２０１７年１２月英语六级考试试题第２套

2017年12月英语六级考试试题第2套

Ｐａｒｔ
Part ＩＩ
II Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions: In section, youｗｉｌｌ
willｈｅａｒ
hearｔａｗｏ
two ｌｏｎｇ
long ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｔ ｔｈｅ end
conversations. At the ｅｎｄ ofｏｆeach
ｅａｃｈ conversation,
ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
you
ｗｉｌｌｈｅａｒ
will hearｆｏｕｒ
fourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questions. Ｂｏｔｈ
Both ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ
conversation and the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌbeｂｅ spoken
questions will ｓｐｏｈｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ onc,
ｏｎｃｅe
After ｙｏｕ
Ａｆｔｅｒ hear a question , you
you ｈｅａｒａｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ must
ｍｕｓｔ chooseｔｈｅ
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ theｂｅｓｔ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒｆｒｏｍ
answer fromｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ
four choices
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓmarked ),
ｍａｒｋｅｄ AＡ），
Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
B ) , C) and D). ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
Then mark the correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter ｏｎ
on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet１ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with a singleｌｉｎｅ
line
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１1 ｔｏ
to ４4 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
conversation you have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

１．1.A) Sayａaｆｅｗ
Ａ） Ｓａｙ fewｗｏｒｄｓ
wordsｔｏtoｔｈａｎｋ
thankｔｈｅ
the ｓｐｅａｋｅｒ．
speaker. Ｃ）C)Ｇｉｖｅ
Giveａ aｌｅｃｔｕｒｅ
lectureｏｎonｔｈｅ
the ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
history ｏｆ
of the
ｔｈｅ town.
ｔｏｗｎ．
Ｂ）B)Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅ
Introduceｔｈｅ
the ｓｐｅａｋｅｒ
speakerｔｏ
to ｔｈｅ
the audience.
ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ． Ｄ）D)Hostａ aｔａｌｋ
Ｈｏｓｔ talk ｏｎ
on ｈｏｗ
howｔｏto ｇｉｖｅ
give ａa good speech.
ｇｏｏｄ ｓｐｅｅｃｈ．

2.A)
２．Ａ） ＨｅHeｗａｓwas
ｔｈｅthe founder
ｆｏｕｎｄｅｒ ｏｆ of
ｔｈｅthe localｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
ｌｏｃａｌ historyｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ．
society.
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｈａｓhasｗｏｒｋｅｄ
workedｗｉｔｈ
withＭｉｓｓ
MissＢｌｉｇｈ
Blighｆｏｒfor ２０
20 ｙｅａｒｓ．
years.
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｈａｓ
hasｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
publishedａa ｂｏｏｋ
bookｏｎonｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ．
speaking.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｊｏｉｎｅｄ
joinedｔｈｅ
theｌｏｃａｌ
local ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
history society
ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙwhenｗｈｅｎ young.
ｙｏｕｎｇ．

３．Ａ）
3.A)ＳｈｅSheｗａｓwas
ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
obviously betterａｔatｔａｌｋｉｎｇ
talking ｔｈａｎ
than ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ．
writing.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｈａｄ
hadａ aｇｏｏｄ
goodｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ
knowledge
ｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｔｏｗｎ＇ｓ
town'sｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ．
history.
Ｃ）C)Ｈｅｒ
Herｓｐｅｅｃｈ
speechｗａｓ
wasｓｏsoｆｕｎｎｙ
funnyａｓas ｔｏ
to ａｍｕｓｅ
amuse ｔｈｅ
the ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ．
audience.
Ｄ）D)Ｈｅｒ
Herａｎｃｅｓｔｏｒｓ
ancestorsｃａｍｅ
cameｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｔｏｗｎ
townｉｎinｔｈｅ
the １８ｔｈ
18th ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．
century.

４．4.A)
Ａ）ＨｅHeｒｅａｄ
readｅｘａｃｔｌｙ
exactly ｗｈａｔ
what ｗａｓ
was ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ
written inｉｎhis
ｈｉｓnotes.
ｎｏｔｅｓ． Ｃ）
C)Ｈｅ
He ｍａｄｅ
madeａｎanｅｍｂａｒｒａｓｓｉｎｇ ｒｅｍａｒｋ．
embarrassing remark.
B)He
Ｂ）Ｈｅ keptｆｏｒｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ
ｋｅｐｔ forgetting what
ｗｈａｔheｈｅwas
ｗａｓgoing
ｇｏｉｎｇto ｔｏ
say.ｓａｙ．Ｄ）Ｈｅ
D)He
ｗａｓwas
ｔｏｏtoo nervousｔｏtoｓｐｅａｋ
ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ speak ｕｐ．
up.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５5ｔｏ
to ８8 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
conversation you have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

５．5.A)
Ａ） Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｒｅｔａｉｌｅｒｓ ｄｅｍａｎｄ．
retailers demand. Ｃ）C) How
Ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅｙthey
ａｒｅare going
ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏ to beat
ｂｅａｔ theirｒｉｖａｌｓ．
ｔｈｅｉｒ rivals.
Ｂ）B)Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｒｉｖａｌｓ
rivals ａｒｅ ｄｏｉｎｇ．
ar,e doing. Ｄ）D)Ｈｏｗ
Howｄｒａｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ
dramaticallyｔｈｅ
theｍａｒｋｅｔ
marketｉｓis ｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇ．
changing.

６．6.A) Theyｓｈｏｕｌｄ
Ａ） Ｔｈｅｙ shouldｂｅbeｔａｋｅｎ
takenｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ．
seriously. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
Theirｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
businessｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ
strategyｉｓisｑｕｉｔｅ
quite ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ．
effective.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｒａｐｉｄｌｙ
rapidly ｃａｔｃｈｉｎｇ ｕｐ．
catching up. Ｄ）D) Theirｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
Ｔｈｅｉｒ potential ｈａｓ
has ｂｅｅｎ
been ｕｎｄｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ．
underestimated.

７．7.A)
Ａ） Ｓｈｅ
Sheｈａｄhadｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｔ ｔｏTom.
it to Ｔｏｍ． Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｈａｄ
hadｎｏｔnotｓｅｅｎ
seenｉｔit ｙｅｔ．
yet.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｓｉｍｐｌｙ
simply ｍａｄｅ
madeｈｅｒherｇｏgoｆｒａｎｔｉｃ．
frantic. Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｗａｓ
was ｎｏｔ
not ｍｕｃｈ
muchｏｆofａa ｂｉｇ
big concern.
ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎ．

８．8.A)
Ａ） Ｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅwhole
Restructuring the ｗｈｏｌｅ company.
ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ． Ｃ）C)Ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ
Promotingｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ
cooperation ｗｉｔｈ
with Ｊａｙａｌ
Jayal Motors.
Ｍｏｔｏｒｓ．
B) Employingｍｏｒｅ
Ｂ）Ｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇ moreｆｏｒｗａｒｄｉｎｇ
forwardingａｇｅｎｔｓ．
agents. D) Exportingｔｈｅｉｒ
Ｄ）Ｅｘｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ theirｍｏｔｏｒｂｉｋｅｓ
motorbikesｔｏto Ｉｎｄｏｎｅｓｉａ．
Indonesia.
第第 １／ １２页
1／12页
淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: Inｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
sectwn , youｗｌｌｈｅａｒ ｔｗｏtwoｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ．Ａｔ
will hear passages. Atｔｈｅ
theｅｎｄ
endｏｆofｅａｃｈ
eachｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｙｏｕ
passage , youｗｉｌｌ
will ｈｅａｒ
hear ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒ
three or
ｆｏｕｒ
fourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questwns. Ｂｏｔｈ
Both ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questwns ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ oruy
ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ． ilft,er
Ａｆｔｅｒyou
ｙｏｕ hear
ｈｅａｒ aａ
questwn , youｍｕｓｔ
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ 111llSt ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
choose the
ｔｈｅbest
ｂｅｓｔanswe r from theｔｈｅ
ａｎｓｗｅｒｆｒｏｍ four choices
ｆｏｕｒ marked
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ A) , B
ｍａｒｋｅｄ ) , C) and D)
Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ Ｄ）．.
Ｔｈｅｎ
Thenｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅtheｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎAnswer
letter on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet１ｗｉｔｈａ
1 wahｓｉｎｇｌｅ
a singｌｉｎｅ
k lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions９9 ｔｏ
to １１
11 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

Ａ） ＩｔIt ｍａｋｅｓ
９．9.A) makesｃｌａｉｍｓ
claimsｉｎinｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ
conflict ｗｉｔｈ
withｔｈｅ
the ｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇ
existing ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．
research.
B)Itｆｏｃｕｓｅｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ focusesｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｌｉｎｋ
link ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenｂｅｄｔｉｍｅ
bedtimeａｎｄ
andｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ．
nutrition.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｃａｕｔｉｏｎｓ
cautions ａｇａｉｎｓｔ
against ｔｈｅ
the overuse of coffee
ｏｖｅｒｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｃｏｆｆｅｅ and alcohol.
ａｎｄ ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ．
D) It shows that "night owls" work much less
Ｄ） Ｉｔ ｓｈｏｗｓ ｔｈａｔ ＂ｎｉｇｈｔ ｏｗｌｓ＂ｗｏｒｋ ｍｕｃｈ ｌｅｓｓ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙ．efficiently.

１０．Ａ）
10.A)Ｔｈｅｙ ｐａｙpay
They ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ
greaterａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ
attention ｔｏ
to ｆｏｏｄ
food ｃｈｏｉｃｅ．
choice. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｒｕｎrunａ aｈｉｇｈｅｒ
higherｒｉｓｋ
risk ｏｆ
of ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ
gaining ｗｅｉｇｈｔ．
weight.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoａｃｈｉｅｖｅ
achieveｌｅｓｓ
lessｔｈａｎ
thanｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐｅｅｒｓ．
peers. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｔａｎｄ
standａ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ
a greaterｃｈａｎｃｅ
chanceｔｏtoｆａｌｌ
fall ｓｉｃｋ．
sick.

１１．Ａ）
11.A) ＧｅｔGetｕｐupｌａｔｅ．
late. Ｃ）C)Ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ ｍｏｒｅ．
Exercise more.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｌｅｅｐ
Sleep８8 ｈｏｕｒｓ
hours ａa ｄａｙ．
day. Ｄ）D)ＧｏGoｔｏto ｂｄbedｅａｒｌｉｅｒ
earlier.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１２12ｔｏ
to １５
15 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
passage you have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

１２． Ａ） All
12.A) Ａｌｌ ｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ａｃｔｉｎｇ ｎｏｍｉｎｅｅｓ ａｒｅ
acting nominees are ｗｈｉｔｅ．
white. Ｃ）C)
ＩｔItｉｓis ｐｒｅｊｕｄｉｃｅｄ
prejudiced ａｇａｉｎｓｔ
against ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ
foreign ｆｉｌｍｓ．
films.
B) It
Ｂ） Ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｇｏｔ ｔｏｏ ｍｕｃｈ ｐｕｂｌｉｃｉｔｙ ｏｎ TV.
has got too much publicity on ＴＶ． D) Only 7% of the nominees
Ｄ） Ｏｎｌｙ ７ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｍｉｎｅｅｓ ａｒｅ ｆｅｍａｌｅ． ar e female.

13.A)
１３．Ａ） ２２22ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percentｏｆofｍｏｖｉｅ
movieｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｓ
directors ｗｅｒｅ
wereｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｏｆofｃｏｌｏｒ．
color.
Ｂ）B)Ｈａｌｆ
Halfｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ＴＶ
TVｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ
programsｗｅｒｅ
wereｅｔｈｎｉｃａｌｌｙ
ethnically ｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ．
balanced.
Ｃ）C)Ｏｎｌｙ
Onlyｏｎｅ－ｆｉｆｔｈ
one-fifth ｏｆ
of ＴＶ
TVｓｈｏｗｓ
showsｈａｄ
hadｂｌａｃｋ
blackｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓ．
characters.
Ｄ） Ｏｎｌｙ ３．４ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｆｉｍ ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｓ ｗｅｒｅwomen.
D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors were ｗｏｍｅｎ．

１４． Ａ） Ｎｏｎ－ｗｈｉｔｅ
14.A) Non-white ｍａｌｅｓ．
males. Ｃ）C)Ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ
Femalesｏｆofｃｏｌｏｒ
color ｏｖｅｒ ４０．
over 40.
Ｂ）B)Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ
Programｃｒｅａｔｏｒｓ．
creators. Ｄ）D)Ａｓｉａｎ
Asianｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ
speakingｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓ．
characters.

