Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Art App Reviewer
Art App Reviewer
- Came from the Latin word “humanus” which means 1. Arts and Music
human, cultured and refined.
*A person is able to showcase the kind of life that they have before and
To be human is to show characteristic of rationality, benevolence and care. even now that’s why there is a development in arts and music.
Rationality – that’s what sets us apart from another creature. *It used as their outlet or their way of expressing themselves.
We humans have the capability to communicate with other people. We *It also serves as a way to form a bond – “what genre do you like?” –
also know how to socialize. which then starts a conversation between people.
Human – we are the highest form of animals in the kingdom animalia – for
we have the capacity to talk, to communicate, and socialize with other
people. 2. Literature
Benevolence & Care – it is already innate in us to help and being kind to *It came from the Latin word “littera” or “literatura” which means letter or
other people. written documents/written works.
Cultured & Refined – it is related to culture, a person knows his origins *We are able to know the past events as there a records &
documentations. We are able to know the kind of life that they had
or where he came from, he knows the traditions of his community. It is
before us.
important to avoid culture shock. Good manner and taste indication
that we have proper and good education. *Poetry, novels, poems, etc.
*It is somehow related to arts & music because it is also used by a person.
Humanities
3. Philosophy
- Contains the records of man’s quest for answers to
the fundamental questions often asks about himself *Used when we have questions regarding our existence.
and about the world he lives in. (Martin & Jacobus,
*Metaphysics – “ano yan?”
2004)
*Epistemology – “anong nandyan?”
Humanities – helps us answer the endless questions that humans have.
*Axiology – “ano ang kahalagahan nyan?”
And humans does not ever lack a question – the moment that they
wake up, a human already has questions even if it is simple.
5. Religious Studies
*It also somehow lessens our stress when you can’t share what you feel
to someone, you instead use arts to express what you feel.
3) Human potential for growth and development is
virtually unlimited. *We use or creativity and imagination to communicate with other people –
and for people to realize that we are interconnected – we get to
*Human potential is like learning. understand each other.
Opportunities T –
Threats
*As we people are interconnected and you aren’t the only person
feeling/experiencing that way.
Artist
Artisan
4. Music
*Skill trade and more on craftsmanship
- Art of sound which is expressed through a song.
*Furniture, jewelry, weaving
*Kundiman – harana / Filipino love song
*Their products are more on functional.
1. Painting 5. Dance
- Simply applying a pigment to a surface. - Art of body movement which is sometime joined by
*More on 2D. a musical piece.
6. Literature
- Written documents
*novels, short stories, poetry, etc.
7. Theatre
- Performance / Drama Performances
- Play
Aristotle
Plato explained that the art is an imitation of He really does not agree with what his teacher, Socrates, said. For
Aristotle – for a person to function the best way possible, he needs to
physical things which in turn are imitations of the Forms. To
feel a sort of experienced emotions – and through art, we can possibly
put it simply, ART is a copy of a copy which leads people do that.
farther from away the truth.
For example, you wanted to be a soldier but you can’t be one.
*The things we see around us – we just imitate it or we get it as an Through watching k-drama for example, through art – you can feel that
idea to create a new art. We people tend to copy things from what we somewhat you are a soldier.
see.
*Beautiful – it is effortless and it can present itself.
For example, you draw a 2d tree – we cannot say that it is actually the True
Form or the originals that Plato calls. An art form can be called beautiful if it possess the universal elements
of beauty.
According to Plato, there is a world of ideals – where everything is right
and everything is true. He would say that our life here on earth is just a
copy of the ideal world. Art just copies what is in the reality.
Immanuel Kant
ii. Universal taste
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - Is non-aesthetic and does not consider the
beauty of the work or the mystery of the artist,
“Beauty does not rest on the properties of the but rather, the work is appreciated for what it
objects or things but rather on the manner in which people
is.
respond to these objects or things.”
