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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

Article in The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne · December 2006
Source: PubMed Central

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Judith B Koenig
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of this outbreak, CWD was not recognized as a syndrome,
and infected animals may have been dispersed within North
America. Clearly, no one is at fault, but zoos and collections
should investigate their pattern of cervid deaths for suggestions
of CWD. In addition, all cervids that die in zoos should be
tested for CWD until collections can be presumed free, and
animals should only be imported from premises with a CWD
testing program.
Finally, we cannot stress enough the importance of adequate
record keeping. This investigation demonstrates the value of
maintaining detailed and retrievable records and laboratory
samples, and the benefits of cooperation among concerned
agencies and institutions.
Acknowledgments
We thank the staff at the Toronto Zoo for their help and coop-
eration, particularly Drs. Bill Rapley and Graham Crawshaw.
Special thanks to Mrs. Carol-Lee Ernst of the Department of
Pathobiology, University of Guelph, who retrieved postmortem
records and tissue blocks for testing. The authors also thank
Dr. Terry Spraker of Colorado State University for his helpful
comments on IHC diagnosis and Dr. Katherine O’Rourke of
ARS, USDA, Pullman, Washington, for providing antibodies.
Finally, thanks to Bruce Ullett who performed histological
preparations and IHC assays. CVJ
References
1. Willams ES, Young S. Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer:
A spongiform encephalopathy. J Wildl Dis 1980;16:89–98.
Book Review
Compte rendu de livre
Clinical Anatomy of the Horse
Clayton HM, Flood PF, Rosenstein DS. Mosby Elsevier,
London, UK, 2005, 122 pp. ISBN 0-7234-3302-X.
I n the introduction, the authors state “…..the atlas is not
intended to be a comprehensive anatomical reference book;
instead, it is an illuminating companion to these texts”. The
authors have certainly achieved this goal. The title accurately
reflects the contents of this book, as it truly depicts the anatomy
of the horse as is needed for clinical purposes. The table of
­contents divides this book into the major regions of the body
(i.e., head, hindlimb, etc.).
Each chapter includes first the skeletal anatomy, and then
illustrates the different layers from the outside to the inside,
which creates a framework that allows information to be pre-
sented in a concise and organized manner.
What I really like about this book is that photographs of vari-
ous anatomical preparations are paired with either endoscopic
views, radiographic, ultrasonographic, or computer tomographic
images. This allows the reader to make the correlation between
CVJ / VOL 47 / DECEMBER 2006
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2. Williams ES, Young S. Spongiform encephalopathies in Cervidae. Rev
Sci Tech 1992;11:551–567.
3. Williams ES, Miller MW. Chronic wasting disease in deer and elk in
North America. Rev Sci Tech 2002;21:305–316.
4. Canadian Food Inspection Agency Disease Control Manual, Section 24
— Chronic wasting disease — Part 1, Eradication. Ottawa, July 10,
2002.
5. Williams ES, Miller MW. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
in non-domestic animals: Origin, transmission and risk factors. Rev Sci
A R T I C LE
Tech 2003;22:145–156.
6. Williams ES, Miller MW, Kreeger TJ, Kahn RH, Thorne ET. Chronic
wasting disease of deer and elk: A review with recommendations for
management. J Wildl Manage 2002; 66:551–563.
7. Miller MW, Williams ES, Hobbs NT, Wolfe LL. Environmental
sources of prion transmission in mule deer. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:
1003–1006.
8. Spraker TR, O’Rourke KI, Balachandran A, et al. Validation of mono-
clonal antibody F99/97.6.1 for immunohistochemical staining of brain
and tonsil in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting
disease. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002;14:3–7.
9. O’Rourke KI, Baszler TV, Miller JM, et al. Monoclonal antibody
F89/160.1.5 defines a conserved epitope on the ruminant prion protein.
J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:1750–1755.
10. Haritani M, Spencer YI, Wells GAH. Hydrated autoclave pretreat-
ment enhancement of prion protein immunoreactivity in forma-
lin-fixed bovine spongiform encephalopathy-affected brain. Acta
Neuropathol(Berl) 1994;87:86–90.
11. Sigurdson CJ, Williams ES, Miller MW, Spraker TR, O’Rourke KI,
Hoover EA. Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic
wasting disease PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus). J Gen
Virol 1999; 80:2757–2764.
12. Spraker TR, Balachandran A, Zhuang D, O’Rourke KI. Variable patterns
of distribution of PrP-CWD in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues
of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic
wasting disease. Vet Rec 2004;155:295–302.
an image and the actual “natural” appearance of the structure
captured. It certainly makes this atlas a useful tool for clinical
practice, especially for the education of veterinary students,
clinicians, and also clients. I really have to applaud the authors
for the chapter titled “Head.” Here, the authors have managed
to combine anatomic specimens with actual images, thus making
it easier to understand this anatomically difficult area.
One small disappointment, however, is the quality of some
of the radiographic images. It would be an improvement to
complement the anatomic specimens with radiographs of good
quality.
I would definitely recommend this book, but not as a sole
reference book for anatomy. This book, however, along with
a good anatomy textbook, would help to provide a very good
understanding of equine anatomy.
Reviewed by Judith Koenig, DVM, DVSc, DiplACVS/ECVS,
Assistant Professor, Large Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical
Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario N1G 2W1.
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