step 2: - Click on “Java jdk1.8.exe” icon application to be setup Java.
Step 3: - Java will started initialization in your computer.
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Step 4: - Click on “Next” button on wizard of Java.
Step 5: - Click on “Next” and “Next” and “Finish” button. 9
What
Step 6: - Java Software is setups completed and setup the Java path is Scribd?
into your system. Documents
Step 7: - Open the “C-Drive” and select the “Program file” choose the “Java Folder” and Click on “jdk1.8”
and press double click on “Bin Folder” and press enter.
D:\ Program Files \ Java \ jdk1.8 \ bin
Step 8: - Click on “My Computer” icon on desktop right click select “Properties” click on “Advanced”
button choose “Environment Variable” double click on “Path”.
My Computers  Properties  Advanced  Environment Variable  Path.

Step 9: - Put semicolon (;) and paste the path as earlier copied of the path again put semicolon (;) end of
the path.
Step 10: - After doing all above steps to check its run or not.
Step 11: - Goto Run Command and type “Javac” it display all auto exe files and close the DOS window.

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OOAD All Chapter NOTES

Download now 1 of 219  Search document  Course hand out

Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education.

(Q) Object Oriented Paradigm (or) Object Oriented Methodology?

Examples of Objects in real world entity: - Vehicle, Furniture, etc.,

Week 1 & 2 - OOAD - Object

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OOSE LAB 02 - OOD Using

Variables Document 21 pages

Definition (1) of Class: - “A Class is a collection of objects of similar type”. ooplect1.pptx

CS2352 OOAD Anna

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Techniques: - Overloading is broadly two types of technique.

Mohammad + Fareed = Mohammad Fareed  This is perform the String Concatenation.

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Object Oriented ABAP Part1

A Concise Guide to Object

Workshop Master Revealed

Object 1 Introduction to Algorithms

(Q) Benefits of Object-Oriented Programming language?

Image Classification: Step-

Chapter – 2 No ratings yet

 Java is Object Oriented Programming Language inventors primarily by “James Gosling”.

Java is Two things:

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IRA code Mobile

Document 286 pages

Microsoft Sq l Server Notes

The Java Platform has Two components: -

(Q). Explain the Basic Java Features?

Sun Microsystems officially describes the following features.

5. Robust: - Document 5 pages

6. Secure: - Java is secure because

 No Pointers are forged. Document 5 pages

Bytecode Java Interpreter

Verify Code If Valid Executed

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particular machine. The same Unlock this page

Java Program Run in Windows

Java Program store in a Hard disk

06.Heat Tracing Guidelines

chemistry 500+ mcqs

Slab Bridge Design ppt

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ProClean RealLife SERVICE

(Q). Discuss Java and Internet? Document 2 pages

Java Compiler Document 29 pages

Java Interpreter Web Browser Java Interpreter No ratings yet

Output Output Document 20 pages

Document 113 pages

(Q). How is Java associated with World Wide Web (WWW)?

Rotating Pump Alignment

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User‟s Computer Remote Computer

Bytecode Applet Source Code

Request Applet Tag HTML

Outputs Web Server

Fig: - Java‟s Interaction with the Web