15.A)They
１５．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ constitute 17%
ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ １７ｏｆ of Hollywood
Ｈｏｌｌｙｗｏｏｄ movie
ｍｏｖｉｅ characters.
ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｍｏｓｔ
mostｕｎｄｅｒｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ
underrepresented ａｃｒｏｓｓ
across TV and ｆｉｌｍ．
ＴＶ ａｎｄ film.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
They contribute
ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ little ｔｏ
ｌｉｔｔｌｅ to ｔｈｅ
the Ｕ．Ｓ．
U.S. ｆｉｌｍ
film ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．
industry.
D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Ｄ） Theyａｃｃｏｕｎｔ
account ｆｏｒ
for 8.5%
８．５ｏｆofｔｈｅ
theＵ．Ｓ．ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ．
U.S. population.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒhearｔｒｅｅthree
section , you will ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ
recordi ｏｆ
ng ｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓ
s of lecturesｏｒorｔａｌｋｓ
talks ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
followed ｂｙ
by ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒ four
three or ｆｏｕｒ
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅ
questions. The ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｗｉｌｌｂｅ
recordings will ｐｌａｙｅｄ only
be played ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ hear
After you ｈｅａｒ aａ questwn
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ
, you must

第２／．１２页
第 2／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
clwose ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔanswer
the best ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ
from theｔｈｅ
fourｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
clwices A ), BＡ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
markedｍａｒｋｅｄ ). Then ｍａｒｋ
), C) and DＤ）．Ｔｈｅｎ mark ｔｈｅ
the
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondi ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Answer
letter on
ng Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with ｌｉｎｅ
a single lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏto １８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

16.A)
１６．Ａ） One
Ｏｎｅ thatｃａｎ
ｔｈａｔ canｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ
provide ｆｏｒ
for emergency needs.
ｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｙ ｎｅｅｄｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｏｎｅ
Oneｔｈａｔ
thatｃａｎ canｐａｙ
payｆｏｒ
forｔｈｅｉｒ
their medical expenses.
ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ ｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｏｎｅ
Oneｔｈａｔ
thatｃｏｖｅｒｓ
coversｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｄｅｂｔｓ
debts ａｎｄ
and ｂｕｒｉａｌ
burial expenses.
ｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｏｎｅ
Oneｔｈａｔthatｅｎｓｕｒｅｓ ａ ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ
ensures a healthyｌｉｆｅ
lifeｆｏｒ
forｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｌａｔｅｒ
later ｙｅａｒｓ．
years.

17.A)
１７． Purchaseｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ
Ａ） Ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅ insuranceｆｏｒforｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．
children. Ｃ）C)Ｂｕｙ
Buyａ aｈｏｍｅ
homeｗｉｔｈ
withａa ｓｍａｌｌ
small down payment.
ｄｏｗｎ ｐａｙｍｅｎｔ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓａｖｅ
Saveｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ
sufficient money for ａa ｒａｉｎｙ
ｍｏｎｅｙ ｆｏｒ rainy day.
ｄａｙ． Ｄ）D)Addｍｏｒｅ
Ａｄｄ more insuranceｏｎonｔｈｅ
ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ the ｂｒｅａｄｗｉｎｎｅｒ．
breadwinner.

18.A)
１８．Ａ） When
Ｗｈｅｎ theirｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
ｔｈｅｉｒ children ｇｒｏｗ
grow ｕｐ
up ａｎｄ
and ｌｅａｖｅ
leave home.
ｈｏｍｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｗｈｅｎ
When theyｈａｖｅ
ｔｈｅｙ haveｓａｖｅｄ
savedｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enoughｆｏｒforｒｅｔｉｒｅｍｅｎｔ．
retirement.
C)When
Ｃ）Ｗｈｅｎ their
ｔｈｅｉｒ familyｍｏｖｅ
ｆａｍｉｌｙ move
ｔｏ to a different ｐｌａｃｅ．
ａ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ place.
Ｄ）D)Ｗｈｅｎ
When theyｈａｖｅ
ｔｈｅｙ haveｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｂｅｔｔｅｒ－ｐａｙｉｎｇ
better-paying ｊｏｂｓ．
jobs.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１９19ｔｏto ２２
22 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

１９． Ａ） Ｔｈｅｙ
19.A) They ｄｏ
do ｍｏｒｅ
more ｈａｒｍ
harm ｔｈａｎ ｇｏｏｄ．
than good. Ｃ）C) Theyｄｏdo
Ｔｈｅｙ ｎｏｔnotｈｅｌｐ
helpｂｕｉｌｄ
buildｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｈｉｐ．
friendship.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｂｅｅｎ
been ｉｇｎｏｒｅｄ．
ignored. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔnotａｌｗａｙｓ
alwaysｂｅbeｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ．
negative.

20.A)
２０． Biasedｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ
Ａ）Ｂｉａｓｅｄ sourcesｏｆofｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．
information. Ｃ）C)Ｍｉｓｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Shakespeare.
Misinterpretation of Ｓｈａｋｅｓｐｅａｒｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｉｇｎｏｒａｎｃｅ
Ignoranceｏｆofｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ
cultural ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ．
differences. Ｄ）D)Ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ
Tendencyｔｏtoｊｕｍｐ
jumpｔｏtoｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ．
conclusions.

21.A)They
２１．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ are
ｈａｒｄhard
ｔｏ to dismissｏｎｃｅ
ｄｉｓｍｉｓｓ once attachedｔｏtoａaｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ certain group.
ｇｒｏｕｐ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｍａｙ
may have
ｈａｖｅ a negativeｉｍｐａｃｔ
ａ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ impactｏｎonｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｔｈｅｙ
they ａｐｐｌｙ
apply ｔｏ．
to.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｐｅｒｓｉｓｔ
persist even
ｅｖｅｎ when circumstances have
ｗｈｅｎ ｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓ ｈａｖｅ changed.
ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ．
i
D)They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅare oftenａｐｐｌｉｅｄ
ｏｆｔｅｎ appliedｔｏtoｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ
minorties and ｅｔｈｎｉｃ
ａｎｄ ethnic ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
people.

２２．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ
22.A)They ｉｍｐａｃｔ
impactｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｍｏｒｅ ｏｒ orｌｅｓｓ
more less ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ way.
the same ｗａｙ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｏｍｅ
Some peopleａｒｅareｍｏｒｅ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ more sensitiveｔｏto ｔｈｅｍ
ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ them ｔｈａｎ
than ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．
others.
Ｃ）C)ＡAｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ
positiveｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅ
stereotype ｍａｙ
mayｈｅｌｐ
helpｏｎｅoneａｃｈｉｅｖｅ
achieveｂｅｔｔｅｒ
betterｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ．
results.
D)A
Ｄ）Ａ negative
ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ stereotypeｓｔｉｃｋｓ
ｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅ sticks ｗｈｉｌｅ
while ａa ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ
positive one
ｏｎｅ does not.
ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ．

Questions２３23ｔｏto ２５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 25 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

23.A)Use
２３．Ａ）Ｕｓｅ some
ｓｏｍｅ over-the-counterｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ
ｏｖｅｒ－ｔｈｅ－ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒ medicineｉｎｓｔｅａｄ．
instead.
Ｂ）B)Ｑｕｉｔ
Quitｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking ｔｈｅ
the ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ
medicine ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ．
immediately.

第第 ３／ １２页
3／12页
淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
 Ｃ）C)Ｔａｋｅ
Takeｓｏｍｅ
some drug
ｄｒｕｇ ｔｏ to relieveｔｈｅ
ｒｅｌｉｅｖｅ theｓｉｄｅ
sideｅｆｆｅｃｔ．
effect.
Ｄ）D)Ａｓｋ
Askｙｏｕｒ
yourｐｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔ
pharmacistｔｏtoｅｘｐｌａｉｎ
explain ｗｈｙ
whyｉｔit ｏｃｃｕｒｓ．
occurs.

２４． Ａ） ＩｔIt ｍａｙ

24.A) mayｈｅｌｐ
helpｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patients ｆａｌｌ ｓｌｅｅｐ．
fall asleep. Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｍａｙ
mayｃａｕｓｅ
causeｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ
seriousｈａｒｍ
harmｔｏtoｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one'sｌｉｖｅｒ．
liver.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt may lead ｔｏ
ｍａｙ ｌｅａｄ to mental problems.
ｍｅｎｔａｌ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ． Ｄ）D)
ＩｔItｍａｙ
mayｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
increaseｔｈｅ
theｅｆｆｅｃｔ
effect ｏｆofｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
certain ｄｒｕｇｓ．
drugs.

25.A)
２５． Tellｔｈｅｉｒ
Ａ）Ｔｅｌｌ theirｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
childrenｔｏto ｔｒｅａｔ
treat medicines with ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ．
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ respect.
Ｂ）B)Ｋｅｅｐ
Keepｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｓ
medicinesｏｕｔoutｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｒｅａｃｈ
reachｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．
children.
C) Make sure their children use quality
Ｃ） Ｍａｋｅ ｓｕｒｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ ｕｓｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｓ．medicines.
Ｄ）D)Ａｓｋ
Askｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
childrenｔｏto ｕｓｅ
use ｌｅｇｉｔｉｍａｔｅ
legitimate medicines.
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｓ．

Ｐａｒｔ
PartＩＩＩ［
III Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Reading Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Comprehension (40 minutes)
（４０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｒｅ
Directions: In section, thereｉｓisａ aｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
withｔｅｎ
tenｂｌａｎｋｓ．
blanks. Ｙｏｕ
Youａｒｅ
areｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
required ｔｏ
to ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ word
select one ｗｏｒｄ fｆｏｒ
or
ｅａｃｈ
eachｂｌａｎｋ
blankｆｒｏｍ
fromａ aｌｉｓｔ
list ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ given
of choices ｇｉｖｅｎinｉｎaａ word
ｗｏｒｄ bank
ｂａｎｋ followi
ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ the
ｔｈｅpas
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．Ｒｅａｄ
ngsage. Read ｔｈｅ
the
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
ｂｙbyａaｌｅｔｔｒ．Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋ the
letter. Please mark ｔｈｅ correspondi
ｏｒｒｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ leｌｅｔｅｒ
ng ｆｏｒeachｅａｃｈitemｉｔｅｍ
tter for ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
on Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2２ with
ｗｉｈ aａ
ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
si le ｌｉｎｅ
ng line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ
the centre. You ｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔ
notｕｓｅ
use ａｎｙ
anyｏｆof ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｉｎin the
the words ｔｈｅ bank
ｂａｎｋ more
ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ
than ｏｎｃｅ．
once.

