CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP)

stands resilient in the face of recurrent floods, a challenge exacerbated by rapid

urbanization and climate change. This research, titled "The Impacts of Flooding at

USTP," embarks on an in-depth exploration of the profound consequences of these

flood events on the academic community, focusing on students' experiences. University

of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, dedicated to academic excellence

and innovation, is located in a region witnessing rapid urbanization and facing the

adverse effects of climate change. In recent years, the campus has experienced an

increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding, posing significant challenges to the

well-being and daily life of the academic community. Recognizing the urgency of

addressing these issues, USTP has initiated efforts to evaluate and enhance its

infrastructure, specifically focusing on widening the drainage system.

Objectives: This study is structured around two primary objectives:

Objective 1: Assessing the Immediate and Long-term Impacts on Campus Life

To comprehend the experiences of students, faculty, and staff during flood events,

emphasizing the challenges faced and disruptions to campus life.

This objective involves evaluating the impact of widening the drainage system,

specifically its role in flood mitigation and enhancing the overall campus environment.
Objective 2: Evaluating Ecological Consequences and Environmental Sustainability

To explore the ecological consequences of the expanded drainage system on local

ecosystems, water quality, and broader sustainable urban development objectives.

This objective aligns with USTP's commitment to environmental stewardship, aiming to

provide insights into the environmental implications of infrastructure enhancements.

Flood events disrupt the regular functioning of the university and pose risks to

students' safety and well-being. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive

examination of the immediate and long-term impacts of flooding and a consideration of

the ecological consequences of proposed infrastructure improvements. By focusing on

these two objectives, we aim to shed light on flood events' human and environmental

dimensions, providing valuable insights for informed decision-making and sustainable

infrastructure improvements at USTP. Through this research, we seek to contribute to

creating a resilient and environmentally conscious campus environment that aligns with

USTP's vision for academic excellence and innovation.

 CHAPTER 2

RRL

The review of the literature for this study focuses on emergency management in

Iligan City. The chapter begins with an introduction about environmental disasters specific to

flood , a definition of emergency management, the essential interventions, followed by several

studies and researches conducted in the past.

Flood is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is

usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water. Some floods can occur suddenly and

recede quickly. Others take days or even months to build and discharge (eSchoolToday, 2019).

A massive flood can result in billions of pesos of damages to roads and bridges,

buildings and other economic infrastructure, in the loss of agricultural crops and live stocks, loss

of productivity in industry, commerce and trade. To this is added the incalculable loss of human

lives directly attributable to floods as well as the hardship and attendant socioeconomic

problems of forced human displacement and the emotional impact on those affected by flood.

(PAG-ASA, 2019).

. An environmental disaster is defined as an environmental emergency or ecologic

disruption of severity and magnitude resulting in deaths, injuries, illness and/or property damage

that cannot be effectively managed but the application of routine procedures or resources and

that result in need of additional assistance.(Veenema, 2007) Floods are the deadliest

accounting for more than half of the total casualties (Duque, 2005) thus emergency

management is essential.
 To avoid damage and losses related to flood risks, we offered a flexible,

robust and cost-effective local early warning system that can be operated by local government

units to enable communities to respond to warning messages appropriately and in a timely

manner. Thus, evacuations can be initiated and material goods can be protected. In this way, a

comprehensive and sustainable contribution to disaster risk management was made at the local

level. (Gidrm III, 2023)

Emergency management, as defined by Dr. Wayne Blanchard of FEMA’s

Emergency Management Higher Education Project is the managerial function charged with

creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with

disasters. While, disaster management is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before

it occurs, disaster response (e.g. emergency evacuation, quarantine, mass decontamination,

etc.), as well as supporting, and rebuilding society after natural or human-made disasters have

occurred. In general,any Emergency management is the continuous process by which all

individuals,groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the

impact of disasters resulting from the hazards. (Kumar, 2011)

Veenema, T.G. (2007). "Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness for Chemical,

Biological, and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards." Springer Publishing Company.

https://www.worldcat.org/title/disaster-nursing-and-emergency-preparedness-for-chemical-

biological-and-radiological-terrorism-and-other-hazards/oclc/1045069091

Duque, E. P. (2005). "Risk analysis and assessment of floods in the Philippines." Journal of

Earthquake Engineering, 9(3), 441-463.

https://conference.surp.upd.edu.ph/downloads/JURP1/

JURP_04_PORNASDORO_arial_lines_05a.pdf

Blanchard, W. (2008). "Introduction to Emergency Management." FEMA's Emergency

Management Institute Higher Education Project.

https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/highpapers.aspx

Kumar, D. (2011). "Disaster Management: Global Challenges and Local Solutions." CRC Press.

https://www.uok.ac.in/notifications/Manoj%20Kumar%20Jain%20PUBLIC

%20ADMINISTRATION.pdf

eSchoolToday. (2019). "Understanding Floods: Causes and Effects."

https://eschooltoday.com/learn/what-is-a-flood/

PAG-ASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration).

(2019). "Impact of Floods in the Philippines."

https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/floods