You like an artform because majority of people likes the art or you like the
The beauty of art depends on the person who views it. “The beauty is artwork for what it is.
in the eye of the beholder.” It depends on the person if what emotion
was aroused upon seeing the artwork. You like it because it is useful for you.
i. Subjective Taste
- Beauty does not focus on the properties of the
object itself but rather on the pleasure one
experiences as he responds to it.
It depends on a person what feelings was felt upon seeing the artwork.
What is Subject of Art? Art is human expression and the artists’ choice of subject are
clues to their inner world which tells viewers how their art
Subject of Art should be interpreted.
It is the most popular because ever since as a child, this is what we draw.
2. People
Non-Representational Arts / Non-Objective Arts
Human subjects, whether real or imagined, are the most
- Artworks that do not have subjects. interesting. How the people are depicted can offer clues to
You cannot easily comprehend the subject of art. This is more of an
the artists’ thoughts, moods, and the genre the art work is
abstract art. They use lines, shapes, colors, and strokes to present presenting.
their subject.
People can be real or imaginary. It is usually a portrait of man, woman,
or family.
We people are the only one who has the capability to show or express
different emotions. People also has different faces which is very
interesting.
4. Legends
3. History
These are their sacred texts in order to show what kind of traditions and
beliefs a certain religion has.
7. Mythology
9. Technology
Artworks can be based on the stories of the Gods and
The modern era with its tall buildings and amazing
Goddesses of Ancient Greece, Rome, Celts, Norse, and the
machines are also subject matter for the artist. Cityscapes,
Egyptians. These deities are depicted in human or animal
airplanes, cars, ships and robotic technology are the object of
forms and present humanlike behavior.
interest.
Gods of Egyptians – isn’t in human form and they are in animal form.
Naturalism
Naturalism
Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic
objects in a natural setting.
Shows natural shadows, lighting and the physical
attributes of an artwork is always accurate on human
figure.
*This is the attempt of an artist to portray what is natural. This painting was the first portrait of human painted by Vincent Van
*It may not reflect in reality since the focus of naturalism is more on Gogh and was painted for how many times. The painting was about
the physical attributes / anatomical figure of an artwork. peasants and farmers eating a potato.
Abstraction
Abstraction
“to move away or to separate from”
Subject presentation moves away from reality.
It depends on an artist on how he will present a certain idea.
It doesn’t reflect the reality.
It depends on what he feel on how he will portray the
idea. It is also subjective.
1. Distortion
2. Elongation
3. Mangling
4. Cubism
1. Distortion 3. Mangling
This is a form of abstraction results when the figures This might not be so common in paintings but may be
have been so arranged that its proportion differ significantly popular in other art forms (sculpture, theater or film). Artists
from the reality. This is manifested when the subjects is show subject as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with
misshapen or twisted out. This is done to dramatize the repeated blows.
shape of a figure or to create a dramatic/ emotional effect.
*These are artworks that are disfigured or damaged.
*It is made like that in order to dramatize its shape and to have an *The art work isn’t completed.
emotional effect.
*The subject is different from what we usually see.
*It depends on the artist on how he will present his idea.
4. Cubism
2. Elongation Abstract form is presented through the use of figures: a
In this type of abstraction, the subject is stretched cone, cylinder, sphere, triangle, square, cube, and circle in
vertically and/or some parts lengthened to give the place of real pictorial elements. The cubist want to show
impression of thinness. forms in their basic geometrical shapes.
*The subject is stretched vertically or there are parts that are lengthened. *PABLO PICASSO and GEORGES BRAQUE – proponents or
*When it is stretched horizontally, its is NOT elongation – since when it founder of cubism.
is stretched horizontally, the art widens or becomes thick.
Symbolism Dadaism
Symbolism Dadaism
Draws the viewers’ attention to what other message Does NOT follow the traditions and principles in art.
the artist may be trying to covey aside from what is Tried to shock and provoke the public with
being observed. outrageous artworks
*On what you see or observed, it ISN’T what the painter meant as you Playful/ experimental
have to decipher quotes or symbols further.