Ｔｈｅ
TheＰａｃｉｆｉｃ
Pacificｉｓｌａｎｄ
island ｎａｔｉｏｎ
nation ｏｆ
of Ｐａｌａｕ
Palau ｈａｓ
has ｂｅｃｏｍｅ
becomeｈｏｍｅ
homeｔｏ toｔｈｅtheｓｉｘｔｈ
sixthｌａｒｇｅｓｔ
largest ｍａｒｉｎｅ
marine ｓａｎｃｔｕａｒｙ
sanctuary ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
world. Ｔｈｅ
Theｎｅｗnewｍａｒｉｎｅ
marineｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ，
reserve, ｎｏｗ
nowｔｈｅtheｌａｒｇｅｓｔ
largest inｉｎthe
ｔｈｅPacific,
Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃ，willｗｉｌｌ
__1L２６ ｎｏno ｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ
fishing orｏｒmining.
ｍｉｎｉｎｇ．Ｐａｌａｕ
Palau
ａｌｓｏ
alsoｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
established ｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ
world's ｆｉｒｓｔ ｓｈａｒｋ sanctuary
first shark ｓａｎｃｔｕａｒｙ inｉｎ 2009.
２００９．
Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｉｎｙ
tinyｉｓｌａｎｄ
island ｎａｔｉｏｎ
nation ｈａｓ ｓｅｔ aside
has set ａｓｉｄｅ 500,000
５００，０００ square
ｓｑｕａｒｅ kilometres
ｋｉｌｏｍｅｔｒｅｓ—- ８０80 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percent —
- ｏｆ of ｉｔｓ ｍａｒｉｔｉｍｅ
its maritime
２７27，ｆｏｒ, forｆｕｌｌ
full ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈａｔ＇ｓ ｔｈｅhighest
protection. That's the ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ
percentage of anｏｆ ａｎ28２８ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ
economic ｚｏｎｅ
zone ｄｅｖｏｔｅｄ ｔｏ
devoted to
ｍａｒｉｎｅ
marineｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ
conservationｂｙbyａｎｙ
anyｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ
countryｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｔｈｅ
world. Theｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇ
remaining２０20ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percentｏｆofｔｈｅ
theＰａｌａｕ
Palauｓｅａｓ
seas ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ
will be
ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄ
reserved ｆｏｒ ｌｏｃａｌ fishing
for local ｆｉｓｈｉｎｇbyｂｙindividua
ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ
ls andａｎｄ ｓｍａｌｌｓｃａｌｅ 29２９ ｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ
small-scale fishingｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ
businesses ｗｉｔｈ
with ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ
limited
ｅｘｐｏｒｔ．
exports.
＂Ｉｓｌａｎｄ
"Island ３０ ｈａｖｅ have
___]Q_ ｂｅｅｎ been
ａｍｏｎｇamong
ｔｈｅ ｈａｒｄｅｓｔ ｈｉｔ ｂｙ
the hardest hit ｔｈｅ ｔｈｒｅａｔｓ
by the threatsｆａｃｉｎｇ
facingｔｈｅ
the ｏｃｅａｎ，＂ｓａｉｄ
ocean," said Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ
President
Tommy
Ｔｏｍｍｙ Remengesau
Ｒｅｍｅｎｇｅｓａｕ Ｊｒ．ｉｎJr.ａ inｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ．
a statement. "Creating
＂Ｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｓthisｓａｎｃｔｕａｒｙ
sanctuaryｉｓisａa ｂｏｌｄ
bold ｍｏｖｅ
moveｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｏｆ
of Palau
Ｐａｌａｕ
ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｓｅ
recognise ａｓ
as ３１ 31
ｔｏ ｏｕｒto ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ． Ｗｅ We
our survival. ｗａｎｔwant
ｔｏ ｌｅａｄ ｔｈｅtheｗａｙway
to lead ｉｎ ｒｅｓｔｏｒｉｎｇ
in restoringｔｈｅtheｈｅａｌｔｈ
health ｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｏｃｅａｎ
ocean ｆｏｒ
for
ｆｕｔｕｒｅ
future ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ．＂
generations."
Ｐａｌａｕ
Palauｈａｓ
hasｏｎｌｙ
only ｂｅｅｎ
beenａｎan３２＿
---11_ｎａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ forｔｗｅｎｔｙ
nation twentyｙｅａｒｓ
yearsａｎｄandｈａｓhasａ aｓｔｒｏｎｇ
strongｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｏｆ environmental
history of ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ
ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｔ
protection. It ｉｓ ｈｏｍｅ ｔｏto ｏｎｅ
is home one ｏｆ
ofｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ ｆｉｎｅｓｔmarine
world's finest ｍａｒｉｎｅ ecosystems,
ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ， withｗｉｔｈ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 1,300
１，３００ species
ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ofｏｆ
ｆｉｓｈ
fish ａｎｄ
and ７００
700ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
species ｏｆof ｃｏｒａｌ．
coral.
Ｓｅｎａｔｏｒ
Senator Ｈｏｋｋｏｎｓ
Hokkons Ｂａｕｌｅｓ，ｌｅａｄ
Baules, lead ３３33ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of Ｐａｌａｕ Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
the Palau Ｍａｒｉｎｅ
National Ｓａｎｃｔｕａｒｙ
Marine SanctuaryＡｃｔ，
Act,ｓａｉｄ
said ｔｈｅ
the
ｓａｎｃｔｕａｒｙ ｗｉｌｌ＂ｈｅｌｐ
sanctuary will ｂｕｉｌｄ aａ ３４34ｆｕｔｕｒｅfuture
" help build ｆｏｒ forｔｈｅtheＰａｌａｕａｎ
Palauanｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｂｙbyｈｏｎｏｒｉｎｇ
honoringｔｈｅ
theｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ
conservation
ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ our
traditions of ｏｕｒpast".
ｐａｓｔ＂．Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ the
These include ｔｈｅcenturies-old
ｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓ－ｏｌｄcustom
ｃｕｓｔｏｍofｏｆ＂ｂｕｌ＂，ｗｈｅｒｅ
"bul" , where ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｃａｌｌ
leaders would call aａ
h
ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙ
temporaryｓｔｏｐ
stopｔｏtoｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ
fising ｆｏｒ
for ｋｅｙ
key ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ
species ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ toｔｏ give
in order ｇｉｖｅfish
ｆｉｓｈ ３５35ａｎ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｒｅｐｌｅｎｉｓｈ（补充）．
an opportunity to replenish(�r Jt:.).

第４／１２页
第 4／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 Ａ）
A)ａｌｌｏｃａｔｅ
allocate ）I)ｐｅｒｍｉｔ
permit
Ｂ）B)ｃｅｌｅｂｒｉｔｉｅｓ
celebrities Ｊ）J) ｓｅｃｕｒｅ
secure
Ｃ）C) ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌ
commercial Ｋ）ｏｌｉｔａｒｙ
K) solitary
Ｄ）D)ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ
communities Ｌ） ｓｐｅｃｔａｃｌｅ
L) spectacle
Ｅ）E)ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ
essential Ｍ）M) ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒ
sponsor
Ｆ）F)ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅ
exclusive Ｎ）N) ｔｏｃｋｓ
stocks
Ｇ）G)ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ
independent Ｏ0)ｔｅｒｉｔｏｒｙ
territory
Ｈ）H) ｉｎｄｕｌｇｅ
indulge

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: Inｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
section , youａｒｅ
areｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｒｅａｄ
readａ aｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
withｔｅｎ
tenｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
statements ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
attached ｔｏ
to ｉｔ． Ｅａｃｈ
it. Each
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
statementｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｎ
in ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ ｔｈｅ paragraphs.
of the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｊｙ ｔｈｅparagraph
Identify the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈfrom
ｆｒｏｍ
ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｔｈｅ
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ derived.
information is ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．YouＹｏｕmay
ｍａｙ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ aａ paragraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ． Ｅａｃｈ
once. Each
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓisｍａｒｈｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｌｅｔｅｒ．Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｈｅtheｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
letter. Answer questionsｂｙbyｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
marki ｔｈｅ
ng theｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter
ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
on Answer Sheet 2.

Ｄａｔａ sharing: An
Dataｓｈａｒｉｎｇ： open ｍｉｎｄ
Ａｎ ｏｐｅｎ mind ｏｎ
on ｏｐｅｎ
open data
ｄａｔａ

［Ａ］
[ ＩｔIt ｉｓ
A] is aａ movement
ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ
building ｓｔｅａｄｙ ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ： ａ aｃａｌｌ
steady momentum: call ｔｏto ｍａｋｅ
makeｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
research ｄａｔａ， ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ code
data, software ｃｏｄｅ and
ａｎｄ
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ
experimental ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ
methods ｐｕｂｌｉｃｌｙ
publicly ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ
available ａｎｄ
and ｔｒａｎｓｐａｒｅｎｔ．
transparent. AＡ ｓｐｉｒｉｔ ｏｆ ｏｐｅｎｎｅｓｓ
spirit of openness ｉｓ
is ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ
gaining
n
ａｃｃｅｐｔａｎｃｅ
acceptance ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ commu
the science ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ，
ity, ａｎｄ
and ｉｓ ｔｈｅ only
is the ｏｎｌｙ way,
ｗａｙ，ｓａｙ
say ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ， ｔｏ address
advocates, to ａｄｄｒｅｓｓa ａ＇ｃｒｉｓｉｓ＇ｉｎ
' crisis ' in
ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
science ｗｈｅｒｅｂｙ
wherebyｔｏｏ
tooｆｅｗ
fewｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ
findingsａｒｅ
areｓｕｃｃｅｓｆｕｌｌｙ
successfullyｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ．
reproduced.Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，
Furthermore,ｔｈｅｙ
theyｓａｙ，
say, ｉｔit ｉｓ ｔｈｅ
is the
ｂｅｓｔ
best ｗａｙ
wayｆｏｒ
forｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｔｏ
to ｇａｔｈｅｒ
gather ｔｈｅ
the ｒａｎｇｅ
range ｏｆ
of ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ
observations ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ necessary
that are ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ toｔｏ speed
ｓｐｅｅｄ up
ｕｐ
ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｉｅｓ
discoveriesｏｒorｔｏtoｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
identify ｌａｒｇｅ－ｓｃａｌｅ
large-scale ｔｒｅｎｄｓ．
trends.

［Ｂ］[B]Ｔｈｅ
Theｏｐｅｎ－ｄａｔａ
open-dataｓｈｉｆｔ
shift ｐｏｓｅｓ
poses ａa ｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｎｇ
confusing ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
problemｆｏｒ
for ｊｕｎｉｏｒ
junior ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ．Ｏｎ
researchers. On ｔｈｅ
the ｏｎｅ
one ｈａｎｄ，
hand, ｔｈｅ
the ｄｒｉｖｅ
drive
ｔｏtoｓｈａｒｅ
share ｉｓis ｇａｔｈｅｒｉｎｇ
gathering ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌ ｓｔｅａｍ．Since
official steam. Ｓｉｎｃｅ 2013,
２０１３， global
ｇｌｏｂａｌ scientific
ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃbodies
ｂｏｄｉｅｓhave
ｈａｖｅbegun
ｂｅｇｕｎ toｔｏ back
ｂａｃｋ
ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ
policies ｔｈａｔ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ
that support increased ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ａｃｃｅｓｓ
access ｔｏ
to ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ． Ｏｎ ｔｈｅ
research. On the ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｈａｎｄ，
hand,ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｄｉｓａｇｒｅｅ
scientists disagree
ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｈｏｗ
howｍｕｃｈ
muchａｎｄandｗｈｅｎwhen
ｔｈｅｙthey
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｓｈａｒｅ
should ｄａｔａ，
share data,ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｅｂａｔｅ
debateｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharing ｉｔit is
ｉｓ more
ｍｏｒｅ
ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ ｍａｋｅ ｉｔ ｍｏｒｅ ｒｏｂｕｓｔ， ｏｒ ｔｏ ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅ ｖｕｌｎｅｒａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．
likely to accelerate science and mak e it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.
Ａｓ ｍｏｒｅ
As moreｊｏｕｒｍａｌｓ
journals ａｎｄ
andｆｕｎｄｅｒｓ
funders ａｄｏｐｔ
adopt ｄａｔａ－ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ，andａｎｄasａｓa ａgrowing
data-sharing requirements, ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇnumber
ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ofｏｆ
enthusiastsｃａｌｌ
ｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｓ call for
ｆｏｒ more openness, ｊｕｎｉｏｒ
ｍｏｒｅ ｏｐｅｎｎｅｓｓ， junior researchers
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ must
ｍｕｓｔ find
ｆｉｎｄ their
ｔｈｅｉｒplace
ｐｌａｃｅbetween
ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ adopters
ａｄｏｐｔｅｒｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｔｈｏｓｅ
thoseｗｈｏ
whoｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ
continueｔｏtoｈｏｌｄ
holdｏｕｔ，
out,ｅｖｅｎ
evenａｓasｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｔｒｉｖｅ
strive ｔｏ ｌａｕｎｃｈ ｔｈｅｉｒ
to launch ｏｗｎ ｃａｒｅｅｒｓ．
their own careers.

