Art may influence us to change our ways and

ART EDUCATION AND APPRECIATION

behavior as a result of the aesthetic experience we
derived from the arts.
What is art? Arts are valuable sources of inspirations and
aesthetic delightful experience through the artist
- Art is subjective and there is no universal works of art.
definition of it.
- People differ in their perception of an object or
thing.
IMPORTANCE OF ART TO STUDENTS:
They can develop:
Famous personalities and their definitions of art:
- Creativity
“Art is that which brings life in harmony with the - Identity
world.” – PLATO - Self-awareness
- Self-confidence
“Art is not what you see but what you make others - Sense of well-being
see.” – EDWARD DEGAS
Through participation in:
“Art is a lie that helps us to realize the truth.”
- Music
– PABLO PICASSO - Dance
“Art is never finished, only abandoned” - Drama
- Visual Art
– LEONARDO DA VINCI - Digital Art

Therefore, WHAT IS ART APPRECIATION AND WHY IS

IT IMPORTANT?
 Art is man-made, not God made.
 Art is creative, not imitative. Don’t just teach art but teach them to think like an
 Art benefits and satisfies man – when he uses art in artist.
practical life through artistic principles, taste, and
skills.
 Art is expressed through a certain medium or CREATIVITY
material by which the artist communicates himself. Are humans naturally creative?

Art appreciation is:

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Art highlights and heightens the importance of
certain events in order to keep them memorable and
pleasurable.
Art enables us to get a glimpse of the thoughts,
feelings, and beliefs of the people in their time and
the faces in their environment.
Art enables us to value and appreciate beautiful
things as a consequence of our encounter with arts.
1. The ability to interpret and understand man-
made arts and enjoy them through actual
work experience with art tools and
materials
2. The possession of the works of art for one’s
admiration and satisfaction
3. The knowledge and understanding of the
general and everlasting qualities that
classify all great arts
4. The introduction and exploration of visual
and performing art forms
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5. The analysis of the form of an art work to
general audience to enhance their
enjoyment and satisfaction of the works of
art.
Art appreciation is important:
1. Imagination
2. Connect past, present, and the future
3. Introduce different places, cultures and
traditions through literature, films, visual
arts etc.
4. Empathize with those suffered and endured
to create an artwork
ART HISTORY
Refers to the historical development and stylistic
context of the objects of arts (painting, sculpture,
and architecture; minor arts like ceramics,
furniture, and other decorative arts.
Art has a very high status in modern societies.
290 AD
- Rome; new religious figure Jesus Christ, Jesus
healing a bleeding woman. Christianity is using
art for clear and understandable purpose. To
make it emotionally attractive, and popularly
appealing.
- Art is like a kind of advertising for its ideas.
- Europe began formed Christian art.
1450 (15th century)
- Thailand; statue of Buddha
- Purpose of Art: “You’re meant to look at the
Buddha and take inspiration, becoming a little
more as he is.”
- The sculpture is an invitation to calm and
contemplation.
January 1801
- Paris; Jacques-Louis David “Napoleon
crossing the Alps”
- He got the idea from Louis XIV of France who
did a lot of propagandizing with art.
1833
- Paris; Theophile Gautier publishes an essay
about art. “Art must free itself from the
poisonous agendas of religions and
governments.
- THE POINT OF GOOD ART IS TO BE JUST
FOR ITS OWN SAKE. “l'art pour l'art”
- “True art must serve nothing at all. It is an end
in itself and doesn’t try to change or do or
speak about anything.”
- Art should try to inhabit a loftier, more abstract
realm.
1917
- New York; Marcel Duchamp prepares to
exhibit his latest work at a show by the Society
of Independent Artists; “urinal: Fountain”
- Art should promote something.
- The purpose of art is it should stand a
mainstream and create works that are
enigmatic, mysteriously provocative, and
rather silent.
1949
- New York; Marcus Ravkovic “Mark Rothko”
exhibits a new range of works at the Betty
Persons gallery in Manhattan. “pure color fields
and abstract of music”
- Rothko becomes representative of the more
obscure direction of the 20th century art
June 2005
- Venice; The Venice Biennale, the most
prestigious art fair opens at the Arsenale.
- Curated by the first time by two women: Maria
de Corral & Rosa Martinez
- 41 artists are shown all over the world
- Art has become a playground for the rich.
Art is both hugely revered and yet somehow still in
question.
Mission: To glorify religion or to speak well of the
state.
Modern art – result of swerve away from those
agendas for extremely understandable reasons.
It should overcome its hesitation about what it’s
really for and is trying to do.
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Art is a sophisticated tool that can help us to cope PERFORMING ARTS
with things. 1. DANCE
2. MUSIC
We honor art most when we give it the highest task
3. THEATRE/FILM
of all: to help us to lead better lives.
ART MOVEMENT

