Stormwaters

- are rainwaters with any other waste or pollutant it carries along with them.

- Can range from a series of contaminants such as oil and grease, leaves and animals’
droppings, litters of dirt, sediment from the soil.

There are generally two types of drainage systems in most of the cities:

 stormwater systems
 sewage systems

Storm drain

- is a system designed to carry or manage storm waters or rainfall runoff and other
drainage.

Sewage drain system

- sewage is a system of underground pipes that collect and dispose of sewage from
bathrooms, sinks, and kitchens.

Classification of storm drain

1. The inside storm drains
2. Outside storm drain
3. Overhead storm drain

Inside storm drain

The storm drain is sometimes located under the basement floor or within the walls of the
building. This type of storm drain is commonly found in buildings constructed along congested
business district or buildings that occupies the entire frontage of the lot. The drainpipe is aid
under the floor or walls of the structure. For the large building, storm drains are laid in two or
more lines to convey not only the water coming from the rood, but also those waters
accumulated from inside court or open areas towards the street gutter or public storm drain.
The outside storm drains
is installed outside the foundation wall of the building. This type of drainage is possible on
location where the lot is not totally occupied by the building.

Types of outside storm drain

Surface drainage- is the orderly removal of excess water from the surface of land through
improved natural channels or constructed ditches and through shaping of the land.

Subsurface drainage systems- are implemented beneath the top layer of soil. Sometimes
referred to as a French drain, they work at the root level to remove excess water.
  French Drain- This is a perforated pipe that is installed in a flat yard to drain away
standing water. It involves excavating a trench that slopes away from the property and
the pipe is then installed. A porous material such as gravel is used to fill the trench
before the trench is finally covered. Standing water follows the easiest escape route
meaning it will step down to the French tile and drain away from your yard.

 Footing Drain- a pipe is installed around the perimeter of the foundation walls on level
with the footing. This pipe collects any water that would have leaked through the top of
the footing into the basement and drains it away from the foundation walls. The drain is
covered with gravel up to the soil’s surface.

3. Gutter Drainage System

Roof water can cause havoc if not well drained. A gutter and downspout system help drain away
all roof water away from the house walls. The downspout drain should extend away from the
walls and preferably direct the water to a storm sewer or catch basin.
 Downspouts- are the vertical, pipe-like devices connected to gutters, installed along the
sides of buildings, which redirect water and safely lead it away from your home and
towards a designated drainage area.

 Catch basin- a catch basin or storm drain is a curbside drain which the sole function of
collecting rainwater from our properties and streets and transporting it to local waterways
through a system of underground piping, culverts and or drainage ditches. Storm drains
can also be found in parking lots and serve the same purpose.

The overhead storm drains

- is adopted when the street drainage is higher in elevation that the basement floor of the
building. The purpose is to avail of the gravity flow of water. The pipe is well fitted and
suspended inside the ceiling by suitable hangers spaced at closer intervals.