[C] Ｏｎｅ
［Ｃ］ Oneｋｅｙ
keyｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ
challengeｆａｃｉｎｇ
facingｙｏｕｎｇ
youngｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ
scientists ｉｓ
is how
ｈｏｗ ｔｏto ｂｅbeｏｐｅｎ
openｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ
becoming scientifically
ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｌｌｙ
ｖｕｌｎｅｒａｂｌｅ．Ｔｈｅｙ
vulnerable. Theyｍｕｓｔ
mustｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ ｔｈｅtheｒｉｓｋ
determine riskｏｆofｊｅｏｐａｒｄｉｚｉｎｇ
jeopardizingａ aｊｏｂ
jobｏｆｆｅｒ
offer ｏｒ
or ａa ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ al
ｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌ
collaboration propos
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｗｈｏ
whoａｒｅ
are ｗａｒｙ
wary ｏｆ
of —
- ｏｒ
or ｕｎｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ ｗｉｔｈ-—open
unfamiliar with ｏｐｅｎscience.
ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ．Ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｙmust
And they ｍｕｓｔlearn
ｌｅａｍ how
ｈｏｗ toｔｏ
ｃａｐｉｔａｌｉｚｅ
capitalize ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ＇ｓ
movement'sｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ，
benefits,ｓｕｃｈ
suchａｓas ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ
opportunities ｆｏｒ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ
for more ａｎｄ aａ way
citations and ｗａｙ ｔｏto build
ｂｕｉｌｄ aａ
reputation ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ without ｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｅｄ
needｆｏｒ
for ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ
conventional ｍｅｔｒｉｃｓ，
metrics, such as publication
ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ inｉｎ high-impact
ｈｉｇｈ－ｉｍｐａｃｔ journals.
ｊｏｕｍａｌｓ．

第
第 ５／１２页
5／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
［Ｄ］
[D]Ｓｏｍｅ
Some ｆｉｅｌｄｓ
fieldsｈａｖｅ
haveｅｍｂｒａｃｅｄ
embracedｏｐｅｎ
openｄａｔａ
dataｍｏｒｅ
more ｔｈａｎ
thanｏｔｈｅｒｓ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
others. Researchersｉｎinｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ，
psychology,ａa ｆｉｅｌｄ ｒｏｃｋｅｄ
field rocked
ｂｙbyｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ
findingsｏｆofｉｒｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ
irreproducibility ｉｎ ｔｈｅ past
in the ｐａｓｔ few
ｆｅｗ years
ｙｅａｒｓ，, have
ｈａｖｅ been
ｂｅｅｎ ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｖｏｃａｌ supporters
especially vocal ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of the
ｄｒｉｖｅ ｆｏｒ ｍｏｒｅ－ｏｐｅｎ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ． Ａ ｆｅｗ ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ ｊｏｕｒａｌｓ ｈａｖｅ ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ ｉｎｃｅｎｔｉｖｅｓ ｔｏ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
drive for more-open science. A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase
ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｉｎ reproducible
interest in ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｂｌｅ science
ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ—
- forｆｏｒ example
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，, byｂｙ affixing
ａｆｆｉｘｉｎｇanａｎ＇ｏｐｅｎ－ｄａｔａ＇ｂａｄｇｅ
' open-data ' badgeｔｏ toａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ
articles ｔｈａｔ
that
ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ
clearly ｓｔａｔｅ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｄａｔａ
state where data ａｒｅ
are ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ． Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ toｔｏ social
available. According ｓｏｃｉａｌ psychologist
ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔBrian
Ｂｒｉａｎ Nosek
Ｎｏｓｅｋ，, executive
ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅ
ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
director of the Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ
Center ｆｏｒ
for Ｏｐｅｎ
OpenＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，
Science , ｔｈｅ
the ａｖｅｒａｇｅ
average ｄａｔａ－ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
data-sharing ｒａｔｅ ｆｏｒ the
rate for ｔｈｅ journal
ｊｏｕｍａｌ
Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃ，ｗｈｉｃｈ
Psychological Science, whichｕｓｅｓ
uses ｔｈｅ ｂａｄｇｅｓ，, increased
the badges ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄtenfold
ｔｅｎｆｏｌｄto ｔｏ
38%３８ from
ｒｏｍ 2013
２０１３ ｔｏ ２０１５．
to 2015.

［Ｅ］
[E]Ｆｕｎｄｅｒｓ，
Funders ,ｔｏｏ，ａｒｅ
too , areｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ ａｄｏｐｔｉｎｇ an
increasingly adopting ａｎ open-data
ｏｐｅｎ－ｄａｔａ policy.
ｐｏｌｉｃｙ．Several
Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌstrｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙ ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅ，ａｎｄ
ongly encourage ｓｏｍｅ
, and some
ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ，ａ
require , a ｄａｔａ－ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ
data-managementｐｌａｎ
planｔｈａｔ
that ｍａｋｅｓ
makesｄａｔａ
data ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ． Ｔｈｅ US
available. The ＵＳ Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ Foundation
National Science Ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ
ｉｓis ａｍｏｎｇ
amongｔｈｅｓｅ．
these. Ｓｏｍｅ
Someｐｈｉｌａｎｔｈｒｏｐｉｃ（慈善的）ｆｕｎｄｅｒｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ
philanthropic ( if} -¼- � ) funders , including the
ｔｈｅ Bill
Ｂｉｌｌ&＆ Melinda Gates
Ｍｅｌｉｎｄａ Ｇａｔｅｓ
Ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ
Foundationｉｎin Ｓｅａｔｔｌｅ， Ｗａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ，ａｎｄ
Seattle , Washington , and ｔｈｅ Ｗｅｌｌｃｏｍｅ Ｔｒｕｓｔ
the Wellcome ｉｎ London
Trust in Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ，, ａｌｓｏ ｍａｎｄａｔｅ open
also mandate ｏｐｅｎ ｄａｔａ
data
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｇｒａｎｔ
grant ｒｅｃｉｐｉｅｎｔｓ．
recipients.

［Ｆ］
[F] Ｂｕｔ
But ｍａｎｙ
manyｙｏｕｎｇ
youngｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ，
researchers , ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｔｈｏｓｅ who
especially those ｗｈｏ ｈａｖｅ
have ｎｏｔ
not ｂｅｅｎ
been ｍｅｎｔｏｒｅｄ
mentoredｉｎin ｏｐｅｎ
openｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ，
science , ａｒｅ
are
ｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
uncertain ａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｔｏtoｓｈａｒｅ
shareｏｒorｔｏto ｓｔａｙ
stay ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ． Ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ students
private. Graduate ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ and
ａｎｄ postdocs
ｐｏｓｔｄｏｃｓ，, who
ｗｈｏ ｏｆｔｅｎ ａｒｅ
often are
ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
workingｏｎonｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｌａｂ
lab ｈｅａｄ＇ｓ
head's ｇｒａｎｔ，
grant, ｍａｙ
may ｈａｖｅ
haveｎｏnoｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｉｆifｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｏｒ
supervisor ｏｒ
or ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
another ｓｅｎｉｏｒ
senior
ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅ
colleague ｏｐｐｏｓｅｓ
opposes ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ．
sharing.

[G]Ｓｏｍｅ
［Ｇ］ Some fearｔｈａｔ
ｆｅａｒ thatｔｈｅ
theｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
potential ｉｍｐａｃｔ
impactｏｆofｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharingｉｓis ｔｏｏ
too ｈｉｇｈ，
high , ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
especially ａｔ
at ｔｈｅ
the early
ｅａｒｌｙ stages
ｓｔａｇｅｓ of
ｏｆ aａ
career. " Everybody
ｃａｒｅｅｒ．＂Ｅｖｅｒｙｂｏｄｙ ｈａｓhasａ aｓｃａｒｙ
scaryｓｔｏｒｙ
storyａｂｏｕｔ
about ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ
someoneｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ scooped (�Jt.t%¾.)," says New
getting ｓｃｏｏｐｅｄ（被抢先），＂＂ｓａｙｓ Ｎｅｗ York
Ｙｏｒｋ
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
Universityａｓｔｒｏｎｏｍｅｒ
astronomerＤａｖｉｄ Ｈｏｇｇ．
David Ｔｈｏｓｅ
Hogg. ｆｅａｒｓfears
Those ｍａｙmay
ｂｅ ａbeｆａｃｔｏｒ ｉｎ inａ ｌｉｎｇｅｒｉｎｇ
a factor a lingeringｈｅｓｉｔａｔｉｏｎ
hesitation ｔｏ ｓｈａｒｅ
to share
dataｅｖｅｎ
ｄａｔａ evenｗｈｅｎ
when publishingｉｎinｊｏｕｒｎａｌｓ
ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇ journalsｔｈａｔ
that ｍａｎｄａｔｅ
mandateｉｔ．
it.

［Ｈ］
[H]Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
Researchersａｔat ｓｍａｌｌ
small ｌａｂｓ
labs ｏｒ
or ａｔ
at ｉｎｓｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｃｕｓｅｄonｏｎ teaching
insitutions focused ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ arguably
ａｒｇｕａｂｌｙ have
ｈａｖｅ the
ｔｈｅ most
ｍｏｓｔ ｔｏ
to ｌｏｓｅ
lose
ｗｈｅｎ
whenｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharingｈａｒｄ－ｗｏｎ
hard-wonｄａｔａ．＂Ｗｉｔｈ ｍｙ my
data. " With ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ
institutionａｎｄ
andｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ
teachingｌｏａｄ，
load , ＩI ｄｏｎ＇ｔ ｈａｖｅ postdocs
don't have ｐｏｓｔｄｏｃｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｇｒａｄ
grad ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ，＂ｓａｙｓ
students ," says Ｔｅｒｒｙ
TenyＭｃＧｌｙｎｎ，ａ
McGlynn ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ
, a tropical ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
biologistａｔ atＣａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ
CaliforniaＳｔａｔｅ
State Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，
University,
Ｄｏｍｉｎｇｕｅｚ
Dominguez Ｈｉｌｌｓ．＂Ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｋｅｓ
Hills. " The ａｒｅareｈｉｇｈｅｒ
stakes ｆｏｒforｍｅmeｔｏ toｓｈａｒｅ
higher shareｄａｔａ
dataｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｉｔ＇ｓ
it's ａa ｂｉｇｇｅｒ
bigger ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ
fraction of
ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ
what's ｈａｐｐｅｎｉｎｇ
happening ｉｎ ｍｙ ｌａｂ．＂
in my lab."

［］[I]Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
Researchersａｌｓｏ
alsoｐｏｉｎｔ
pointｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｔｉｍｅ
timeｓｉｎｋ
sinkｔｈａｔ
that ｉｓ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ in
is involved ｉｎ preparing
ｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇ data
ｄａｔａ for
ｆｏｒ others
ｏｔｈｅｒｓtoｔｏview.
ｖｉｅｗ．Once
Ｏｎｃｅ
ｔｈｅ
theｄａｔａ
data ａｎｄ
andａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ
associated ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ
materials ａｐｐｅａｒ
appear ｉｎ repository ( ,ff- � 4 ), answering questions
in ａa ｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｏｒｙ（存储库），ａｎｓｗｅｒｉｎｇ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ
handling ｃｏｍｐｌａｉｎｔｓ
complaints ｃａｎ
can ｔａｋｅ ｍａｎｙ ｈｏｕｒｓ．
take many hours.

［Ｊ］[J] Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｉｍｅ
timeｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ
investmentｃａｎ
canｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ
present ｏｔｈｅｒ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．ＩｎIn ｓｏｍｅ
other problems. someｃａｓｅｓ，ｓａｙｓ
cases , saysｄａｔａ
dataｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔ ＫａｒｔｈｉｋRam,
scientist Karthik Ｒａｍ，ｉｔit
ｍａｙmayｂｅ beｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ
difficult ｆｏｒ ｊｕｎｉｏｒresearchers
for junior ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓto ｔｏembrace
ｅｍｂｒａｃｅopenness
ｏｐｅｎｎｅｓｓwhen
ｗｈｅｎ senior
ｓｅｎｉｏｒcolleagues
ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ-—many
ｍａｎｙ ofｏｆ
ｗｈｏｍ
whomｈｅａｄ
headｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ
selection ａｎｄ
and ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ
promotion ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｓ
committees —-ｍｉｇｈｔ
might ｒｉｄｉｃｕｌｅ ｗｈａｔ they
ridicule what ｔｈｅｙ may
ｍａｙ ｖｉｅｗ
view ａｓ
as
ｍｉｓｐｌａｃｅｄ ｅｎｅｒｇｉｅｓ．＂Ｉｖｅ ｈｅａｒｄ ｔｈｉｓ ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ — ｔｈａｔ ｅｍｂｒａｃｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅａ ｏｆ ｏｐｅｎ ｄａｔａ ａｎｄ ｃｏｄｅ
misplaced energies. " I've heard this recently - that embracing the idea of open data and code
ｍａｋｅｓ
makesｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｓuncomfortable
traditional academics ｕｎｃｏｍｆｏｒｔａｂｌｅ，＂ ｓａｙｓRam.
," says Ｒａｍ．＂Ｔｈｅ
" The ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎ
concern ｓｅｅｍｓ
seems ｔｏ
to ｂｅ
be ｔｈａｔ ｏｐｅｎ
that open
ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ
advocatesｄｏｎ＇ｔ
don'tｓｐｅｎｄ
spendｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｔｉｍｅ
time ｂｅｉｎｇ
being ａｓ
as ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
productive ａｓ
as ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ．＂
possible."