SINING SAYSAY: PHILIPPINE HISTORY IN Art movement refers to the tendency of style in art
ART – Gateway Gallery, Quezon City that has a specific common philosophy or goal. It
consists of group of artists during a restricted
Includes: 30 big pieces made by Philippine Artists period of time.
from UP College of Fine Arts
Basic Examples:
Cave painting
ART CRITICISM
- prehistoric art (around 38,000 BCE). Even if
Guidelines: the EXACT purpose of it is unknown, here are
some theories that might explain it:
1. Be attentive.
1. Decorations
2. Don’t be lazy.
2. Way of communication
3. Be generous.
3. Religious rituals/Ceremonials
4. Find your point of entry.
5. Ask a question. Ancient Egyptian Art
6. Put yourself out there.
- Consists of visual arts like painting, sculpture,
architecture etc. (3000 BC to 30 AD).
- The surviving art comes from tombs and
AESTHETHICS
monument with a great emphasis on life after
- area of philosophy concerned with art and death and the preservation of the past.
beauty
Greek Art
- generally considered to fall under the general
heading of Value Theory of philosophy - Greek art is mainly five forms: architecture,
- Question: Can art serve other purposes or must sculpture, painting, poetry and jewelry making.
it be art for art’s sake? - It absorbed influences of Eastern civilization,
- Question: What is the nature of aesthetic Roman Art and its patrons, and the new religion
judgement and aesthetic experience? of Orthodox Christianity in the Byzantine Era,
- Question: What makes something high art, as and Italian and European ideas.
opposed to popular art?
Chinese Paining
- Traditional painting involves the same
ART PRODUCTION techniques as calligraphy and is done with a
process of working brush dipped in black ink or colored pigments;
oils are not used.
 TYPES OF ART
Japanese Painting
VISUAL ART - One of the oldest and most highly refined
1. PAINTING Japanese visual arts, encompassing a wide
2. SCULPTURE variety of genres and styles.
3. ARCHITECTURE

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- Long history of it exhibits synthesis and
competition of native Japanese aesthetics and
the adaptation of imported ideas (mainly from
Chinese painting).
- Subject matter which is regarded as the most
characteristic of Japanese painting; depiction of
scenes from everyday life/narrative scenes that
are often crowded with figures and details.
Mannerism Art
- Also known as the late Renaissance Period
(1520).
- Emphasized the principles of art and design
such as proportions
- Famous artists – Leonardo Da Vinci, Raffaelo
Sanzio, and Michelangelo.
Absractionism
- Abstract means – to move away
- Abstract subjects can be represented through
the following – distortion, elongation, and
mangling (cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked
with repeated blows)
- The idea of it is the artist becomes interested in
one phase of a scene or situation that does not
show any subject at all.
Surrealism
- It is an invented word meaning “Super
Realism”
- Uses art as weapon against the evil
- Tries to reveal new and higher reality than that
of daily life
- Surrealist claims to create forms/images not
primarily by reason, but by unthinking impulse
and blind feeling or even accident.
- “Influenced by the Freudian psychology which
emphasizes the activities of the unconscious
state of mind.”
Optical Art
- This is a style of visual art that emphasize the
use of optical illusions
- They give the viewer the impression of
movement, hidden images, flashing and
vibrating patterns, or sweating or warping.
Photorealism
- Genre of art that encompasses painting,
drawing, and other graphic media
- Artist studies a photograph and then attempts to
reproduce the image as realistically as possible
in another medium.
THEORIES OF ART
Expressionism
- artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict
not objective reality but rather the subjective
emotions and responses that objects and events
arouse within a person
- distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and
fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent,
or dynamic application of formal elements.
- Edvard Munch’s The Scream
Functionalism
- Art is defined by purpose(s) that make
successful art valuable. (A definition of “chair”
would normally mention that the purpose of a
chair is for sitting and a chair that cannot be sat
upon has no value as a chair.
- So, it seems that chairs require a functional
definition.
- Functionalists treat art in the same way.) A
function commonly assigned to art is to provide
a satisfying aesthetic experience.
Formalism
- Formalism describes the critical position that
the most important aspect of a work of art is
its form – the way it is made and its purely
visual aspects – rather than its narrative content
or its relationship to the visible world.
- In painting therefore, a formalist critic would
focus exclusively on the qualities of
color, brushwork, form, line and composition.
Form: In relation to art the term form has two
meanings: it can refer to the overall form taken by
the work – its physical nature; or within a work of
art it can refer to the element of shape among the
various elements that make up a work
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 TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
Narrative: an art that tells a story
Before a certain art form became a traditional craft
Paining: practice of applying paint or other media
it should meet these requirements:
to a surface, usually with a brush
Composition: the arrangement of elements within 1. Use mainly in everyday life
a work of art 2. Manufactured by hand - The original
- Example: The Rope Dancer Accompanies features and manual labor of a traditional
Herself with Her Shadows (1916) craft are inseparable term from each other.
3. Manufactured by using a traditional
technique or skill
“Open Concept Theory” 4. Made from traditional materials
5. Manufactured in a certain area with a
- According to Weitz, that is also the nature of the
certain number of manufacturers.
concept of art. We cannot find any common
properties but we can show some strands of
similarities. This kind of concept has one
Traditional Crafts consists of the ff:
crucial feature: it is an open concept, i.e. (its
conditions of application are amendable and 1. handicrafts
corrigible.)
2. weaving
3. embroidery
VARIOUS ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
4. woodcarving
Art in the Philippines refers to the art works that
5. musical instrument making
have developed and accumulated in the Philippines
from the beginning of civilization in the country up 6. earthenware tiles making
to present time.
7. glasswork
8. stonework
It includes: Traditional arts, arts in Muslim
Mindanao or the Islamic Arts and Arts in the
Cordillera Region. HANDICRAFTS
- This is the main sector of traditional crafts. This
TRADITIONAL MOTIFS: type of art is useful and decorative that is made
completely by hand.
What is a folklore? - These traditional crafts have cultural and/or
religious significance. Mass production of a
- Traditions, beliefs and even stories of a
craft that are made out of machine is not
community which being passed down
considered handicraft goods. (Example;
generation after generation.
Covering/protection created by men in the
- Now, Traditional Motifs are being used by
prehistoric times)
folklorist in analyzing, interpreting, and
describing the traditional elements found in the
lore of a particular folk group.
WEAVING

