GENERAL MATHEMATICS

I. Function and Relation 1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 4, find the sum.
• Relation – any set of ordered pairs. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 − 2) + (5𝑥 + 4)
• Domain – set of all x-components of the ordered
pair. = 8𝑥 + 2
• Range – set of all y-components of the ordered (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝟐(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏)
pair. Example: b. Subtraction of Functions
1. A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)} Domain = 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) = (𝒇 − 𝒈 Example:
{1,2,3,4} 1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 16 − 5𝑥, find the
Range = {2,3,4,5} difference.
• Function – a relation in which each element of (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (6𝑥 + 4) − (16 − 5𝑥)
the domain corresponds to exactly one element
of the range. (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟏𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
Example: c. Multiplication of Functions
✓ Ordered Pair Example:
1. B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)} → Function 1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, find
2. C = {(1,0), (0,1), (-1,0), (0,-1)} → Not a (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
function (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
✓ Table of Values = 3𝑥2 − 9𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3 -do the FOIL Method
(𝒇 ∙ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑
d. Division of Functions
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇
= ( ) (𝒙)
𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈
Example:
1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 12 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 16𝑥 + 12, find
✓ Graph 𝑓

• Vertical Line Test - A graph represents a ( ) (𝑥).

𝑔
function if and only if each vertical line intersects
𝑓 4𝑥 − 12
the graph at most once.
( ) (𝑥) =
1. Not a function
𝑔
4(𝑥 − 3) -factor the numerator and
=
4(4𝑥 + 3) denominator
𝒇 𝒙−𝟑
( ) (𝒙) =
𝒈 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
d. Composition of Functions
(𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒈(𝒙))
II. Evaluation of Functions Example:
- process of determining the value of the function 1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 4,
at find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥).
the number assigned to a given variable 𝑓(𝑥2 + 4) = 4(𝑥2 + 4) − 5
Example: = 4𝑥2 + 16 − 5
1.Evaluate 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 15 for 𝑥 = 5. (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏
𝑓(5) = 2(5) − 15
IV. Rational Functions
= 10 − 15
• Rational Equation – an equation involving rational
𝒇(𝟓) = −𝟓
expressions.
2.Evaluate 𝑝(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 50, find 𝑝(ℎ + 7). Example:
𝑝(ℎ + 7) = 5(ℎ + 7) − 50 5 2 2
= 5ℎ + 35 − 50 − =
𝑝(ℎ + 7) = 5ℎ − 15 𝑥 3𝑥 7
III. Operations on Functions • Rational Inequality – an inequality involving rational
a. Addition of Functions expressions. Example:
𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) = (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙)
Example: 𝑥+1 𝑥
 GENERAL MATHEMATICS

• Rational Function - A function in the form of 𝑥 1 𝑥

𝑝(𝑥)
1.Solve for x: +=
𝑓 where 𝑝(𝑥) and 𝑞(𝑥) are 5 4 2
polynomials, and 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0. Example:
𝑥 2 +6𝑥 +8 𝑥 2 +6𝑥 +8
𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 ) = or 𝑦 = 20 ( -Multiply the LCD on both
𝑥 −2 𝑥 −2
+= ) 20
5 4 2 sides of the equation.
4𝑥 + 5 = 10𝑥
4𝑥 − 10𝑥 = −5 -Transpose 10x and 5.
−6𝑥 = −5
−6𝑥 −5
= -Divide both sides by -6
−6 −6
𝟓
𝒙=
V. Solving Rational Equations and 𝟔
Inequality Example:
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Example:
1.Solve the equation 2𝑥 = 4.
2𝑥 = 2 2
𝒙=𝟐
2.Solve the equation

𝒙 = −𝟐
3.Solve the inequality 3𝑥+1 > 81
3𝑥+1 > 34
𝑥+1>4
𝑥>4−1
𝑥>3
Thus, the solution set is (𝟑, +∞)

4.Solve the inequality

3 3
𝑥 + 1 ≤ −3
𝑥 ≤ −3 − 1
𝒙 ≤ −𝟒
XIII. Finding the Domain and Range of Exponential
Function
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑃(𝑥) + ℎ be an exponential function
where 𝑃(𝑥) is linear. Then,
• Domain of the function is ℝ → {𝒙|𝒙 ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, +∞)
(𝒉, +∞), 𝒊𝒇 𝒂 > 𝟎
• Range of the function = {
(−∞, 𝒉) 𝒊𝒇 𝒂 < 𝟎 Example:𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥
=3
Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 ∈ ℝ} or (−∞, +∞)
Range: {𝒚|𝒚 > 𝟎} or (𝟎, +∞)
XIV. Graphing Exponential Functions
• Zeroes of Exponential Function – refers to the values
of the independent variable x that makes the function 0.
• y-intercept – a point at which the graph crosses the y-
axis.
• x-intercept – a point at which the graph crosses the x-
axis.
• Asymptote – a line that a curve approach arbitrarily
closely. As for this topic, horizontal asymptote
corresponds to the value the curve approaches as x gets
very large or very small.
Note: Given 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒃,
✓If a<1 and b>0 or a>1 and b<0, then the
function will dip down to the right.
✓If a>1 and b>0 or a<1 and b<0, then the
function will dip down to the left
• Transformations o Adding or subtracting a
constant to the base of the
 GENERAL MATHEMATICS

function, it will generate a vertical shift of positive 1.

o Adding or subtracting a constant to the exponent of the function, it will generate a horizontal shift of negative
1.
o If the exponent is negative, it will generate a reflection
across y-axis.
o A coefficient on the base will produce vertical
stretching.
o A coefficient on the exponent will produce horizontal
stretching.

Example:
1. Graph and identify the domain, range, y-intercept and horizontal asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+1 − 2

Domain: (−∞, +∞) or {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}

Range: (−∞, −𝟐)
y-intercept:
𝑥=0
𝑦 = 3(0)+1 − 2
𝑦 = 31 − 2
𝑦=3−2
𝒚=𝟏
Horizontal Asymptote:
𝒚 = −𝟐

Table of Values
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -1.7 -1 1 7 25 79