2018年6月大学英语六级考试试题第1套

２０１８年６月大学英语六级考试试题第１套

Ｐａｒｔ
Part ＩＩ
II Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: Inｔｈｉｓ
thi,sｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
section, youｗｉｌｌｈｅａｒ
will hearｔｏ ｌｏｎｇ
two longｃｏｎｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｔ
conversations. Atｔｈｅ
theｅｎｄ
endｏｆof ｅａｃｈ
each ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ，
conversation,
ｙｏｕ
youｗｉｌｌ
will ｈｅａｒ
hear ｆｏｕｒ
four ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ
questions. Both the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ
conversation and the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ
ｏｎｌｙ
onlyｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ
once. After ｙｏｕ
you ｈｅａｒ
hear ａa ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
question, youｍｕｓｔ
mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
chooseｔｈｅ
theｂｅｓｔ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒ
answer ｆｒｏｍ
from ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ
four
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ A)Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
choices marked Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
, B) , C) and ｍａｒｋmark
D) . Then ｔｈｅtheｃｏｒｒｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter onｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet１ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with a si kｌｉｎｅ
lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
ng throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Questions１ 1ｔｏto ４4 ａｒｅ

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation you have ｊｕｓｔ
ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

１．1.Ａ）A)ＩｔItｉｓis ａa ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｓａｌａｄ．

typical salad. Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｉｓis ａa weir
ｗｅｉｒｄd ｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅ．
vegetable.
Ｂ） Ｉｔ ｉｓ ａ Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ soup.
B) It is a Spanish ｓｏｕｐ． Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｉｓis ａa ｋｉｎｄ
kind ｏｆ
of ｓｐｉｃｙ ｆｏｏｄ．
spicy food.

２．2.Ａ）A)ＴｏToｍａｋｅ
makeｉｔitｔｈｉｃｋｅｒ．
thicker. Ｃ）C)ＴｏToａｄｄaddｔｏtoｉｔｓits ａｐｐｅａｌ．
appeal.
Ｂ）B)ＴｏToｍａｋｅ
makeｉｔitｍｏｒｅ
moreｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｕｓ．
nutritious. Ｄ）D)ＴｏToｒｅｐｌａｃｅ
replaceａｎanｉｎｇｒｅｄｉｅｎｔ．
ingredient.

３．3.Ａ）A)ＩｔItｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
containsｖｅｒｙ
veryｌｉｔｌｅ
little ｆａｔ．
fat. Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｕｓｅｓ
usesｎｏnoａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌ
artificial ａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｓ．
additives.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｕｓｅｓ
uses ｏｌｉｖｅ
olive ｏｉｌ ｉｎ cooking.
oil in ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ． Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｉｓis mainly
ｍａｉｎｌｙ ｍａｄｅ
madeｏｆofｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｓ．
vegetables.

４．Ａ）
4. A)ＩｔItｄｏｅｓ
doesｎｏｔ
notｇｏgoｓｔａｌｅ
stale ｆｏｒ
for ｔｗｏ
two ｙｅａｒｓ．
years. Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｃｏｍｅｓ
comesｆｒｏｍ
fromａ aｓｐｅｃｉａｌ
special ｋｉｎｄ
kind ｏｆ
of ｐｉｇ．
pig.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｔａｋｅｓ
takes ｎｏnoｓｐｅｃｉａｌ
specialｓｋｉｌｌ
skill to
ｔｏ prepare.
ｐｒｅｐａｒｅ． Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｉｓis ａa ｄｅｌｉｃａｃｙ ｂｌｅｎｄｅｄ with
delicacy blended ｗｉｔｈ bread.
ｂｒｅａｄ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５5ｔｏ８
to 8ａｒｅ
areｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

５．Ａ）
5. A)Ｔｈｅｙ ｃｏｍｅ
They ｉｎ inａ ｇｒｅａｔ
come a greatｖａｒｉｅｔｙ．
variety. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｏdoｎｏｔ
notｖａｒｙ
varyｍｕｃｈ
muchｉｎinｐｒｉｃｅ．
price.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｏdoｎｏｔ
notｍａｋｅ
makeｄｅｃｅｎｔ
decentｇｉｆｔｓ．
gifts. Ｄ） Ｔｈｅｙ ｇｏ ｗｅｌｌ ｗｉｔｈ Ｉｔａｌｉａｎ ｆｏｏｄ．
D) They go well with Italian food.

６．Ａ）
6. A) ￥３０－￥４０．
$ 30- $ 40. Ｂ）B) ￥４０－￥５０．
$ 40- $ 50. Ｃ）C)￥ $５０－￥
50- $ ６０．
60. Ｄ）D) Ａｒｏｕｎｄ
Around ￥１５０．
$ 150.