第第 ６／１２页
6／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 [K]ＡｎAnｏｐｅｎ－ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
［Ｋ］ open-scienceｓｔａｎｃｅ
stanceｃａｎ
canａｌｓｏ
alsoａｄｄ
addｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｔｙ
complexityｔｏ toａ aｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ．
collaboration. Ｋａｔｅ
KateＲａｔｌｉｆｆ，
Ratliff, who studies
ｗｈｏ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ
ｓｏｃｉａｌ
socialａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ ａｔ the
attitudes at ｔｈｅ University
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ of
ｏｆ Florida,
Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ， Gainesville,
Ｇａｉｎｅｓｖｉｌｌｅ，ｓａｙｓ ｔｈａｔ itｉｔcan
says that ｃａｎ seem
ｓｅｅｍ ａｓ
as ｉｆ ｔｈｅｒｅ are
if there ａｒｅ two
ｔｗｏ
ｃａｍｐｓ
campsｉｎinａ aｆｉｅｌｄ — ｔｈｏｓｅ
field - ｗｈｏ ｃａｒｅ
those who ａｂｏｕｔ open
care about ｏｐｅｎ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ those
science and ｔｈｏｓｅwho
ｗｈｏ don't.
ｄｏｎ＇ｔ．＂Ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ
" There's aａ new
ｎｅｗ area
ａｒｅａ
ｔｏto ｎａｖｉｇａｔｅ —＇Ａｒｅ
navigate - ' Areｙｏｕ
youｃｏｏｌ
coolｗｉｔｈ
withｔｈｅ
theｆａｃｔ
fact ｔｈａｔ Ｉ＇ｌｌwant
that I'll ｗａｎｔto ｔｏmake
ｍａｋｅtheｔｈｅdataｄａｔａopen?
ｏｐｅｎ？＇— ｗｈｅｎ
' - when
ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ
talking ｗｉｔｈ
with ｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ
somebodyａｂｏｕｔ
aboutａｎanｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
interesting ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｉｄｅａ，＂ｓｈｅ
research idea," she ｓａｙｓ．
says.

[L]Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ
［Ｌ］ Despiteｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ
complicationsａｎｄ
andｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ，
concerns,ｔｈｅ the ｕｐｓｉｄｅｓ
upsides ｏｆ
of ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharing ｃａｎ
can ｂｅ
be ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ．
significant. For
Ｆｏｒexample,
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，when
ｗｈｅｎ
informationｉｓisｕｐｌｏａｄｅｄ
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ uploadedｔｏ toａ aｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｏｒｙ，
repository,ａaｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digital object
ｏｂｊｅｃｔ identifier (DOI) is ａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄ．
ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｒ（ＤＯＩ）ｉｓ assigned. Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ
Scientists can
ｃａｎ
useａ aＤＯＩ
ｕｓｅ DOIｔｏ to publish
ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈ each
ｅａｃｈ ｓｔｅｐstepｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
research lifeｃｙｃｌｅ，
ｌｉｆｅ cycle, ｎｏｔ
not ｊｕｓｔ
just the
ｔｈｅ final
ｆｉｎａｌpaper. In so
ｐａｐｅｒ．Ｉｎ ｓｏ doing,
ｄｏｉｎｇ， they
ｔｈｅｙ
ｃａｎcanｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ
potentially ｇｅｔ
get ｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ
citations - — one
ｏｎｅ ｅａｃｈ
each ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ ｄａｔａ and
the data ａｎｄ ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ，
software, ｉｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ toｔｏ the
in addition ｔｈｅ paper
ｐａｐｅｒ
ｉｔｓｅｌｆ． Ａｎｄ ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｓｏｍｅ ｓａｙ ｔｈａｔ ｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ ｏｒ ｄａｔａ ｈａｖｅ ｌｉｔｌｅ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｙ ｉｎ ａｃａｄｅｍｉａ，
itself. And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,
ｔｈｅｙ
theyｃａｎ
canｈａｖｅ
haveｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ．
benefits.

［Ｍ］[M]Ｍａｎｙ
Manyａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ
advocatesｔｈｉｎｋ ｔｈａｔ
think thatｔｒａｎｓｐａｒｅｎｔ
transparent ｄａｔａ
data ｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓ
procedures ｗｉｔｈ
with ａa ｄａｔｅ
date ａｎｄ
and ｔｉｍｅ
time ｓｔａｍｐ
stampｗｉｌｌwill ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ
protect
ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｂｅｉｎｇ
scientists from being ｓｃｏｏｐｅｄ．＂Ｔｈｉｓ
scooped. " Thisｉｓisｔｈｅ
theｓｗｅｅｔ
sweetｓｐｏｔ
spotｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
between ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharingａｎｄandｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ
gettingｃｒｅｄｉｔ
creditｆｏｒ
forｉｔ，
it,
whileｄｉｓｃｏｕｒａｇｉｎｇ
ｗｈｉｌｅ discouragingｐｌａｇｉａｒｉｓｍ（剽窃），＂ｓａｙｓ
plagiarism (.#.IJ $5 )," says Ｉｖｏ
Ivo Ｇｒｉｇｏｒｏｖ，ａ
Grigorov, a ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
project ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｏｒ
coordinator ａｔ
at the
ｔｈｅ National
Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ ｏｆAquatic
Institute of Ａｑｕａｔｉｃ Resources
Ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ Research
Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｓｅｃｒｅｔａｒｉａｔ
Secretariat inｉｎCharlottenlund,
Ｃｈａｒｌｏｔｔｅｎｌｕｎｄ，Denmark.
Ｄｅｎｍａｒｋ．Ｈｏｇｇ
Hogg ｓａｙｓ
says ｔｈａｔ
that
ｓｃｏｏｐｉｎｇ
scoopingｉｓis ｌｅｓｓ ｏｆ aａ problem
less of ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ than
ｔｈａｎ many
ｍａｎｙ ｔｈｉｎｋ．＂Ｔｈｅ
think. " Theｔｗｏ ｃａｓｅｓ
two casesＩ＇ｍI'mｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ
familiarｗｉｔｈ
withｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅ
didn't involve
ｏｐｅｎ
openｄａｔａ
data ｏｒ
or ｃｏｄｅ，＂ｈｅ
code," he ｓａｙｓ．
says.

［Ｎ］[N]Ｏｐｅｎ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
Open ａｌｓｏalsoｏｆｆｅｒｓ
science offersｊｕｎｉｏｒ
juniorｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchersｔｈｅ
theｃｈａｎｃｅ
chanceｔｏtoｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｔｈｅ
the ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ
playing ｆｉｅｌｄ ｂｙ ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ
field by gaining ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better
ａｃｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏto ｃｒｕｃｉａｌ ｄａｔａ．Ｒｏｓｓ
crucial data. Ｍｏｕｎｃｅ，ａ
Ross Moun ce, aｐｏｓｔｄｏｃ
postdocｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ
studyingｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙ
evolutionaryｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ
biologyａｔat ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ofｏｆ
the University
Ｃａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ，
Cambridge,ＵＫ，UK,ｉｓ isａ ｖｏｃａｌ
a vocalｃｈａｍｐｉｏｎ ｏｆ of
champion ｏｐｅｎopen
ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ， ｐａｒｔｌｙ
science, partlyｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｈｉｓ
hisｆｏｓｓｉｌ－ｂａｓｅｄ
fossil-based ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
research
ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ
dependsｏｎon
ａｃｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏtoｏｔｈｅｒｓ＇ｄａｔａ．Ｈｅ
others' data. Heｓａｙｓ
saysｔｈａｔ
that ｍｏｒｅ
moreｏｐｅｎｎｅｓｓ
opennessｉｎinｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
science ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｈｅｌｐ
help ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒａｇｅ
to discourage
ｗｈａｔ
whatｓｏｍｅ ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅ
some ａｓ asａ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ
perceive ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ
a common ｏｆ ｓｈｕｔｔｉｎｇ
practice ｏｕｔout
of shutting ｅａｒｌｙ－ｃａｒｅｅｒ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ＇ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔｓ
early-career scientists' requestsｆｏｒ
for ｄａｔａ．
data.

[O] Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
［Ｏ］ Communicationａｌｓｏ
alsoｈｅｌｐｓ
helpsｆｏｒ
forｔｈｏｓｅ
those ｗｈｏ
whoｗｏｒｒｙ
worry about
ａｂｏｕｔ jeopardizingａ aｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ，
ｊｅｏｐａｒｄｉｚｉｎｇ collaboration, ｈｅ
he ｓａｙｓ．
says.
Ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ
Concernsａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｏｐｅｎ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
open scienceｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｂｅbeｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ
discussedａｔat ｔｈｅ
the ｏｕｔｓｅｔ ｏｆaａstudy.
outset of ｓｔｕｄｙ．＂Ｗｈｅｎｅｖｅｒ
" Wheneverｙｏｕ
youｓｔａｒｔ
start aａ
project ｗｉｔｈ
ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ with ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ，ｙｏｕ
someone, you have
ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ toｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈ
establish ａa ｃｌｅａｒ
clear understanding
ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ of
ｏｆ expectations
ｅｘｐｅｃｔａｔｉｏｎｓforｆｏｒwho
ｗｈｏowns
ｏｗｎｓ
ｔｈｅ
the ｄａｔａ， ａｔ what
data, at ｗｈａｔ point
ｐｏｉｎｔthey
ｔｈｅｙgoｇｏpublic
ｐｕｂｌｉｃandａｎｄwho
ｗｈｏcan
ｃａｎdoｄｏ what
ｗｈａｔ with
ｗｉｔｈ them,"
ｔｈｅｍ，＂ｈｅhe ｓａｙｓ．
says.

[P] Ｉｎ
［Ｐ］ In ｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ，
end, ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharing ｄａｔａ，
data, ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ
software ａｎｄ
and ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ
materials ｗｉｔｈ
with ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ
colleagues ｃａｎ
can ｈｅｌｐ
help ａｎanｅａｒｌｙ－ｃａｒｅｅｒ
early-career
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ
researcher ｔｏ ｇａｉｎ recognition
to gain ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ-— aａ crucial
ｃｒｕｃｉａｌcomponent
ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ ofｏｆ success.
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ．＂Ｔｈｅ
" The ｔｈｉｎｇ
thing ｙｏｕ
you ａｒｅ
are ｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｇ
searching
for ｉｓ
ｆｏｒ is ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ，＂ｓａｙｓ
reputation," says Titus
ＴｉｔｕｓBrown,
Ｂｒｏｗｎ，a ａgenomics ( £. Jl;I ill ':if:. ) researcher ａｔ
ｇｅｎｏｍｉｃｓ（基因组学）ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ at ｔｈｅ
the Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University of
ｏｆ
Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ， Ｄａｖｉｓ．＂Ｔｏ
California, Davis. " Toｇｅｔ
getｇｒａｎｔｓ
grants ａｎｄ
and ｊｏｂｓ， ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
jobs, you have ｔｏ
to ｂｅ
be ｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔ ａｎｄ achieve
relevant and ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ
level of
ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
publicｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ．Ａｎｙｔｈｉｎｇ
recognition. Anythingｙｏｕyou
ｄｏ doｔｈａｔthatａｄｖａｎｃｅｓ ｙｏｕｒ
advances yourｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ —-ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
presence especiallyｉｎinａaｌａｒｇｅｒ ｓｐｈｅｒｅ，
larger sphere,
ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ
outside ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ ｙｏｕ
the communities you ｋｎｏｗ
know—-ｉｓis ａa ｎｅｔ ｗｉｎ．＂"
net win.

３６．Ａｓｔｒｏｎｏｍｅｒ Ｄａｖｉｄ
36. Astronomer ＨｏｇｇHogg
David ｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ ｔｈｉｎｋ
doesn't h
ｓｃｏｏｐｉｎｇ
tink ｉｓ isａｓasｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ
scooping seriousａa ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
problemａｓasｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ
generally ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ．
thought.

第７／１２页
第 7／12页
淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
３７．Ｓｏｍｅ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
37. Some researchersａｒｅareｈｅｓｉｔａｎｔ
hesitant ｔｏ
to ｍａｋｅ
makeｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｄａｔａ
data ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｆｏｒ
for ｆｅａｒ ｔｈａｔothers
fear that ｏｔｈｅｓ might
ｍｉｇｈｔ publish
ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈ
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ
somethingｓｉｍｉｌａｒ
similar ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅｍ．
before them.

