CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying

Module 02: Bill of Quantities

Lesson 2.3 CONCRETE WORKS

Lesson Overview
This lesson discusses the process of quantifying and costing of Concrete works
which includes the materials for Concrete, Formworks, Falseworks, Scaffolding,
Reinforcements.

By the end of this lesson, the student must be able to apply the skills necessary for
estimating concrete works.

Coverage of Concrete Works

Concrete Works refers to construction using concrete with reinforcements and the
other necessary materials for production.

Concrete Works cover a large scope, however, this usually use the following
materials:
a. Concrete refers to the stone-like material that consists of a binder and
aggregates. In a regular concrete, the materials used are usually cement, as the
binder, and Sand and Gravel, as your aggregate.
1. Cement, usually Hydraulic Cement, is a power compound that reacts with
water and solidifies to bind the aggregates. Cement are usually sold in 40 kg
bags but may also be sold in 1 ton bags.
2. Sand to be used for concrete works are usually river sand. These are
normally sold by cubic meters.
3. Gravel to be used for concrete works may be natural gravel, usually 1” in
size, or crushed gravel, usually ¾” in size. These are normally sold by cubic
meters.

Mixtures of Concrete
Concrete mixtures are based on the required strength for a member. The table
below shows the most common proportions of the materials to achieve specific
strengths.
Proportion
Potential Mixture
Fine Coarse
Strength, psi Class Cement
Aggregate Aggregate
4000 AA 1 1½ 3
3500 A 1 2 4
3000 B 1 2½ 5
2500 C 1 3 6

1
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

b. Reinforcements refers to the material that is embedded to the concrete which

provideds additional compressive strength to the concrete and serves as the
material that caters to the tensile forces applied to the concrete. In a regular
reinforced concrete, the material used is Reinforcing Bars that is tied together
with Tie Wires.
1. Reinforcing Bars, or Rebars, refers
Rebar Diameter
to the deformed steel round bars that size inches mm
is used as reinforcements for concrete #3 3/8 10
#4 4/8 or 1/2 12
members. They are categorized #5 5/8 16
according to their strength by Grade #6 6/8 or 3/4 20
#8 8/8 or 1 25
which are (i.) Grade 33 (White Tag), #9 9/8 28
(ii.) Grade 40 (Yellow Tag), and #10 10/8 or 1 1/4 32
#11 11/8 36
Grade 60 (Green Tag). Furthermore,
available Rebars are based on their diameters which are found on the table.

Rebars are usually sold in 6 meter lengths or by weight if purchased in bulk.

Standard Hooks and Bends

45° 90 180 135

Hooks

Bends

Standard Length of Hooks and Bends

Other
Diameter Stirrups and Ties
Reinforcements
of Bar
A B A B
10 4db 6db 6db 4db
12 4db 6db 6db 4db
16 4db 6db 6db 4db
20 6db 12db 6db 4db
25 6db 12db 6db 4db
28 8db 4db
32 8db 4db
36 8db 4db
Note: db = diameter of bar

2
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

2. Tie Wire is a material that is used to affix two intersecting rebars. These tie
wires are usuall Galvanized Iron (G.I.) wires that are catergorized by wire
gauge and are cut at 400 mm lengths in preparation for installion. In the
construction, the usual tie wire to be used is usually Ga. 16 G.I. Tie wires
which are sold in kilograms and has an approximate length of 50-53 meters.

c. Formworks, Falseworks, and Scaffoldings is a system that supports concrete

during its casting/pouring, setting, and curring. Furthermore, this system also
supports the personnel and and equipment necessary for the casting/pouring,
setting, and curring of concrete.
1. Forms are materials that holds the concrete in place and serves as the cast
for the concrete. This is usually made of wood panels, more specifically
plywood or phenolic boards, with wooden supports.

Typical Column Formworks

Note:
• Lapping is based on the thickness of the
form but us usually set at 50 mm

• Ideal Spacing for both vertical and

horizontal stud spacing is at 400 mm
maximum.

3
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

Typical Tie Beam Formworks

Note:
• Ideal Spacing for both
vertical and horizontal
stud spacing is at 400
mm maximum.

Typical Beam Formworks

Exterior Beams Interior Beams

Note:
• Lapping is based on the thickness of the form but us usually set at 50 mm

• Ideal Spacing for both vertical and horizontal stud spacing is at 400 mm
maximum.
4
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

Typical Slab Formworks

Note:
• Ideal Spacing for both vertical and horizontal stud spacing is at 400 mm
maximum.