７．7. Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ
A) They ａｒｅareａ ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ
a healthyｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｆｏｒ
forｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ
elderly ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
people.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅareｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
especially ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ
popular ａｍｏｎｇ
amongＩｔａｌｉａｎｓ．
Italians.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｙｍｂｏｌｉｚｅ
symbolizeｇｏｏｄ
goodｈｅａｌｔｈ
healthａｎｄ
andｌｏｎｇｅｖｉｔｙ．
longevity.
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｇｏ go
D) They ｗｅｌｌwell
ｗｉｔｈ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
with differentｋｉｎｄｓ
kinds ｏｆ
of ｆｏｏｄ．
food.

8. A) Itｉｓisａ aｗｉｎｅ
８．Ａ）Ｉｔ wineｉｍｐｏｒｔｅｄ
importedｆｒｏｍ
fromＣａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ．
California.
B) Itｉｓisｌｅｓｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ less ｓｐｉｃｙ
spicy ｔｈａｎ
than ａｌｌ
all other
ｏｔｈｅｒ red
ｒｅｄ wines.
ｗｉｎｅｓ．
C) It is far more expensive than he expected.
Ｃ） Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｆａｒ ｍｏｒｅ ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｔｈａｎ ｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ．
D) ItｉｓisＩｔａｌｙ＇ｓ
Ｄ）Ｉｔ Italy's most
ｍｏｓｔ famous type ｏｆ
ｆａｍｏｕｓ ｔｙｐｅ of ｒｅｄ
red wine.
ｗｉｎｅ．

第
第 １／１２页
1／12页 淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions : Inｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ
this section, you will hearｔｗｏ
twoｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ．Ａｔ
passages. Atｔｈｅ
theｅｎｄ
end ｏｆ
of ｅａｃｈ
each ｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｙｏｕ
passage, youｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ
will hear
ｔｈｅｅ
threeｏｒorｆｏｕｒ
four ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ
questions. Both the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌｂｅbe ｓｐｏｋｅｎ
questions will spoken ｏｎｌｙ
only ｏｎｃｅ．
once.
Ａｆｅｒ
Afterｙｏｕ
youｈｅａｒ
hearａ aｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
question, youｍｕｓｔ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
must chooseｔｈｅtheｂｅｓｔ
bestａｎｓｗｅｒ
answerｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ theｆｏｕｒ
four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices
ｍａｒｋｅｄ A) , B) , C) Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
marked Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ ｍａｒｋ mark
and D) . Then ｔｈｅ the
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter onｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ
１ 1ｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions９9 ｔｏ
to １１
11 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
p�ge youｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

９．9.Ａ）A)Ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
Learningｏｔｈｅｒｓ＇ｓｅｃｒｅｔｓ．
others' secrets. Ｃ）C)Ｄｅｃｏｄｉｎｇ
Decodingｓｅｃｒｅｔ
secret ｍｅｓｓａｇｅｓ．
messages.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｇ
Searchingｆｏｒ
for ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．
information. Ｄ）D)Ｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Spreadingｓｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｎｅｗｓ．
sensational news.

１０．Ａ）
10. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helpedｔｈｅ
the Ｕ．Ｓ．ａｒｍｙ
U.S. armyｉｎin Ｗｏｒｌｄ
World Ｗａｒ
WarＩＩ．
II.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｗｒｉｔｅ
write ｄｏｗｎ
down ｓｐｏｋｅｎ
spoken ｃｏｄｅｓ
codes ｐｒｏｍｐｔｌｙ．
promptly.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄ
assigned ｔｏ
to decode
ｄｅｃｏｄｅ enemy messages.
ｅｎｅｍｙ ｍｅｓｓａｇｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｇｏｏｄ
goodａｔatｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇ
breaking ｅｎｅｍｙ
enemyｓｅｃｒｅｔ
secret ｃｏｄｅｓ．
codes.

