Drugs for Inflammation and

Immune Modulation
Inflammation
Inflammation
Chemical Mediators
Steps in acute inflammation
 aspirin

• Class- salicylate
• MOA- Blocks pain impulses in CNS; reduces
inflammation by inhibition of prostaglandin;
synthesis; antipyretic action results from
vasodilatation of peripheral vessels;
decreases platelet aggregation
• uses- Decreased pain, inflammation, fever;
absence of MI, transient ischemic attacks,
thrombosis
• CI- Pregnancy D; breastfeeding,
hypersensitivity, bleeding
aspirin
Dosage and route
•Arhtritis- adult=PO 3g/day Q4-6h; pedia= >25kg PO or rect
90-130mg/kg/day
•MI, stroke- PO 50-325 mg/day
•Pain/fever- adult= PO/rect 325-650mg q4h prn, max 4g/day; pedia=PO
10-15mkd q4h, max 4g/day
Nursing precautions
•Do not break, crash, chew
•Give with food or milk; separate by 2hr of enteric product; absorption
may be slowed
aspirin
ADVERSE EFFECTS
•CNS: Stimulation, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, seizures, headache,
flushing, hallucinations, coma
•CV: Rapid pulse, pulmonary edema
•EENT: Tinnitus, hearing loss
•ENDO: Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia
•GI: Nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding, diarrhea, heartburn, anorexia,
hepatitis, GI ulcer
•HEMA: Thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia,
hemolytic anemia, increased PT, PTT, bleeding time
•INTEG: Rash, urticaria, bruising
•RESP: Wheezing, hyperpnea, bronchospasm
•SYST: Reye’s syndrome (children), anaphylaxis, laryngeal edema
Selected Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Treatment of Inflammation
Steps in the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Vaccination Immunization

• Process of introducing a foreign substance into the body to trigger

immune activation before the patient is exposed to the real pathogen
• Goal is to induce long-lasting immunity to a pathogen without
producing an illness in an otherwise healthy person
Vaccination Immunization

• Four methods of producing safe and effective vaccines include the

following:
• Attenuated (live) vaccines
• Inactivated (killed) vaccines
• Toxoids
• Recombinant vaccines
Mechanisms of active and passive immunity
Biologic Response Modifiers

• Interferons (IFNs)
• Cytokines secreted by lymphocytes and macrophages
• Slow the spread of viral infections
• Enhance the activity of existing leukocytes.

• Interleukins
• Levamisole (Ergamisole) stimulate B cells, T cells, and macrophages in
patients with colon cancer
• Bacille Calmette-Guéin (BCG) vaccine (TICE, TheraCys) is an attenuated strain
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, used for the pharmacotherapy of certain
types of bladder cancer.