ORA000003 CDMA2000 Principle (NSS) ISSUE1.2

ORA000003 CDMA2000
Principle
ISSUE 1.2
Wireless
Wireless Curriculum
Curriculum Development
Development Section
Section
Objectives
After this presentation, you will be familiar with:
z the development of mobile communication system
z the structure of CDMA2000 network
z the number planning in CDMA2000 network
2
Confidential Information of Huawei.
No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Course Organization
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies
Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning
3
Development of Mobile Communications
Introduction
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

1980s (analog) 1990s (digital) current (digital)
GSM UMTS
AMPS
WCDMA
CDMA
TACS IS95
Voice to Broadband CDMA
Analog to Digital
2000
NMT TDMA
IS-136 TD-
OTHERS SCDMA
PDC
3G provides:
9 Complete integrated service solutions
9 High bandwidth
9 Unified air interface
9 Best spectral efficiency and
……………… a step towards PCS
4
Transmission Techniques
Introduction
CDMA Traffic channels: different

Power users are assigned unique
code and transmitted over
y
nc the same frequency band,
Tim que
e re for example, WCDMA and
F
CDMA2000
TDMA
Power
Traffic channels: different time slots
y are allocated to different users, for
e nc
Ti m
r equ example, DAMPS and GSM
e F
FDMA Us
e
Us ser r
U
Us e r
Power Us e r
Us er Traffic channels: different frequency bands
er
cy are allocated to different users,for example,
u en
T im eq
e Fr AMPS and TACS
5
3G Objectives
Introduction
3G is developed to achieve:
z Universal frequency band for standard and seamless global
coverage
z High quality of service with complete security and reliability
z Easy and smoothly transition from 2G to 3G, compatible with 2G
z Provide multimedia services, with the rates:
Î Vehicle environment: 144kbps
Î Walking environment: 384kbps
Î Indoor environment: 2Mbps
6
Standards for 3G
Introduction
CDMA2000
3GPP2
FDD mode
WCDMA TD-SCDMA
3GPP 3G system CWTS
FDD mode TDD mode
7
Development of CDMA
Introduction
CDMA2000
3X
CDMA2000 307.2kbps
IS95A IS95A Heavier voice

115.2kbps service capacity ;
9.6kbps CDMA2000
Longer period of 1X EV
standby time
1995 1998
1X EV-DO
1X EV-DV
2000
2003
z Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

z Higher packet data rate and more diversified services
z Smooth transit to 3G
8
CDMA2000 1X Network Structure
Introduction
A1(Signaling)
A2(Traffic)
Abis
A3(Signaling & Traffic)
A7(Singaling)
A11(Signaling)
A10(Traffic)
MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center
HLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register
PCF: Packet data Control Function PDSN: Packet Data Service Node
HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent
SCP: Service Control Point Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service
9
Course Organization
Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks
10
Spreading and De-spreading
CDMA Techniques & Technologies
The improvement of time-domain information rate means that the bandwidth of spectrum-domain
information is spread.
S（f） S（f）
information
information
f0 f f0 f
The spectrum before spreading The spectrum after spreading
S（f） S（f）
information
Interference/noise
Interference/noise
information
f0 f f0 f
The spectrum before despreading The spectrum after despreading
information pulse interference White noise
S(f) is the energy density. 11

The Principle of RAKE Receiver
Transmission
signal
S(t)
RAKE Receiver- multi-path fading 12

The Principle of RAKE Receiver
Correlator 1
Correlator 2 Combiner The combined

Receive set signal
Correlator 3
Calculate the
Searcher correlator
time delay and
signal strength
s(t) s(t)
t t
RAKE antennas help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance

the receive performance of the system
13
Handoff
Soft handoff
It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector before
breaking the link with the serving sector
Softer handoff
Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is occurred between
multi-sectors in the same base station
Hard handoff
Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not
synchronized or are not on the same frequency. Interruption in
voice or data communication occurs but this interruption does
not effect the user communication
14
Soft/Softer Handoff
• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoff
• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs
Power received from

a single sector
Combine all the

power from each
sector
15
Course Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques & Technologies
Chapter 3 CDMA Core Network
Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning
16
A typical CDMA Network
CDMA Core Network
T9 Di
EIR IP HLR IP ISDN
F T3 T2 T5
T8 T1
MSC SCP SCP SSP PSTN
E Ai
MS Um A Di
BS MSC ISDN
Ai
C B
H D
Q AC HLR VLR
N G
SME SME MC MC VLR