１１．
11. Ａ）
A)Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
Importantｂｔｔｌｅｓ
battlesｆｏｕｇｈｔ
foughtｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃ Ｗａｒ．
Pacific War.
Ｂ）B)Ｄｅｃｏｄｉｎｇ
Decodingｏｆofｓｅｃｒｅｔ
secret ｍｅｓｓａｇｅｓ
messages ｉｎ
in ｗａｒ
war ｔｉｍｅｓ．
times.
Ｃ）C)Ａ Aｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
military ｃｏｄｅ
code ｔｈａｔ
that was never broken.
ｗａｓ ｎｅｖｅｒ ｂｒｏｋｅｎ．
Ｄ）D)Ｎａｖａｊｏ
NavajoＩｎｄｉａｎｓ＇
Indians'ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ
contribution ｔｏ ｃｏｄｅ breaking.
to code ｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇ．

Questions１２12ｔｏ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ to １５
15 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
p�ge you have ｊｕｓｔ
ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

１２．
12. Ａ）A)Ａｌｌ
Allｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ
services ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｚｅｄ．
will be personalized.
Ｂ）B)Ａ Aｌｏｔlotｏｆofｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ－ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ
knowledge-intensiveｊｏｂｓ
jobsｗｉｌｌ
will ｂｅ
be ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ．
replaced.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
Technology will
ｗｉｌｌ revolutionizeａｌｌallｓｅｃｔｏｒｓ
ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｚｅ sectors ｏｆ
of ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．
industry.
Ｄ）D)Ｍｏｒｅ
More informationｗｉｌｌ
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ willｂｅ
beａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ．
available.

１３．
13. Ａ）A)ＩｎInｔｈｅ
theｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ
robotics ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．
industry. Ｃ）C)ＩｎInｔｈｅ
theｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
personal ｃａｒｅ
care ｓｅｃｔｏｒ．
sector.
Ｂ）B)ＩｎInｔｈｅ
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ．
service. Ｄ） Ｉｎ ｈｉｇｈ－ｅｎｄ ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ．
D) In high-end manufacturing.

１４．Ａ）
14. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃｈａｒｇｅ
chargeｈｉｇｈ
highｐｒｉｃｅｓ．
prices. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｔｅｒ
caterｔｏto ｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｅｄｓ
needs ｏｆ ｙｏｕｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
of young people.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｎｅｅｄ ｌｏｔｓ
need lotsｏｆofｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ．
training. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｆｏｃｕｓ
focusｏｎonｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓ＇ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
customers' specific ｎｅｅｄｓ．
needs.

15. Ａ）Ｔｈｅ
１５． A) The risingｄｅｍａｎｄ
ｒｉｓｉｎｇ demandｉｎ inｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
educationａｎｄandｈｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅ
healthcareｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｘｔ
next ２０
20 ｙｅａｒｓ．
years.
B) The
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅ disruptionｃａｕｓｅｄ
ｄｉｓｒｕｐｔｉｏｎ caused
ｂｙ by technology
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｉｎ in traditionally ｗｅｌｌ－ｐａｉｄ
ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ well-paid ｊｏｂｓ．
jobs.
C) The
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅ tremendous
ｔｒｅｍｅｎｄｏｕｓ changes
ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｎｅｗnew technology
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｗｉｌｌwill bring
ｂｒｉｎｇ ｔｏ toｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people'sｌｉｖｅｓ．
lives.
D) The
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ amazing
ａｍａｚｉｎｇ amount
ａｍｏｕｎｔ of personal
ｏｆ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ attentionｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ peopleｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｌｉｋｅ
like ｔｏ
to have.
ｈａｖｅ．

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第第 ２／１２页
2／12页
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : In ｗｉｌwillｈｅａｒhearｔｈｒｅｅthreeｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ
thi.s section, you recordi sｏｆofｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓ
ng lectures orｏｒtalks
ｔａｌｋｓｆｏｏｗｅｄ
followed ｂｙ
by ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒｆｏｕｒ
three or four
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｐｌａｙｅｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ
questions. The recordings will lJe played only once. iifter you hear a question, you must
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
choose ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔanswer
the best ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ
from theｔｈｅｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
four choices A) , B)
ｍａｒｋｅｄ
marked , C) and D).
Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
Then ｍａｒｋ
mark ｔｈｅ
the
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
co"esponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter onｏｎAns1111er
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with ｌｉｎｅ
a single lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏto １８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

１６．Ａ）
16. A)ＩｔItｗａｓ
wasｔｈｅ
theｌｏｎｇｅｓｔ
longest ｒｏａｄ
road ｉｎ
in ａｎｃｉｅｎｔ Ｅｇｙｐｔ．
ancient Egypt. Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｌａｙ
lay ８8 ｍｉｌｅｓ
miles ｆｒｏｍ
from ｔｈｅ
the monument sites.
ｍｏｎｕｍｅｎｔ ｓｉｔｅｓ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｗａｓ
was ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄ
constructed some 500 ｙｅａｒｓ
ｓｏｍｅ ５００ years ago.
ａｇｏ． Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｌｉｎｋｅｄ
linked ａa ｓｔｏｎｅ
stone pit
ｐｉｔ toｔｏsome
ｓｏｍｅ waterways.
ｗａｔｅｒｗａｙｓ．

17. A)Ｓａｗｓ
１７．Ａ） Saws used
ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒforｃｕｔｔｉｎｇ
cutting ｓｔｏｎｅ．
stone. Ｃ）C)ＡｎAnａｎｃｉｅｎｔ
ancient ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ
geographical map.
ｍａｐ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｒａｃｅｓ
Tracesｌｅｆｔ
left ｂｙ
by ｅａｒｌｙ
early ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒｓ．
explorers. Ｄ）D)Ｓｏｍｅ
Someｓｔｏｎｅ
stoneｔｏｏｌ
tool ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓ．
segments.

