2nd PromoMoon Initiative for Moon Village Generation

in honor of Dr. Alexander Degtyarev

 Charalampos (Charis) KOSMAS
Lunar Cargo P.C., Greece
18 July 2023, 16:00 CET 2
829610992
829610992
829610992

O.P.L.O.N.A.S. M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S.
https://vimeo.com/829609499 https://vimeo.com/829610992

18 July 2023, 16:00 CET 3

 BACKGROUND
Ehricke Krafft
• Krafft Arnold Ehricke (24/03/17 –11/12/84) “accomplished practitioner in the field of
astrodynamics and its applications”,
• Had suggested a LUNAR SLIDE LANDER

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 FLAT AREAS

Span of Oceanus Procellarum 2500 km

Precision of elevation maps improves from having an error size of 60 meters/pixel to 90 centimeters/pixel
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 MOUNTAINS / Crater Rims

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 Lunar missions in next ten years by NSR (North Star Research)
• Predictions at March 2021 140 missions
• Prediction at March 2022 250 missions
• Prediction at March 2023 400 missions

• i.e. 286 % in 2 years

• These figures have been acknowledged by ESA and constitute the basis of ESA
planning.

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 THE PROBLEM
• Landing on the Moon requires a descend
stage which burns fuel. The fuel and the
associated hardware typically constitute ≈
70% of a spacecraft that lands on the
Moon. i.e payload is limited to ≈ 30% of
the orbiting spacecraft.
• Apollo Lunar Module total = 15034
• Apollo LM Descend Stage 10334 kg = 69%
• Apollo LM Ascend Stage 4700 kg = 31%
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 The SOLUTION
• Shifting the requirement of velocity reduction (from 1,626 km
/s to 0), to means present at the surface. On the long run
reverse rail-guns could do the job. On the beginning however,
a simple solution based almost entirely on a thin wire or Zylon
multi filament thread of several kilometers long could do the
trick. (It could be seen as the equivalent of parachute on
airless bodies).
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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.1)
Momentum Absorption Catcher for Express Delivery On Non-Atmospheric Somata

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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.2)
The CATCHER

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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.3)
Deceleration over 10 km = 15 g

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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.4)
Landing on safety cushion (pulverised regolith) / net

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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.5)
MACEDONAS operating principle
• The catcher, is an apparatus that resembles a butterfly catcher
but having multiple (embedded) layers of nets that can, all but
the last one, be perforated by the parcel.
• The core wire, attached to the rim of the catcher, engages
mechanically and follows the ballistic trajectory of the parcel.
• The dendritic system/net, consisting of successive wire
segments, engages one by one and decelerates the parcel to 0
velocity before it falls to rest on a safety net / dune of sand)
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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.6)
MACEDONAS FEATURES
1. Minimal mass (of wire) for being established.
2. Can be installed anywhere on the Lunar surface.
3. Highly configurable to accommodate varying size of parcels
(initially sub Kilo to several Kilos).
4. Reusable within 2 hours, hundreds to thousands of times.
5. Scalable, almost indefinitely.
6. Works with passive parcels.
7. ZERO surface EJECTA
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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.7)
MACEDONAS FEATURES
8. PORTABLE, suitable for rescue supplies.
9. Material of choice for dendritic system Zylon® / Dyneema®
with metallic skin of wire mesh by Gummetal®.
10. Material of choice A for catcher TSAM “TALIN shock-
absorbing material :
https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.29.518433

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 M.A.C.E.D.O.N.A.S. (1.8)
MACEDONAS FEATURES
11. Material of choice B for catcher: Superior mechanical
properties by exploiting size-effects and multiscale
interactions in hierarchically architected foams
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2022.101899
12. Supersonic impact resilience of nanoarchitected carbon
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01033-z

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 O.P.L.O.N.A.S. (2.1)
Oversized Payload for Landing On Non Atmospheric Somata

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 O.P.L.O.N.A.S. (2.2)
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Lands on Flat areas (initially untreated, then treated).
2. Minimal fuel for spot landing and steering for obstacle
avoidance.
3. Exploits “Roll-Friction” for dumping kinetic energy.
4. Wheel shaped, flexible protective volume to negotiate
obstacles (27m <).
5. Enormous scaling potential (100s of tones) & evolvable
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 O.P.L.O.N.A.S. (2.3)
CHARACTERISTICS
6. Low speed surface ejecta (max 1.6 km/sec), within a
corridor, (not omnidirectional as by landers).
7. Inflatable torus for active rolling to delivery point.
8. Payload Hub can be up-cycled as habitat.
9. Flexible elements (axial tethers and Perimetric) can be up-
cycled (to construct a MACEDONAS).
10. Efficiency evolvable at each mission, asymptotic to 320%.
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 O.P.L.O.N.A.S. (2.4)
Recent developments
• High-resolution topography from planetary images and laser
altimetry: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2022.105514
• Knots are not for naught: Design, properties, and topology of
hierarchical intertwined microarchitected materials :
10.1126/sciadv.ade6725

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 O.P.L.O.N.A.S. (2.5)
Operating Principle
• The core spacecraft (cylinder 6m Diameter, 9 Length) is
launched, with the flexible parts wrapped around.
• Upon arrival to low lunar orbit (LLO) spacecraft spins up (8.62
r/s) and deploys the wheel shaped flexible shielding.
• Landing on flat Lunar surface (ex. Mare Imbrium) and kinetic
energy dumping by roll friction.
• A torus is inflated, when centrifugal forces can’t maintain
rigidity of shielding. Active rolling to destination.
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 STATUS
• First Patent expected soon (Intention to grant communicated
by EPO, per article 71(3) EPC).
• Full Advisory Board for Europe+ established.
• 2 Investors, capable for full scale deployment, engaged.
• International co-development partners welcome.

Charis.Kosmas@LunarCargo.space
18 July 2023, 16:00 CET 23