2. Falseworks are materials that supports the forms in place. These are usually
made using wood or steel tubes.
3. Scaffolding are materials that supports the personnel and equipment during
the casting/pouring, setting, and curring of concrete. These are usually made
the same way as the falseworks.

Estimating Concrete Works

The process for estimating Concrete Works is as follows:

A. Plan and Specifications Reading

The following drawings and requirements are necessary to perform the plan reading
for Concrete Works:
Foundation Plan - Location and Orientation of Items such as Footing,
Columns, and Tie Beams
Floor Framing Plan - Location and Orientation of Items such as Columns,
Beams, and Slabs
Schedule of - Materials and Sizing of Members
Footings, Columns, - Materials, Sizing, and Placements of Rebars
Beams, Slabs

5
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

B. Quantity Take-off
Quantifying Concrete Works depends on the materials being used. Below are the
different methods in quantifying the materials presented on the previous section.

a. Quantifying Concrete
1. Determing the Volume of Concrete (VC) to be quantified.
2. Multiply the Volume of Concrete (VC) with the required materials per cubic
meters of concrete to determine the Quantities for each Material.

Quantity of Materials
Proportion
Mixture
Cement Sand Gravel
Class
40 kg. Bags (cu.M.) (cu.M.)
AA 12 0.50 1.00
A 9 0.50 1.00
B 7.5 0.50 1.00
C 6 0.50 1.00
Source: Simplified Construction Estimates, M.B. Fajardo Jr.

b. Quantifying Reinforcement Works (Rebars)

1. Determine the Length of the Member (LB) to be quantified. Note: this
process can be expedited by preparing a Material Cut/Cutting List.

Simplified Lengths for Hooks

Diameter Other Reinforcements (mm)
of Bar Bend 45° Hook 90° Hook 180° Hook 135° Hook
10 60 75 105 170 135
12 72 90 125 200 165
16 96 115 165 270 215
20 120 145 210 335 270
25 150 180 260 415 340
28 224 225 335 555 445
32 256 255 380 635 505
36 288 290 430 710 570

Diameter Stirrups and Ties (mm)

of Bar Bend 45° Hook 90° Hook 180° Hook 135° Hook
10 40 85 110 155 135
12 48 105 130 190 160
16 64 135 175 250 210
20 120 305 370 495 430
25 150 380 460 615 540

6
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

2. Divide the Length of the Member (L B) to be quantified by the Length of

Commercially Available Rebar to determine the Number of Bars per
Available Lengths (NL).
3. Compute for the Total of Number of Members (NB).
4. Divide the Total of Number of Members (NB) by the Number of Bars per
Available Lengths (NL) to determine the required Quantity of Rebars (in
Lengths)
5. Multiply the quantity of Rebars (in lengths) by the weight per length of the
material to determine the required Quantity of Rebars (in Kilogram).

c. Quantifying Tie Wire

1. Determine the No. of Intersectons (NI) to be quantified.
2. Multiply the Length of each Tie Wire by the No. of Intersectons (N) to
determine the Total Length (LT) required.
3. Divide the Total Length (LT) by the length per kilogram of material to
determine the required Quantity of Tie Wire (in Kilogram).

d. Quantifying Forms (Panels)

1. Determine the Surface Area (SA) of the member that sill be in contact with
concrete.
2. Divide the Surface Area (SA) by the Area of Commercially Available
Panels to determine the Quantity of Panels (in sheets).

e. Quantifying Forms (Supports, Lumber)

1. Determine the Length of the Member (LM) to be quantified. Note: this
process can be expedited by preparing a Material Cut/Cutting List.
2. Divide the Length of the Member (LM) by the Length of Commercially
Available Lumber (L A) to determine the quantities (in lengths).
3. Multiply the quantity of Timber/Lumber (in lengths) by the conversion factor
for board foot to determine the required Quantity of Lumber (in board foot).

f. Quantifying Falseworks
1. Calculate the quantity required for Flaseworks using the table below.
Columns Beams (bd ft per Floor (bd ft
Lumber
(bd ft per Meter of Height) Meter of Length) per Sq. M)
Size
Vert. Hor. Brace Vert. Hor.
2” x 2” 4.70 21.00 11.70 4.00 4.70 6.10
2” x 3” 7.00 31.67 17.50 6.00 7.00 9.10
2” x 4” 9.35 42.25 23.35 8.00 9.35 12.10

7
 CEng 134n: Quantity Surveying
Module 02: Bill of Quantities

C. Cost Computation
Cost for Concrete Works will vary based on the units based on the commercially
available material. As a general process, the quantities determined are then
multiplied by the cost per unit of the material to determine the total cost.

End of Lesson