１８．Ａ）
18. A)ＴｏToｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ
transportｓｔｏｎｅｓ
stones ｔｏ
to ｂｌｏｃｋ
block ｆｌｏｏｄｓ．
floods. Ｃ）C)ＴｏToｌｉｎｋ
linkｔｈｅ
the ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｍｏｎｕｍｅｎｔ ｓｉｔｅｓ．
various monument sites.
Ｂ）B)ＴｏToｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ v
provideｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ
sericesｆｏｒforｔｈｅ
theｓｔｏｎｅ
stone ｐｉｔ．
pit. Ｄ）D)ＴｏToｃｏｎｎｅｃｔ
connectｔｈｅtheｖｉｌｌａｇｅｓ
villages ａｌｏｎｇ
along ｔｈｅ
the Ｎｉｌｅ．
Nile.

Questions１９19ｔｏ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ to ２１
21 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

１９．
19. Ａ）
A)Ｄｒ．
Dr. Ｇｏｎｇ
Gongｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ
didn'tｇｉｖｅ
give ｈｉｍ
himａｎｙ
anyｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ
conventionalｔｅｓｔｓ．
tests.
B) Dr.Ｇｏｎｇ
Ｂ）Ｄｒ． Gong marked
ｍａｒｋｅｄ ｈｉｓhis officeｗｉｔｈ
ｏｆｆｉｃｅ withａ aｈａｎｄ－ｐａｉｎｔｅｄ
hand-painted ｓｉｇｎ．
sign.
Ｃ）C)Ｄｒ．
Dr.Ｇｏｎｇ
Gong didn'tａｓｋ
ｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ askｈｉｍ
himａｎｙ
anyｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questionsａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｈｉｓ
his ｐａｉｎ．
pain.
Ｄ）D)Ｄｒ．
Dr.Ｇｏｎｇ
Gongｓｌｉｐｐｅｄ
slippedｉｎinｎｅｅｄｌｅｓ
needles ｗｈｅｒｅ
whereｈｅheｆｅｌｔ
felt no pain.
ｎｏ ｐａｉｎ．

２０．Ａ）
20. A)ＨｅHeｈａｄhadｈｅａｒｄ
heardｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｎｄｅｒｓ
wonders ａｃｕｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅ
acupuncture ｃｏｕｌｄ ｗｏｒｋ．
could work.
B) Dr.Ｇｏｎｇ
Ｂ）Ｄｒ． Gongｗａｓwasｖｅｒｙveryｆａｍｏｕｓ
famousｉｎin Ｎｅｗ
NewＹｏｒｋ＇ｓ
York's Ｃｈｉｎａｔｏｗｎ．
Chinatown.
Ｃ）C)Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ
Previousｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medicalｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ
treatmentsｆａｉｌｅｄ
failedｔｏtoｒｅｌｉｅｖｅ
relieve ｈｉｓ
his ｐａｉｎ．
pain.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｈｅtheｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ
expensiveｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medicalｔｅｓｔｓ
tests ｕｎａｆｆｏｒｄａｂｌｅ．
unaffordable.

２１．
21. Ａ）
A)Ｍｏｒｅ
Moreａｎｄandｍｏｒｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
more patientsａｓｋ
askｆｏｒ
forｔｈｅ
the ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ．
treatment.
Ｂ）B)Ａｃｕｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅ
Acupunctureｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ
techniquesｈａｖｅ
haveｂｅｅｎ
beenｐｅｒｆｅｃｔｅｄ．
perfected.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ
doesn't ｎｅｅｄ
need ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ
conventional ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medicalｔｅｓｔｓ．
tests.
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｄｏｅｓ
does ｎｏｔ
not ｈａｖｅ
haveａｎｙ
anyｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ
negativeｓｉｄｅ
sideｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ．
effects.