M M M
17
CDMA Interfaces
CDMA Core Network
MC/VM Mobile Customer Service Center

PSTN/ISDN
Other MSCs IS-41
SS7 SS7
IS-41
SDH SS7
Other PLMNs
BSC MSC/SSP/VLR GMSC/SSP
IOS4.0 TCP/IP
IS95---- BTS IS-41

CDMA2000 OMC IS-41
INTERNET
MS SCP
IS-41
BTS
HLR/AC STP
MSC:
MSC: Mobile-service
Mobile-service Switching
Switching Center
Center BSC:
BSC: Base
Base Station
Station Controller
Controller
MC: Short Message Center
MC: Short Message Center HLR:
HLR: Home Location Register
Home Location Register
BTS:
BTS: Base
Base Transceiver
Transceiver Station
Station VM: Voice Mailbox
VM: Voice Mailbox
VLR: Visitor Location Register
VLR: Visitor Location Register OMC:
OMC: Operation
Operation && Maintenance
Maintenance Center
Center
AC:
AC: Authentication
Authentication Center
Center SCP: Service Control Point
SCP: Service Control Point 18
CDMA Services
CDMA Core Network
Schools, groups
•Universal account number
•Sectorized and time shared
charge
•Broadcast news
Businesses, enterprises
•Mobile virtual private Family
network •Familiarity number
•Mobile high-speed •Life & amusement
network access
•Advertising services
•Free phone
Individuals
•Individualized services
•Privacy
19
CDMA Feature Services---Example 1
CDMA Core Network
Ruyi lock
Where is my mobile
Features: a mobile phone user can dial the phone? It is lucky to
have Ruyi lock!
access code and input the PIN code to
lock/unlock his mobile phone by using any
fixed telephone instead of registering and
paying at a business hall.
Why can’t I make a call

the moment I picked it up?
20
CDMA Core Network
You can register for a

FOLLOW ME forwarding service on
your own
Features: a user can activate call forwarding
of his/he MS from any phone to ensure that
any incoming call of a mobile phone user will
not be lost.
I forgot to bring my mobile phone, but I

will have an important customer to
meet this afternoon. What should I do?
21
CDMA Core Network
Friendshipcom
Features: After a called user subscribes for
this service, the system requires password
to caller. A call is accomplished only if the He can no longer
password is correct. Otherwise, the call will reach me!
be rejected or transferred.
Does that guy still Why? Ask me to input a

bother you recently? password?
22
CDMA Core Network
LOOK FOR service

Feature 1: When a user makes a call to an intra-group user, the
terminals of all intra-group users ring in-turn or simultaneously
until there is a reply.
Intra-group user
23
CDMA2000---Data Services
CDMA Core Network
2,000 Video Streaming
Still Imaging
Remote
Data rate in Kbps
384 Medical
High-quality
Audio Streaming videoconference Service
144 Sports, news and
weather report on
Text Messaging demand
128 Low-quality videoconference
Voice Mobile TV
64 Image
Electronic
newspaper Video Surveillance,
Voice
Mail JPEG Video Mail, Travel
32 Electronic book Singing room Still Photos E-commerce
Fax E-Mail
9.6
Telephone Data Mobile
(Voice) Radio
0
Weather, transportation, news, sports and securities
24
Locating Services
CDMA Core Network
3GPP2 uses the following 3 standards for MS location:
z GPS-aided measurement
Î Accuracy: suburbs---10m.
City zone---30~70m.
Indoor --unable to locate
Î Response time: 3~10s
z Measurement of base station pilot phase

Î Accuracy: 50~200m
Î Response time: 3~6s
z Locating of a cell ID
Î Accuracy: depends on the size of a cell
Î Response time: within 3s
25
Locating Services
CDMA Core Network
110! Bandit!
z The system transfers the alarm to the nearest alarm

processing center based on the location.
z An emergency button can be set on a user’s mobile phone to
so that an alarm can be reported without any conversation or
delay.
26
Equal Access of Toll Calls
CDMA Core Network
HLR
CDMA/
PSTN INTERNET
Toll route after