３８．Ｓｏｍｅ ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ
38. Some ｊｏｕｍａｌｓ
psychology ｈａｖｅhave
journals ｏｆｆｅｒｅｄ ｉｎｃｅｎｔｉｖｅｓ
offered incentivesｔｏtoｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅ
encourageａｕｔｈｏｒｓ
authorsｔｏto ｓｈａｒｅ
share ｔｈｅｉｒ ｄａｔａ
their data.

３９．Ｔｈｅｒｅ
39. Thereｉｓisａ aｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
growingｄｅｍａｎｄ
demandｉｎ inｔｈｅthｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
e scienceｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ
communityｔｈａｔthatｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
researchｄａｔａ
dataｂｅbeｏｐｅｎ
openｔｏtoｔｈｅ
the ｐｕｂｌｉｃ．
public.

４０．Ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ ｄａｔａdataｏｆｆｅｒｓ
40. Sharing offersｅａｒｌｙ－ｃａｒｅｅｒ
early-careerｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchersｔｈｅ
theｃｈａｎｃｅ
chanceｔｏtoｂｕｉｌｄ
buildａ aｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
certainｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｏｆ
of ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ．
reputation.

４１．Ｄａｔａ
41. Dataｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharingｅｎａｂｌｅｓ
enablesｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ
scientists ｔｏ ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈ each
to publish ｅａｃｈ ｓｔｅｐ ｏｆ their
step of ｔｈｅｉｒresearch
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈwork,
ｗｏｒｋ， thus
ｔｈｕｓleading
ｌｅａｄｉｎｇtoｔｏmore
ｍｏｒｅ
ｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ．
citations.

４２．
42.Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｈｏｌｄ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
Scientists hold ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｓ about
different opinions ａｂｏｕｔ the
ｔｈｅ extent
ｅｘｔｅｎｔ and
ａｎｄ timing
ｔｉｍｉｎｇ ｏｆof ｄａｔａ ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ．
data sharing.

４３．Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
43. Potential ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
problems ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ
related toｔｏ data
ｄａｔａsharing
ｓｈａｒｉｎｇshould
ｓｈｏｕｌｄbeｂｅmade
ｍａｄｅ known
ｋｎｏｗｎ ｔｏto ａｎｄ
and ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ
discussed ｂｙ
by ａｌｌ
all
ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants ａｔ ｔｈｅ beginning
at the ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ ｏｆofａa ｊｏｉｎｔ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ．
joint research project.

４４．
44. Ｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
Sharing ｄａｔａ
data ａｎｄ
and ｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ
handling ｄａｔａ－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｉｓｓｕｅｓcan
data-related issues ｃａｎbeｂｅtime-consuming.
ｔｉｍｅ－ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇ．

４５．Ｊｕｎｉｏｒ
45. Juniorｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｍａｙ
may ｈａｖｅ
haveｎｏnoｓａｙ
say ｗｈｅｎ
whenｉｔit ｃｏｍｅｓ
comesｔｏtoｓｈａｒｉｎｇ
sharing ｄａｔａ．
data.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions : Ｔｈｅｒｅ
There ａｒｅ
are ２ 2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎinｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
section. Each passage ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ
is followed by ｓｏｍｅ
some ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｏｒ
or
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．ForＦｏｒeach
unfinished statements. ｅａｃｈofｏｆ ｔｈｅｍ
them ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ ｆｏｕｒ
are four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices markedｍａｒｋｅｄ
A ) , BＡ），Ｂ），，Ｃ）ａｎｄ
) , C ) and
D ) . You
Ｄ）．Ｙｏｕ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ decideｏｎonｔｈｅ
ｄｅｃｉｄｅ theｂｅｓｔ
best ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choice and
ａｎｄ mark the corresponding
ｍａｒｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletｌｅｔｔｅｒ Answer
ter on ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with a singleｌｉｎｅ
lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions４６46ｔｏto ５０
50 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.

ＩｎInｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ
beginning ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｍｏｖｉｅＩ，Ｒｏｂｏｔ，
the movie I , Robotａ, aｒｏｂｏｔ
robotｈａｓ
hasｔｏto ｄｅｃｉｄｅ
decide ｗｈｏｍ
whomｔｏtoｓａｖｅ
saveａｆｔｅｒ ｔｗｏo ｃａｒｓ
after tw ｐｌｕｎｇｅ
cars plunge
ｉｎｔｏ
into ｔｈｅ ｗａｔｅｒ—Ｄｅｌ Ｓｐｏｏｎｅｒ
the water-Del Spooner ｏｒ
or aａ child.
ｃｈｉｌｄ．Even
Ｅｖｅｎthough
ｔｈｏｕｇｈSpooner
Ｓｐｏｏｎｅｒ screams
ｓｃｒｅａｍｓ＂Ｓａｖｅ
" Save ｈｅｒ！ Ｓａｖｅ her!
her! Save ｈｅｒ！＂ｔｈｅ
" the ｒｏｂｏｔ
robot
ｒｅｓｃｕｅｓ
rescues ｈｉｍ
himｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｉｔit ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｓ ｔｈａｔheｈｅ has
calculates that ｈａｓ aａ 45４５ percent
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ chance
ｃｈａｎｃｅ of
ｏｆ survival
ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌcompared
ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｔｏ
to Ｓａｒａｈ＇ｓ １１
Sarah's 11
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ．
percent. Ｔｈｅ
The ｒｏｂｏｔ＇ｓ
robot's ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ
decision and ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄapａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ
its calculated ｒａｉｓｅanａｎimportant
proach raise ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔquestion:
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ：would
ｗｏｕｌｄhumans
ｈｕｍａｎｓ
ｍａｋｅ
makeｔｈｅ
theｓａｍｅ
sameｃｈｏｉｃｅ？
choice? Ａｎｄ
Andｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choice ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｗｅweｗａｎｔ
wantｏｕｒ
ourｒｏｂｏｔｉｃ
robotic ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｐａｒｓ ｔｏmake?
counterparts to ｍａｋｅ？
Ｉｓａａｃ
Isaac Ａｓｉｍｏｖ
Asimovｅｖａｄｅｄ ｔｈｅtheｗｈｏｌｅ
evaded ｎｏｔｉｏｎ
whole ｏｆ of
notion ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ
moralityｉｎinｄｅｖｉｓｉｎｇ
devisingｈｉｓ
hisｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｌａｗｓ
laws ｏｆ
of ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ， ｗｈｉｃｈ
robotics, which
ｈｏｌｄ
hold ｔｈａｔ
that 1.１．Robots
Ｒｏｂｏｔｓcannot
ｃａｎｎｏｔharm
ｈａｒｍ humans
ｈｕｍａｎｓ orｏｒ allow
ａｌｌｏｗ humans
ｈｕｍａｎｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｅ ｔｏto harm;
to come ｈａｒｍ； 2.２． Robots
Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ must
ｍｕｓｔ obey
ｏｂｅｙ
ｈｕｍａｎｓ，
humans,ｅｘｃｅｐｔ
except ｗｈｅｒｅ
where ｔｈｅ
the ｏｒｄｅｒ
order ｗｏｕｌｄ
would ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ ｗｉｔｈ law
conflict with ｌａｗ 1;１； and
ａｎｄ ３．Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
3. Robots ｍｕｓｔ
mustａｃｔ
actｉｎin ｓｅｌｆ－
self­
ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ， ｕｎｌｅｓｓ doing
preservation, unless ｄｏｉｎｇ soｓｏ conflicts
ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔｓwith
ｗｉｔｈlaws
ｌａｗｓI １orｏｒ2. ２．These
Ｔｈｅｓｅlaws
ｌａｗｓareａｒｅprogrammed
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ into
ｉｎｔｏ Asimov's
Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ
robots-they ｄｏｎ＇ｔ
ｒｏｂｏｔｓ—ｔｈｅｙ don't ｈａｖｅ
have ｔｏ
to ｔｈｉｎｋ，
think, judge, or value.
ｊｕｄｇｅ，ｏｒ ｖａｌｕｅ． They don't ｈａｖｅ
Ｔｈｅｙ ｄｏｎｔ have ｔｏto ｌｉｋｅ
like ｈｕｍａｎｓ
humansｏｒorｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
believe ｔｈａｔ
that

第８ ／ １２页
第 8／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
ｈｕｒｔｉｎｇ
hurting ｔｈｅｍ
themｉｓis ｗｒｏｎｇ
wrongｏｒorｂａｄ．
bad. Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｉｍｐｌｙ
simplyｄｏｎ＇ｔ
don't ｄｏ
doｉｔ．
it.
ＴｈｅTheｒｏｂｏｔ
robotｗｈｏ
whoｒｅｓｃｕｅｓ
rescuesＳｐｏｏｎｅｒ＇ｓ
Spooner'sｌｉｆｅ ｉｎ IＩ，Ｒｄｂｏｔ
life in , Robot ｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｚｅｒｏ＂
followsAsimov's ｌａｗ： robots
zero law: ｒｏｂｏｔｓcannot
ｃａｎｎｏｔharm
th
ｈａｒｍ
ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ
humanity（ａｓ
(asｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ
opposedｔｏtoｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｈｕｍａｎｓ） ｏｒ
individual humans) ａｌｌｏｗ humanity
or allow ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ to
ｔｏ come
ｃｏｍｅ to
ｔｏ harm-an
ｈａｒｍ—ａｎ ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ
expansion ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of the
ｆｉｒｓｔ ｌａｗ ｔｈａｔ
first law ａｌｌｏｗｓ
that all ｒｏｂｏｔｓ toｔｏ determine
ows robots ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ what's
ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅ greater
ｇｒｅａｔｅｒgood.
ｇｏｏｄ．Under
Ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ
the ｆｉｓｔ ｌａｗ， aａ robot
first law, ｒｏｂｏｔ could
ｃｏｕｌｄ
ｎｏｔ
notｈａｒｍ
harmａ aｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ
dangerousｇｕｎｍａｎ，
gunman, ｂｕｔbutｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅtheｚｅｒｏ＂
under zeroｌａｗ，
th
law,ａ aｒｏｂｏｔ
robotｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｋｉｌｌ
kill ｔｈｅ ｇｕｎｍａｎ ｔｏtoｓａｖｅ
the gunman save ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．
others.
Ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
Whetherｉｔｓit'sｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ
possible ｔｏ
to ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ
programａa ｒｏｂｏｔ
robot ｗｉｔｈ
with ｓａｆｅｇｕａｒｄｓ ｓｕｃｈ asａｓAsimov's
safeguards such Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ laws
ｌａｗｓ isｉｓ debatable.
ｄｅｂａｔａｂｌｅ．Ａ
A
ｗｏｒｄ
wordｓｕｃｈ
suchａｓ＂ｈａｒｍ＂ｉｓ
as "harm" ｖａｇｕｅ（ｗｈａｔ ａｂｏｕｔ
is vague (what ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌ
about emotionalｈａｍｍ？Ｉｓ
harm? Isｒｅｐｌａｃｉｎｇ
replacing ａa human
ｈｕｍａｎ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅ
employee ｈａｒｍ？），
harm?),
ａｎｄ
andａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ
abstract ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ
concepts ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｃｏｄｉｎｇ problems.
present coding ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ． Ｔｈｅ
The ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
robots ｉｎ Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｆｉｃｔｉｏｎ
inAsimov's ｅｘｐｏｓｅ ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ
fiction expose complications
ａｎｄ
andｌｏｏｐｈｏｌｅｓ
loopholesｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｔｈｒｅｅ
threeｌａｗｓ，
laws, ａｎｄ
andｅｖｅｎ
evenｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅthｌａｗｓ
when ｗｏｒｋ，
e laws ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
work, ｓｔｉｌｌ
robots stillｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏtoａｓｓｅｓｓ
assessｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ．
situations.
Ａｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄ． Ａ ｒｏｂｏｔ ｈａｓ ｔｏ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｙｅｒｓ， ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ， ａｎｄ
Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and
ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｓ
possible outcomesｆｏｒ forｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
variousｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏｓ．Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｄｏｕｂｔｆｕｌ that
scenarios. It's doubtful ｔｈａｔ aａcomputer
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ program
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｃａｎcanｄｏdoｔｈａｔ—ａｔ
that-atｌｅａｓｔ，
least,
ｎｏｔ
notｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
without ｓｏｍｅ
someｕｎｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅ
undesirableｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ．
results.A Ａ ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｉｓｔ
roboticist atａｔthe ｔｈｅBristol
ＢｒｉｓｔｏｌRobotics
ＲｏｂｏｔｉｃｓLaboratory
Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙprogrammed
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ aａ
ｒｏｂｏｔ
robot ｔｏto ｓａｖｅ
save human proxies Cf· t ) called "H-bots" from ｄａｎｇｅｒ．
ｈｕｍａｎ ｐｒｏｘｉｅｓ（替身）ｃａｌｌｅｄ＂Ｈ－ｂｏｔｓ＂ｆｒｏｍ Ｗｈｅｎ ｏｎｅ
danger. When one Ｈ－ｂｏｔ
H-bot ｈｅａｄｅｄ
headed ｆｏｒ
for
ｄａｎｇｅｒ，
danger,ｔｈｅthe ｒｏｂｏｔ
robot ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙ ｐｕｓｈｅｄ itｉｔoutｏｕｔofｏｆtheｔｈｅway.ｗａｙ．Ｂｕｔ
successfully pushed ｗｈｅｎ two
But when ｔｗｏ H-bots
Ｈ－ｂｏｔｓ became
ｂｅｃａｍｅ ｉｍｐｅｒｉｌｅｄ， ｔｈｅ
imperiled, the
ｒｏｂｏｔ
robot ｃｈｏｋｅｄ
choked４２42ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percent ｏｆof ｔｈｅ ｔｉｍｅ，ｕｎａｂｌｅ
the time, unable toｔｏ decide
ｄｅｃｉｄｅwhichｗｈｉｃｈ toｔｏsave
ｓａｖｅand
ａｎｄletting
ｌｅｔｔｉｎｇthem
ｔｈｅｍbothｂｏｔｈ＂ｄｉｅ．＂Ｔｈｅ
"die." The
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ
experimentｈｉｇｈｌｉｇｈｔｓ
highlights ｔｈｅ
the ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ
importance ｏｆ of ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ： ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ it,ｉｔ，how
morality: without ｈｏｗcan
ｃａｎaａrobot
ｒｏｂｏｔdecide
ｄｅｃｉｄｅwhom
ｗｈｏｍ ｔｏto save
ｓａｖｅ orｏｒ
ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ ｂｅｓｔ ｆｏｒ ｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ， ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｉｆ ｉｔ ｃａｎ＇ｔ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅ ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ ｏｄｄｓ？
what's best for huma n
ity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?

