Experiment # 2

Title
Drilling (used to make holes).

Objective

• To demonstrate the parts and working of drill machine.

• To understand the process of drilling holes.

Introduction
Drilling is used to make circular hole by removing extra material. It is used to make hole in
metal or work piece. It is versatile machine. By using a drill bit we make a hole in work piece.
The size of hole is measured by using diameter. We used a different size of diameter and drill
bit in it.
There is a base in machine where all the weight of the machine is carried. There is a column
at the right side of the base. Column is made of steel. There is a ram on the column on which
motor, belt, step cone pulley, spindle head, and drill bit.
Usually, V belt is prefer because when speed is high it does not slip. Belt drive power to one
pulley to other. Step pulley is increased or decrease the speed of the rotation of the motor. In
the spindle head there is a rack, pinion and chuck is present. At the end of the chuck there is
a drill bit is present. There is a table clamp is used for moving in a vertical and horizontal
direction. There is a work table where work piece is placed.
Types
1. Portable drill machine
It is a small and portable drill machine. In this machine a hole is drilled easily.
2. Sensitive drill machine
It is a light weight drill machine used for small work. It is sense or penetrate by a skilled
worker. If a worker is skilled than the hole is easily penetrated by the worker.
3. Column or pillar drill machine
It is same as the sensitive drill machine but large in size as compared to sensitive drill
machine.
4. Radial arm drill machine
It is same as the column drill machine but rotate at the angle of 360° but column drill
machine not rotate at 360°.
5. Automatic drill machine
It is based on computer coding parameters. By using different coding parameters holes is
formed in the work-piece.
6. Gang drill machine
 It has different spindle and head and formed many different holes by different chuck.
7. Multi spindle drill machine
It is same as gang drill machine but have same head with different spindles.
8. Turret drill machine
It is same as multi spindle drill machine but turret present at the head.
Operations
• Boring (already have drilling but increase diameter)
• Reaming (clean the hole)
• Counter sinking (V shape for fit the live head of the machine)
• Counter boring (holes made for net)
• Spot facing (plane the surface)
• Tapping (normal threading formed by head)
Apparatus
• Base ( all the weight of the machine is carried)
• Pillar (provide support to spindle head)
• Motor (rotate the pulley)
• Step pulley (increase and decrease the speed of the rotation of motor)
• Shaft ( pulley is present on the shaft)
• V belt (drive power to one pulley to another)
• Spindle ( teeth shape rack, pinion and chuck is present)
• Chuck ( at the end of the chuck there is a drill bit)
• Work table ( on which work piece is present)
• Table clamp (moves in vertical and horizontal direction)

Methodology
• Firstly, the work piece is placed on the work table. There is a motor present on the
column. The two pulley opposite in direction attached with motor.
• Motor shaft is rotate then first pulley on the motor is rotate. Then this motion
transmitted to 2nd pulley.
• On the 2nd pulley there is a drill spindle is present. When spindle motor rotates motion
transmitted to pulley.
• In spindle there is a rank , pinion and chuck is present. At the head of the chuck there
is a drill bit moves up and down. Then drill bit makes a hole in the work piece.
• For measuring and marking tools:
Scriber (like a pencil and make a spot on the work piece)
Centre punch ( used to make angel about 80° or 90° and less sharp than prick punch)
Prick punch ( Used to make angel 60° or less it’s tip is sharp than centre punch)

Conclusion
Drilling is used to make a hole in large work piece. It is cheap and versatile method of
making holes in a work piece.
We make a hole of :
12mm length
4.5mm width
2mm height
10mm diameter