*There are a lot of hidden meanings that you need to unlock aside from *Weird artworks.
what you have observed. *MARCEL DUCHAMP – most famous artist under Dadaism. His art
*It has a lot of mysterious qualities as to why the artwork became was he bought a urinal then placed “R.Mutt 1917” and brought it to an
famous. exhibit of an organization – then the organization rejected the art which
made him resign from the organization.
*Mona Lisa at the right side was also altered by him by placing a
Mustache and a butt – L.H.O.O.Q // "Elle a chaud au cul" French
word which means she has a hot ass.
*It is also sometime political driven.
Some speculations:
*She is the girl version of Leonardo Da Vinci.
*Mona Lisa is an unfinished art as to the reason why she has no
eyebrows.
*During the type of Da Vinci, it is trend to have no facial hair.
*Da Vinci didn’t put eyebrows to Mona Lisa in order to not discover his
identity because people tells that Da Vinci is gay.
Futurism
Fauvism Futurism
Fauvism The Movement began in Italy. Its goal was to capture
the speed and force of the modern industrial society.
This movement started in France Paintings and sculptures highlight the technologies
Henri Matisse was the leader of this group. of modern life.
Fauvism literally means Wild beast.
*Showcases the modernization of our society – as well as technology.
Used bright colors which shows pictures of comfort,
joy, and pleasure.
*Uses bright colors and isn’t a reflection of reality – Alteration of colors
*”Wild Beast” – is just a derogatory remark that was stated by Henri
Matisse.
*Fauvism – “no dull moments” – since it looks like as if it was splattered by
colors.
Surrealism
Expressionism
Surrealism Emotions aroused by objects and events
Chaos, sadness, tragedy, defeat
It emphasized the activities of subconscious mind.
Shock the viewer and reveal what they consider to *Conveys more on dark emotions.
be deep, true and ugly part of human nature. *These are based on their experience and may happen in real life.
*Art – ear and eye – we judge a person even if we don’t know them or
by just hearing their stories – for us, it is what is real without knowing
them personally. We judge a person base on what we hear.
Red Wood – “Only when the last tree has been cut down,
the last fish has been caught, and the last stream poisoned,
will we realize we cannot eat money.
Expressionism
The Artist and his Medium Arts can be classified into the following
Based on Medium
How do we Classify Artists?
Performing Artists
Performing Artists
Express their art through execution in front of an
audience.
These artists are the dancers, singers, stage
performers, actors, and musician.
*Uses their body or body movements in order to express themselves.
Medium
In art, “medium” refers to the substance the artist
uses to create a piece of artwork.
2.Cross-hatching
For example, the medium Michelangelo used to create “David”
(1501- 1504) was marble. - Is drawing a series of thin parallel lines and criss-
crossing it with another set of thin parallel lines.
Marble – one of the durable stones in making a sculpture.
- This creates a tone that is darker than hatching.
3. Stippling
Pastel
- Is using the sharp point of the pencil to make dot
pattern is to create depth in some parts of the Pastel
drawing. This is composed of dry pigment held together by a
gum binder and compressed into sticks.
There are 3 kinds of pastel: soft pastel, hard pastel, & oil
pastel.
i. Stippling
Ink
- Is using pastel of different colors to produce small
Ink marks, thus, creating a pattern.
ii. Feathering
- Is using the point of the pastel to make parallel
strokes creating a feather-like effect.
iii.Scumbling
Charcoal
- Is like layering but using pastel. The side of the pastel
is lightly drawn on top of an existing color but still Charcoal
making the color of the first layer visible. This is an organic medium that comes from burnt
wood.
1. Hot-pressed is smooth
2. Cold-pressed has moderate texture
3. Rough paper which has most texture (tooth)
v. Sgrafitto
- Is applying a thick deposit of pastel on the support
then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the
underlying color and create the design.
Pigments
Pigments
A fine powder which has grounded from clay stone,
mineral, vegetable material or produced by a
chemical process.
It is mixed with a binder (vehicle), usually a liquid that
allows the powder to be spread over the flat surface
until it dries up.