In the perspective of anthropology - motifs are - is another Art form of traditional crafts.
being used in the area of music, literary criticism, Materials used in weaving consist of wood,
visual arts and textile arts. mohair, cotton, bristles, and silk.

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- Products could be - plait, carpets, rugs, and felt
obtained by spinning thread, connecting the
fibers together or by other materials.
EMBROIDERY
- is not only used for decoration but also as a
mean of communication tool with the
symbolism in its design. It uses materials such
as silk, cocoon, wool, candle, stick bead or any
left-over cloth.
WOODCARVING
- has been existing long time ago. most common
products are table, sala sets, cabinets, doors,
cupboard corners, and others.
- Some of it was actually used as tripods, wooden
stands, writing sets, drawers, chests, spoons for
decorations, rowing boats, reading desk, etc
ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
- windows, wardrobe covers, beams, celling,
pulpits, coffins, etc.
MAKING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
- traditional craft that existed for many long
years the materials used for these came from
trees, plants, skin, bones, and animal horn.
(string, percussion, and woodwind).
GLAZED EARTHENWARE TILES
- are used for ceramic and art purpose. Artists
usually used animal designs in these tiles.
GLASSWORK
- stained glass was developed many years ago.
Church windows are made of stained glass in
different models and forms. Examples are:
Figurines, mugs, drinking glass, utensils made
of decorative glass work.
STONEWORK
- plays an important role in exterior and interior
decoration in traditional architecture. Products
consist of grinders, stone tables, and benches,
gravestones, human and animal figures, and
decorative purposes.
- Techniques include - carving, relief and statue,
ornamental motifs used are plants, geometric
motifs, writing, and figures.
BASKET WEAVING
- Also a traditional craft that started thousand
years ago. It carried out by weaving reed,
willow, and nut branches, bamboo trunks,
rattan, and other materials.
- Nowadays, basket weaving is prevalent in the
Cagayan Valley, cordillera and Bicol regions,
and some provinces in Visayas Island.
Islamic Art (Art in Muslim South)
Quick Background;
• The Muslim of the south where majority of
Muslim population is concentrated has about
nine (9) ethno-linguistic groups; Tausug,
Maranao, Maguindanao, Samal, Yakan,
Sanggil, Badjao, Molbog, and Jama Mapun.
Some people believed that only the Tausug,
Samal, Maguindanao, and Maranao can be
considered as Muslim.
• Islamic art is a very difficult art to define
because it covers many lands and various
peoples over some 1400 years. However,
Islamic art is not all restricted to religious art. It
includes all other arts of the rich and varied
cultures of Islamic societies as well.
• Muslim South Arts include T'nalak art,
Dagmay skirt, pis syabit cloth tapestry, Yakan
seputangan head cloth, Inaul of Cotabato City,
wood crafts of Maranao, Muslim literature and
musical instruments.
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T'nalak
Traditional cloth made by a group of people in Lake
Sebu. Hand-woven which is made of abaca which
traditionally has three primary colors, red, black,
and the original color of the abaca leaves.
T'boli Art
One of the most indigenous people in Southern
Mindanao are the T'boli people of the South
Cotabato
Dagmay Skirt
represents the indigenous culture of the Mandayas
of Davao. It is being wear as a women's cloth if the
Mandayans.
Pis-yabit Cloth
Head covering by the Tausug of Sulu. This
traditional cloth tapestry is made from cotton or
silk, people in this town.
Seputangan
The seputangan is a head cloth worn by the yakan
tribe of Mindanao.
Inaul Skirt
is the famous Cotabato City handwoven fabric in
Maguindanao. It is being used as a malong, a
tabular skirt of "sarong" that wraps women.
Woodcrafts - The materials primarily used in
Muslim or Islamic Art are wood, brass, and cloth,
but no less important are silver, gold, iron, horn,
ivory, leather, bamboo and matting materials.
Okir or Okil