４６．
46. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ
questionｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
the ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ
exampleｉｎin ｔｈｅ ｍｏｖｉｅ ｒａｉｓｅ？
the movie raise?
A) Whetherｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Ａ） Ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ robotsｃａｎ
canｒｅａｃｈ
reachｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ．
decisions. Ｃ）C)Ｈｏｗ
Howｒｏｂｏｔｓ
robotsｍａｙ
mayｍａｋｅ
makeｂａｄ
badｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔｓ．
judgments.
B)Whether
Ｂ）Ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ robotsｆｏｌｌｏｗ
ｒｏｂｏｔｓ followAsimov's zero th law.
Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｚｅｒｏ＂ ｌａｗ． Ｄ）D)
Ｈｏｗ ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
How robotsｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｂｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ．
be programmed.

４７．
47. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｔｈｉｎｋ
think ｏｆ Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｔｈｒｅｅ
ofAsimov's three ｌａｗｓ
laws ｏｆ
of ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ？
robotics?
A)
Ａ） Theyａｒｅareａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｌｙ
Ｔｈｅｙ apparentlyｄｉｖｏｒｃｅｄ
divorcedｆｒｏｍ
fromｒｅａｌｉｔｙ．
reality.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｉｄ
didｎｏｔnotｆｏｌｌｏｗ
followｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｄｉｎｇ
codingｓｙｓｔｅｍ
systemｏｆofｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ．
robotics.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｌａｉｄ
laidａ aｓｏｌｉｄ
solidｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ
foundationｆｏｒfor ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ．
robotics.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｉｄdidｎｏｔnotｔａｋｅ
takeｍｏｒａｌ
moralｉｓｓｕｅｓ
issuesｉｎｔｏ
into ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎ．
consideration.

４８．
48. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
the ａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｓａｙ
say ａｂｏｕｔ Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｒｏｂｏｔｓ？
aboutAsimov's robots?
A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Ａ） Theyｋｎｏｗ
knowｗｈａｔ
whatｉｓisｇｏｏｄ
goodｏｒorｂａｄ
badｆｏｒ
for ｈｕｍａｎ
human ｂｅｉｎｇｓ．
beings.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
are ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ
programmedｎｏｔ
notｔｏto ｈｕｒｔ
hurt human beings.
ｈｕｍａｎ ｂｅｉｎｇｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ
perform dutiesｉｎinｔｈｅｉｒ
ｄｕｔｉｅｓ their ｏｗｎｅｒｓ＇ｂｅｓｔ
owners' bestｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ．
interest.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｔｏｐ
stopｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
workingｗｈｅｎ
whenａ aｍｏｒａｌ
moralｉｓｓｕｅ
issueｉｓis ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ．
involved.

４９．Ｗｈａｔ
49. Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ ｗａｎｔ toｔｏ say
author want ｓａｙbyｂｙmentioning
ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｇtheｔｈｅword
ｗｏｒｄ＂ｈａｒｍ＂ｉｎ Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ laws?
"harm" inAsimov's ｌａｗｓ？
A) Abstract ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ
Ａ） Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ concepts ａｒｅ
are hard
ｈａｒｄ to
ｔｏ program.
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ．
B) It is hard for robots to make decisions.
Ｂ） Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｈａｒｄ ｆｏｒ ｒｏｂｏｔｓ ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Robotsｍａｙmayｄｏ do harm
ｈａｒｍ ｉｎ in certainｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ．
ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ situations.
D)Asimov's
Ｄ） Ａｓｉｍｏｖ＇ｓ ｌａｗｓlaws ｕｓｅ
use ｔｏｏ
too many vague ｔｅｒｍｓ．
ｍａｎｙ ｖａｇｕｅ terms.

第９／１２页
第 9／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
５０．50.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｈａｓhasｔｈｅtheｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｉｓｔ
roboticist ａｔ ｔｈｅ Bristol
at the ＢｒｉｓｔｏｌRobotics
ＲｏｂｏｔｉｃｓLaboratory
Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ found
ｆｏｕｎｄ inｉｎ his
ｈｉｓexperiment?
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ？
Ａ）A)Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Robotsｃａｎ
canｂｅbeｍａｄｅ
madeａｓ as intelligent ａｓ
ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ as ｈｕｒｍｎａｎ
human beings
ｂｅｉｎｇｓsome
ｓｏｍｅ day.
ｄａｙ．
B) Robots can have moral issues encoded into their
Ｂ） Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ ｃａｎ ｈａｖｅ ｍｏｒａｌ ｉｓｓｕｅｓ ｅｎｃｏｄｅｄ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ．programs.
Ｃ）C)Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Robotsｃａｎ
canｈａｖｅ
haveｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ
trouble ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓ
decisions ｉｎ
in ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ
complex ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏｓ．
scenarios.
Ｄ）D)Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Robotsｃａｎ
canｂｅbeｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ
programmed to perceive
ｔｏ ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅ potentialｐｅｒｉｌｓ．
ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ perils.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Questions５１51ｔｏto ５５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 55 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following passage.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．