Pigment – is the color itself.
Binder / Vehicle – it’s the tool used to hold and spread the color.
Mummy Brown – dark brown, it is found in Egypt.
Indian Yellow – mustard, only found in a urine or feces of a cow which only
eats mango leaves.
Harvard Art Museum – has the most pigment collection – Forbes Pigment
Collection – wherein they have more than 2000 pigments.
Collage
3. Collage
Derived from the French word “coller” means to
stick.
Collages is a technique of making an artwork by
gluing or pasting on a firm support-materials or
found objects.
How objects are arranged reflect the message the
artist wants to convey.
The artist’s presentation maybe purely aesthetic or
sentimental.
Collage as a graphic art was introduce by Picasso and
Braque, both cubist artists.
SCULPTURE 1. Freestanding
3 Kinds of Sculpture 2. Relief
i. Freestanding a. Low Relief
ii. Relief b. High Relief
Low Relief
High Relief
3. Kinetic
iii. Kinetic
ii. Relief
Sculpture
Sculpture
The word sculpture has originated from the Latin 2. Relief – these are the sculptures in which the
word ‘sculpere’ which means to carve.
figures project from a background.
It is defined as the practice of making three-
dimensional forms.
It is the art form that is described as having length,
width, and volume.
1. Subtractive
2. Additive
3. Substitution
a. Sand Casting
b. Plastic Casting
c. Lost-Wax Casting
i. Subtractive Process
HIGH RELIEF
Almost half of the figures project from its
background.
More shadows is created.
One-peso coin.
i. Stone
ii. Wood
iii. Metal
a. Stainless Steel
b. Bronze
c. Brass
iv. Plaster
v. Terra cotta (Earth Cooked)
vi. Glass
a. Hot Sculpting
2. Additive Process – construction of figure by putting b. Cold Working
together bits of the material by welding together the c. Glass Blowing
parts to create figured. vii. Plastic
i. Stone
Downside of Wood:
‘inaanay’ / being eaten by termites & becomes ‘marupok’ or
fragile.
When exposed to water & moisture, it becomes weak and
the parts of it shatters.
It is flammable since it is made of wood.
BRASS
- Is an alloy of cooper and zinc that gives it a yellowish
STAINLESS STEEL golden color.
- Is also known as INOX STEEL. - Brass is more malleable than bronze and has a lower
- It is made from combination of steel and chromium. melting point.
- This medium does not rust or stain when exposed to
moisture and water.
iv. Plaster
BRONZE
iv. Plaster
- Is an alloy of two elements: tin and cooper
- Its color reddish-brown and will corrode if constantly Specifically, PLASTER OF PARIS is finely ground
exposed to water and moisture. gypsum mixed with water and poured into the mold.
This material dries quickly, depending on the size of
It forms rust and its color fades. the mold.
After it has dried up, it can be painted with different
colors.
*Plaster of Paris – because its gypsum is from Paris.
*It is much more beautiful when painted with colors since the texture is
smooth.
*Masilya – pang smoothen sa bahay pag ginagawa.
*Plaster – removes or covers up the imperfections to avoid having a hard
time painting an art, for the texture to be smooth.
*Sinesementong braso or what
vi. Glass
COLD WORKING
- Is using a cold hardened glass.
- This involves sandblasting, engraving, polishing, and
grinding to create the sculpture glass.
The process being conducted is subtractive process
vi. Glass
This is made by heating and cooling a combination of
sand and soda lime.
Glass may be transparent, translucent, or opaque.
It can be molded into various shapes and colors.
This is a very classy and sophisticated type of sculpture.
GLASS BLOWING
- Is gathering of molten glass from the furnace using
a blowpipe.
- Air is blown into the pipe and shapes the glass
before it cools down.
Products of these are light bulbs.
vii. Plastic
vii. Plastic
Is a synthetic medium made from organic polymers.
While plastic is soft, it can be molded into a form.
Sculptures using plastic are usually reproductions of
original work.
Casting can also be considered in here.
An example of this are toys.