Original toll route MSC/GMSC subscription
Operators who subscribe

for toll services
z Help mobile operators to absorb large quantities of toll

services
z Users subscribe to select toll operators to ensure quality
of service.
Users who subscribe for
z Enable users to save toll call charge (premium strategy) toll services
z Make an IP toll call without dialing a preamble
27
Course Contents
Chapter 3: CDMA Core Network
28
Definition of Coverage Areas
CDMA Number Planning
Service area
PLMN area
MSC area
Location area
Cell area
Sector
area
29
Parameters Involved
In a CDMA system, the following parameters are

defined to identify a user and his location:
zMIN/IMSI
z MDN
z ESN
z TLDN
z SID/NID
z LAI
z GCI
z SIN
z SSN
30
MIN/IMSI
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits 2 digits
MCC MNC MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

For example, 0907550001/460030907550001
31
MDN
CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCD
International mobile subscriber DN
National valid mobile subscriber number
Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001
32
ESN
A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single

MS. An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:
31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturer’s number retained equipment SN
For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)
The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.
33
TLDN
CC + MAC + 44 + H 0H 1H 2 + ABC
Temporary local directory number
For example, 8613344755001
34
SID/NID
MSCID (Exchange Identity)
= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)
is used to represent a certain set of equipment in an

NSS network. For example,
Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01
35
Location Area Identity (LAI)
z PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of

which depends on traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling flow ,
etc.
z Format: MCC+MNC+LAC
Î MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is 460.
Î MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the MNC of
Unicom is 03.
Î LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code.
0000 cannot be used with FFFE.
z For example, 460030100
36
Global Cell Identity (GCI)
z The unique ID of a cell in PLMN

z Format: LAI+CI
z CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code,
pre defined by the engineering department. The first 3
digits and the last digit represent the base station
number and the sector number respectively. For an
omni-directional site, the last digit of CI is 0.
z For example, 4600301001230 shows base station number
123 contains an omni-directional site
37
Sender Identification Number (SIN)
MSC number
The MSC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09
+H0H1H2H3 + 1000.
HLR number
The HLR number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 0000.
SMC number
The SMC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 2000.
SCP number
The SCP number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 3000.
09 is used by China Unicom, this number is distributed
uniquely in the world.
38
Sub-System Number (SSN)
z SSN of MSC: 8
z SSN of VLR: 7
z SSN of HLR: 6
z SSN of AC: 10
z SSN of SMC: EE
z SSN of SCP: EF
z SSN of A interface: FE/FC
z SSN of SCCP management: 1
39
Summary
z Brief Development History of Mobile Communication

Î Analog--digital--code division
Î Objectives of 3G and comparison of 3 systems
z CDMA network structure and Technical features
z Service provided in CDMA network
z Number planning in CDMA Network
40
41

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ORA000003 CDMA2000

After this presentation, you will be familiar with:

z the development of mobile communication system

z the structure of CDMA2000 network

z the number planning in CDMA2000 network

Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks

Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

CDMA Traffic channels: different

IS95A IS95A  Heavier voice

z Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks

Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning

information pulse interference White noise

S(f) is the energy density. 11

RAKE Receiver- multi-path fading 12

Correlator 2 Combiner The combined

RAKE antennas help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance

• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoff

• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs

Power received from

Combine all the

Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3 CDMA Core Network

Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning

SME SME MC MC VLR

MC/VM Mobile Customer Service Center

IS95---- BTS IS-41

Why can’t I make a call

You can register for a

I forgot to bring my mobile phone, but I

Does that guy still Why? Ask me to input a

LOOK FOR service

2,000 Video Streaming

3GPP2 uses the following 3 standards for MS location:

z Measurement of base station pilot phase

z The system transfers the alarm to the nearest alarm

Toll route after

Operators who subscribe

z Help mobile operators to absorb large quantities of toll

Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3: CDMA Core Network

Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning

In a CDMA system, the following parameters are

Not more than 15 digits

MCC MNC MSIN

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

International mobile subscriber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Temporary local directory number

For example, 8613344755001

MSCID (Exchange Identity)

= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)

is used to represent a certain set of equipment in an

Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01

z PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of

z For example, 460030100

IS95A IS95A Heavier voice