Ｏｕｒ
Ourｗｏｒｌｄ
worldｎｏｗ ｍｏｖｅｓ
now ｓｏ so
moves ｆａｓｔfastｔｈａｔ
thatｗｅweｓｅｌｄｏｍ
seldomｓｔｏｐ
stopｔｏtoｓｅｅ
see ｊｕｓｔ ｈｏｗ ｆａｒ
just how ｗｅ ｈａｖｅ
far we have ｃｏｍｅ
comeｉｎin ｊｕｓｔ
just aａ
ｆｅｗ
fewｙｅａｒｓ．
years. Ｔｈｅ
Theｌａｔｅｓｔ
latest ｉＰｈｏｎｅ
iPhone ６ｓ，
6s, ｆｏｒ
for ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，
example, ｈａｓ
has ａa ｄｕａｌ－ｃｏｒｅ
dual-core ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒ
processor ａｎｄ
andｆｉｔｓ
fits ｎｉｃｅｌｙ ｉｎｔｏ your
nicely into ｙｏｕｒ
ｐｏｃｋｅｔ．
pocket. Ｂｙ
Byｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ，
comparison,ｙｏｕ
youｗｏｕｌｄ ｅｘｐｅｃｔ
would ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ
expect ａ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
to find a technologicalｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
specification ｌｉｋｅ ｔｈｉｓ onｏｎ your
like this ｙｏｕｒ
ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ
standardｌａｐｔｏｐ
laptop ｉｎ
in ａｎ
an ｏｆｆｉｃｅ ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅ ｉｎ
office anywhere ｔｈｅ world.
in the ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｎｏ wonder
It's no ｗｏｎｄｅｒ ｔｈａｔ
that ｎｅｗ
new ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ the
applications for ｔｈｅ Internet
ＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔofｏｆThings Ｔｈｉｎｇｓareａｒｅmoving
ｍｏｖｉｎｇ ahead
ａｈｅａｄ fast
ｆａｓｔwhen
ｗｈｅｎ
ａｌｍｏｓｔ
almostｅｖｅｒｙ
everyｎｅｗ
newｄｅｖｉｃｅ
deviceｗｅweｂｕｙbuy
ｈａｓ has
ａ ｐｌｕｇ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ
a plug ｅｎｄ end
on the ｏｆ ｉｔof ｏｒit orａ ｗｉｒｅｌｅｓｓ
a wirelessｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ
connectionｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ．
internet.
Ｓｏｏｎ，
Soon,ｏｕｒ
ourｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
currentｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅ
smartphoneｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅ
lifestyle ｗｉｌｌ ｅｘｐａｎｄ ｔｏ
will expand to ｃｒｅａｔｅ ｏｕｒ own
create our ｏｗｎ ｓｍａｒｔ
smart ｈｏｍｅ
homeｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅ
lifestyle ｔｏｏ．
too.
Ａｌｌ
Allｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓ
researches ａｇｒｅｅ
agree ｔｈａｔ
that ｃｌｏｓｅ ｔｏ 25
close to ２５ billion
ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎdevices,
ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ，ｔｈｉｎｇｓ ａｎｄ sensors
things and ｓｅｎｓｏｒｓwill
ｗｉｌｌbeｂｅconnected
ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ byｂｙ 2020
２０２０
whichｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｌｙ
ｗｈｉｃｈ incidentally ｉｓ
is ａｌｓｏ
also the
ｔｈｅ moment that Ｍｉｌｌｅｎｎｉａｌｓ（千禧一代）
ｍｏｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ Millennials (-t�t-1�) are
ａｒｅexpected
ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄtoｔｏmake
ｍａｋｅ up
ｕｐ 75
７５ percent
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
ｏｆofｏｕｒ
ourｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅ， and
overall workforce, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｆｕｌｌｙconnected
the fully ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ home
ｈｏｍｅ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａaｒｅａｌｉｔｙ
will become ｆｏｒ large
reality for ｌａｒｇｅnumbers
ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ ofｏｆ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ．
worldwide.
Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，
However,ｔｈｉｓ
thisｉｓis ｊｕｓｔ
just ｔｈｅ
the ｔｉｐ
tip ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｏｖｅｒｂｉａｌ
proverbial ｉｃｅｂｅｒｇ
iceberg ａｓ
as ｓｍａｒｔ
smart ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ
buildings ａｎｄ
and ｅｖｅｎ
even ｃｉｔｉｅｓ
cities
ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ the
increasingly become ｔｈｅ norm
ｎｏｒｍ ａｓas ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ ａｎｄ business
leaders and ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ owners
ｏｗｎｅｒｓ begin
ｂｅｇｉｎ toｔｏ wake
ｗａｋｅ up
ｕｐ ｔｏto thｔｈｅe massive
ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ
ｓａｖｉｎｇｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｃａｎ ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ ｓｅｎｓｏｒｓ ａｎｄ ｎｅｗ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｏｆ ａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｏｎ ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ
savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new fo rm s of automation coupled
ｗｉｔｈ
withｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ and
intelligent energy ａｎｄ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ．
facilities management.
Ｏｎｌｉｎｅ
Onlineｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙ
securityｃａｍｅｒａｓ，
cameras,ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ
intelligent ｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ａa wealth
lighting and ｗｅａｌｔｈ ｏｆof sensors
ｓｅｎｓｏｒｓ that
ｔｈａｔcontrol
ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌboth
ｂｏｔｈtemperature
ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ
ａｎｄandａｉｒairｑｕａｌｉｔｙ
quality ａｒｅ
are ｏｆｆｅｒｉｎｇ ａｎ unprecedented
offering an ｕｎｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔｅｄ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ control,
level of ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，efficiency,
ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ，andａｎｄimprovements
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ toｔｏwhat
ｗｈａｔ
ｗｅｒｅ
wereｏｎｃｅ
onceｃｌａｓｓｅｄ
classedｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ
necessary ｃｏｓｔｓ
costs ｗｈｅｎ
whenｒｕｎｎｉｎｇ
runningａ aｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
business ｏｒ
or ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ
managingａ aｌａｒｇｅ
large ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ．
building.
ＷｅWeｃａｎcanｅｘｐｅｃｔ
expectｔｈａｔ
thatｔｈｅ
theｅｖｅｒ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
ever-growingｌｉｓｔ
list ｏｆ
of ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ， ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ and
devices, systems ａｎｄ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ
environments ｒｅｍａｉｎ
remain
ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ，
connected,ａｌｗａｙｓ
alwaysｏｎｌｉｎｅ
onlineａｎｄ
andｔａｌｋｉｎｇ
talkingｔｏtoｅａｃｈ
eachｏｔｈｅｒ．
other. Ｔｈｅ
Theｂｉｇ
bigｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ
benefit ｗｉｌｌ ｎｏｔ only
will not ｏｎｌｙ be
ｂｅ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅhousing
ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ of
ｏｆ
ｔｈｉｓ
thisｅｎｏｒｍｏｕｓ
enormousａｎｄandｒａｐｉｄｌｙ ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
rapidly ａｍｏｕｎｔ
growing ｏｆ ｄａｔａ，
amount ｂｕｔ but
of data, ｗｉｌｌwillａｌｓｏalsoｂｅ beｉｎ inｔｈｅtheａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
ability ｔｏ
to ｒｕｎ
run ｒｅａｌ ｔｉｍｅ data
real time ｄａｔａ
ａｎａｌｙｔｉｃｓ
analytics ｔｏ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔactionable
to extract ａｃｔｉｏｎａｂｌｅandａｎｄongoing
ｏｎｇｏｉｎｇknowledge.
ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ．
Ｔｈｅ
Theｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ
biggestａｎｄ
andｍｏｓｔ
mostｅｘｃｉｔｉｎｇ
excitingｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ
challengeｏｆofｔｈｉｓ
this ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
technology ｉｓis ｈｏｗ
howｔｏtoｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅｌｙ
creatively ｌｅｖｅｒａｇｅ
leverage ｔｈｉｓ
this
i
ｅｖｅｒ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
ever-growingａｍｏｕｎｔ
amountｏｆofｄａｔａdataｔｏtoｄｅｌｉｖｅｒ
deliverｃｏｓｔ
cost ｓａｖｉｎｇｓ，
savings, ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ
improvements ａｎｄandｔａｎｇｉｂｌｅ
tangible ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
benefts toｔｏ both
ｂｏｔｈ
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ
businessesａｎｄ
andｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ
citizensｏｆofｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｓｍａｒｔ
smartｃｉｔｉｅｓ．
cities.
Ｔｈｅ
Theｇｏｏｄ
goodｎｅｗｓ ｉｓ isｔｈａｔthatｍｏｓｔ
news ｏｆ ofｔｈｉｓthisｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
most ｉｓ isａｌｒｅａｄｙ
technology alreadyｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄ．
invented.Ｌｅｔ＇ｓ
Let's ｆａｃｅ
face ｉｔ，
it, itｉｔ wasn't
ｗａｓｎｔ too
ｔｏｏ
ｌｏｎｇ
long ａｇｏ
agoｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅａ ofｏｆworking
the idea ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ from
ｆｒｏｍ anywhere
ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅ ａｎｄ
andａｔ
at ａｎｙｔｉｍｅ
anytime ｗａｓ
wasｓｏｍｅ
someｆｏｒｍ
formｏｆofａ aｄｉｓｔａｎｔ
distant ｕｔｏｐｉａｎ
utopian
（乌托邦式的）ｄｒｅａｍ，
( _g, ;ft.� ;.\ a'-J) dream, ａｎｄ
andｙｅｔ
yet ｎｏｗ
nowｗｅweｃａｎ
canｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ almostａｎｙ
performａｌｍｏｓｔ anyｏｆｆｉｃｅ－ｂａｓｅｄ
office-basedｔａｓｋ
task ｆｒｏｍ
from ａｎｙ
anyｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ
location in
ｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ
worldａｓasｌｏｎｇ
longａｓas ｗｅ
weｈａｖｅ
haveａｃｃｅｓｓ
accessｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ．
internet.
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｉｍｅ ｔｏ
It's time ｗａｋｅeｕｐupｔｏto ｔｈｅ
to wak the ｆａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ making
fact that ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｍａｒｔ
smart ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ，
buildings, ｃｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ homes
cities and ｈｏｍｅｓ ｗｉｌｌ
will ｄｒａｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ
dramatically
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ
improveｏｕｒourｑｕａｌｉｔｙ
qualityｏｆofｌｉｆｅ
life ｉｎ ｔｈｅ years
in the ｙｅａｒｓ ahead.
ａｈｅａｄ．

第
第 １０／１２页
10／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
５１．Ｗｈａｔ
51. Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theｅｘａｍｐｌｅ
exampleｏｆofｉＰｈｏｎｅ
iPhone ６ｓ
6s ｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｏshow?
serve to ｓｈｏｗ？
A)
Ａ）ＴｈｅThe huge
ｈｕｇｅ capacityｏｆofｔｈｅ
ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ the ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅｓ
smartphones people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ now use.
ｎｏｗ ｕｓｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄ
widespreadｕｓｅ
useｏｆofｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅｓ
smartphonesａｌｌ all ｏｖｅｒ
over ｔｈｅ
the world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅ
C)The ｈｕｇｅ ｉｍｐａｃｔ
huge ｏｆ of
impact ｎｅｗnew
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
technologyｏｎ onｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people'sｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙ
everydayｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ
D)The ｒａｐｉｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
rapid technologicalｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ
progressｉｎinａ aｖｅｒｙ
veryｓｈｏｒｔ
short ｐｅｒｉｏｄ
period ｏｆ
of ｔｉｍｅ．
time.

５２．
52. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｃａｎ
canｗｅweｅｘｐｅｃｔ
expectｔｏto ｓｅｅ
see ｂｙ
by ｔｈｅ ｙｅａｒ 2020?
the year ２０２０？
A) Appsｆｏｒforｔｈｅ
Ａ） Ａｐｐｓ theＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ
Internet ｏｆ
of Things.
Ｔｈｉｎｇｓ． Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｅ
emergenceｏｆofＭｉｌｌｅｎｎｉａｌｓ．
Millennials.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
popularization of
ｏｆ smart
ｓｍａｒｔ homes.
ｈｏｍｅｓ． Ｄ）D)Ｔｏｔａｌ
Totalｇｌｏｂａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
globalization ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ．
the world.

５３．Ｗｈａｔ ｗｉｌｌwillｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
53. What businessｏｗｎｅｒｓ
ownersｄｏdoｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙtheyｂｅｃｏｍｅ
when ａｗａｒｅaware
become ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
of the benefitsｏｆofｔｈｅ
the Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ｏｆ Things?
Internet of Ｔｈｉｎｇｓ？
A) Employｆｅｗｅｒ
Ａ） Ｅｍｐｌｏｙ fewerｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
workersｉｎ inｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ．
operations.
Ｂ）B)Ｇａｉｎ
Gainａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃ
automaticｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ
controlｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ．
businesses.
Ｃ）C)Ｉｎｖｅｓｔ
Investｉｎin ｍｏｒｅ
moreｓｍａｒｔ
smartｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ
buildingsａｎｄ andｃｉｔｉｅｓ．
cities.
Ｄ）D)Ｅｍｂｒａｃｅ
Embraceｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒ
whateverｎｅｗ
new technologyｔｈｅｒｅ
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ thereｉｓ．is.

５４．
54. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓis ｔｈｅ
the ｍｏｓｔ
most ｅｘｃｉｔｉｎｇ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅwhen
exciting challenge ｗｈｅｎ weｗｅ possess
ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓ more
ｍｏｒｅ and
ａｎｄ more
ｍｏｒｅ ｄａｔａ？
data?
A) How
Ａ） Ｈｏｗ ｔｏ to turnｉｔ itｔｏtoｐｒｏｆｉｔａｂｌｅ
ｔｕｒｎ profitable use.
ｕｓｅ． Ｃ）C)Ｈｏｗ
Howｔｏ toｌｉｎｋ
linkｔｈｅ
theａｃｔｉｏｎａｂｌｅ
actionable ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ．
systems.
Ｂ）B)Ｈｏｗ
Howｔｏ toｄｏdoｒｅａｌ
realｔｉｍｅ
timeｄａｔａ
data ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ．
analysis. Ｄ）D)ＨｏｗHowｔｏ toｄｅｖｉｓｅ
deviseｎｅｗ
newｗａｙｓ ｔｏ toｓｔｏｒｅ
ways storeｉｔ．
it.

５５．
55. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
the ａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｔｈｉｎｋ ａｂｏｕｔ working
think about ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ from
ｆｒｏｍ anywhere
ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅ ａｎｄ
and ａｔ ａｎｙｔｉｍｅ？
at anytime?
A)
Ａ） ＩｔItｉｓis ｆｅａｓｉｂｌｅ
feasible with
ｗｉｔｈ ａa ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ
connection ｔｏto ｔｈｅ
the ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ．
internet.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｗｉｌｌ
will ｔｈｒｉｖｅ
thrive in
ｉｎ smart buildings, cities
ｓｍａｒｔ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓ， ｃｉｔｉｅｓand
ａｎｄhomes.
ｈｏｍｅｓ．
Ｃ）C)
ＩｔIt ｉｓis ｓｔｉｌｌ
still a ａdistant
ｄｉｓｔａｎｔutopian
ｕｔｏｐｉａｎdream
ｄｒｅａｍ for
ｆｏｒ ordinary
ｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙ workers.
ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｗｉｌｌ
will ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒ
deliver tangible
ｔａｎｇｉｂｌｅ benefits
ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓtoｔｏboth
ｂｏｔｈboss
ｂｏｓｓand
ａｎｄ worker.
ｗｏｒｋｅｒ．

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ
Part IV Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions Ｆｏｒ
: Forｔｈｉｓ
thisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
part, youａｒｅ
areａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed３０30
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ｔｏtoｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ
minutes translate ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
passage from Chinese ｉｎｔｏ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．
into English.
Ｙｏｕ
You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅyour
should write ｙｏｕｒanswer
ａｎｓｗｅｒonｏｎAnswer
ＡｎＳｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2.
２．

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每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。

第第 １１／１２页
11／12页
淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
(30 minutes)
(ilTiE�7f��*'J,a.t l*J �,61�$:St , z��iafTPfi1J �iit)
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓthisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : For ａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
part, you allowed３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutesｔｏtoｗｒｉｔｅ
write ａｎ
an ｅｓｓａｙ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｏｎon ｔｈｅ
essay commenting ｓａｙｉｎｇ
the saying
＂Ｓｅｅｋ
" Seekｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ ｏｔｈｅｒｓ，ａｎｄ
to understand ｙｏｕyou
others, and ｗｉｌｌ
willｂｅbeｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ．＂Ｙｏｕ ｃａｎcan
understood. " You ｃｉｔｅ
citeｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ
examples ｔｏ
to
ｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ ｙｏｕｒviews.
illustrate your ｖｉｅｗｓ．YouＹｏｕshould
ｓｈｏｕｌｄwrite
ｗｒｉｅatａｔleast
ｌｅａｓｔ150１５０ｗｏｒｄｓ ｂｕｔnoｎｏmore
words but ｍｏｒｅthan
ｔｈａｎ200
２００ｗｏｒｄｓ．
words.

第
第 １２／１２页
12／12页
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室