this is the term that represents the geometric and
flowing designs, often based on an elaborate lear
and vine pattern, and folk motif which are usually
found in Maranao, Maguindanao and some other
places in southern Mindanao and as far as
Southeast Asia.
Symmetry Art
Symmetry is very powerful design tool. These are
designs that need more stability, a strong
organizational structure, and a classic and trusting
message.
Torogan
a residential structure eleveated above the ground
by its column cut from trees of huge girth. The
walls are covered with plywood sticks whereas the
roof is thatched with dried coconut leaves. It is not
complete without the legendary bird,
SARIMANOK, being displayed inside.
OTHER MUSLIM ART:
1. Darangan or Bantungan, a popular epic of the
South.
2. The epic of Kapmabaning so Kiyaprawa'a Ko
Lawamen (The abduction of Lawamen)
3. The epic of Ag Tobig Nag Keboklagan (The
Kingdom of Keboklagan)
MUSLIM MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
A. String insturment are; Serogaganding is a two-
string zither: Kudyapi or boat lute the most popular
string
B. Percussion instruments are: Gamelan, Agumay,
Babandir, Gandingan, Kulintang, Gabbong,
Dabakan, Kubling
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C. Wind musical instrument are: Palendog, Sahung,
Suling
Cordillera Region
Must be given a place in the study of humanities, in
the same we emphasized and give importance in the
arts of Muslim Mindanao. People in the Cordillera
Region appreciate arts as much as the Muslims in
Mindanao are.
They are not just peace-loving people; they are also
artistic lovers of nature as evidenced by their art in
wood carving.
Many tourists and visitors in Baguio City buy
woodcraft products as souvenirs.
This region consisted of people of Cordillera
Region, comprised of the Isneg (Apayao), Tinguian
(Itneg), Kalinga, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Kankaney, have a
distinct way of life that influenced their art
traditions.
Woodcraft
wood is a primary material used by the people of
the Cordillera region in producing artistic shields,
decorated containers, hoem utensils, figurines and
religious images.
Music
Some of their musical instruments are pas-ing, a
two-stringed instrument of the Apayaos, albon a
rice drum, the sulibao a conical drum, and the
konlinga a cylindrical drum. Koleleng of bali-ing,
a nose flute; and diwdiw-as, a construction of thin
bamboo pipes of different lengths tied together.
Example: Pas-ing, Albon, Sulibao
Percussion instruments by the Cordillerans were;
gansa and the bamboo buzzers called bilbil or
bungkaka and bongabong a pair of percussion
sticks.
Example: Gansa, Bilbil, Bongabong
INDIGENOUS ARTS
They are those native arts that have grown naturally
through the years in a certain locality. It includes
Torogan of Muslim Mindanao, bahay kubo, bahay
bale, bahay na bato, and the other indigenous
house.
Indigenous Materials
native or local materials. some of these are the
sawali, coco coir, bagasse, abaca, bamboo, al fron
stems, mud bricks, rattan, rice husks, cogon, wood,
and the stone.
Sawali
material come from the outer covering of bamboo
poles. It is woven into mats and ideals for cement
backing.
Coco coir
by-product of coconut is used to minimize the use
of cement and as sandwich panels for insulation
Bagasse
is a sugar cane waste used for insulation for cement
backing
Abaca
this is a fiber material obtained from the leaf stalk
of a banana plant.
Bamboo
indigenous material that has low degree of
elasticity, low concrete adhesion, but wide variable
moisture content. It is very useful in architectural
forms sand designs, mainly as reinforcement to
concrete.
Palm Frond stems
material that is often used for non-structural panels,
walls, screens, and bases of houses. Despite being
widely used, it is susceptible to termites and have
to be replaced every 4 to 5 years.
Mud Bricks
This material is brittle, has less strength, and cannot
stand up well to tension. However, it is a choice of
building materials in places with hot, dry climates
due to its low thermal conductivity.
Bahay Kubo
Bahay na Bato
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