Questions２２
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 22 ｔｏ
to ２５
25 ａｒｅ
are based
ｂａｓｅｄ on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ recording
ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ you
ｙｏｕ have just heard.
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．

２２．
22. Ａ）
A) Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｖｅｒｇｅ
verge ｏｆ
of ｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇ ｕｐ．
breaking up.
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ were
ｗｅｒｅ compatible
ｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｌｅ despiteｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ．
ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ differences.
C) They
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅｙ quarreledａ aｌｏｔlotａｎｄ
ｑｕａｒｒｅｌｅｄ andｎｅｖｅｒ
neverｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｄ
resolved ｔｈｅｉｒ
their arguments.
ａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔｓ．
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｇｕｅｄ
D) They ｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｌｙ
argued persistentlyａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｔｏto ｈａｖｅ
haveｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．
children.

第
第 ３／１２页
3／12页
２３．
23. Ａ）A)Ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ
Neitherｏｆofｔｈｅｍ
themｈａｓ
hasａｎｙ
anyｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｓ
brothersｏｒorｓｉｓｔｅｒｓ．
sisters.
Ｂ）B)Ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ
Neitherｏｆofｔｈｅｍ
themｗｏｎ
won theirｐａｒｅｎｔｓ＇
ｔｈｅｉｒ parents' ｆａｖｏｒ．
favor.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅｎ＇ｔ
weren'tｓｐｏｉｌｅｄ
spoiledｉｎin ｔｈｅｉｒ
their childhood.
ｃｈｉｌｄｈｏｏｄ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ
didn'tｌｉｋｅ
likeｔｏto ｂｅ
beｔｈｅ
the ａｐｐｌｅ
apple ｏｆ
ofｔｈｅｉｒ ｐａｒｅｎｔｓ＇ｅｙｅｓ．
their par ents' eyes.

２４．
24. Ａ）
A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｕｓｕａｌｌｙ
usually ｇｏｏｄ
goodａｔat ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ．
friends.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoｂｅbeａｄｖｅｎｔｕｒｏｕｓ
adventurousａｎｄ
andｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ．
creative.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ
content ｗｉｔｈ
with ｗｈａｔ
what ｔｈｅｙ
they ｈａｖｅ．
have.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoｂｅbeｓｅｌｆ－ａｓｓｕｒｅｄ
self-assured ａｎｄ
and ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ．
responsible.

２５．
25. Ａ）
A) Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｅｎｊｏｙ
enjoy ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ．
friends. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅare leastｌｉｋｅｌｙ
ｌｅａｓｔ likelyｔｏtoｔａｋｅ
takeｉｎｉｔｉａｔｉｖｅ．
initiative.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoｂｅbeｗｅｌｌ
well ａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄ．
adjusted. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｕｓｕａｌｌｙ
usuallyｈａｖｅ
haveｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ
successful ｍａｒｒｉａｇｅｓ．
marriages.

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ
Part III Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Reading Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Comprehension (40 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
（４０ minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: In ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｒｅ
section, there ｉｓａｐａｓｓａｇｅｗｉｔｈ
is a passage withｔｅｎtenｂｌａｎｋｓ．
blanks.Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅareｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
You requiredｔｏto ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ word
select one ｗｏｒｄ
ｆｏｒforｅａｃｈ
eachｂｌａｎｋ
blankｆｒｏｍ
fromａｌｉｓｔ
a list ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ given
of choices ｇｉｖｅｎinｉｎa ａword
ｗｏｒｄbank
ｂａｎｋfollowing
ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇtheｔｈｅpassage.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．Ｒｅａｄ
Read
ｔｈｅtheｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
carefully ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ
before making your ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choices. Each choice ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓis
the bank
ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ ｂｙ aａ letter.
ukntified by ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋ the
Please mark ｔｈｅ corresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter
ｌｅｔｔｅｒfor ｆｏｒ
eachｅａｃｈ
itemｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
on Answer
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet２ ｗｉｔｈ ａｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with a si ｌｉｎｅ
le lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
ng throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ
centre. Youｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔnotｕｓｅuseａｎｙanyｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｄｓ
words ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｂａｎｈ
bankｍｏｒｅ
moreｔｈａｎ
than ｏｎｃｅ．
once.

Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇ
Scientists sca n
ａｎｄ mapping
ning and ｍａｐｐｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
the Ｇｉｚａ
Giza ｐｙｒａｍｉｄｓ
pyramidsｓａｙ
say ｔｈｅｙ＇ｖｅ
they've ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
discovered ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ Ｇｒｅａｔ
the Great
Ｐｙｒａｍｉｄ
PyramidｏｆofＧｉｚａ
Gizaｉｓisｎｏｔ
notｅｘａｃｔｌｙ
exactly ｅｖｅｎ．Ｂｕｔ
even. Butｒｅａｌｌｙ
really ｎｏｔ
not ｂｙ
by ｍｕｃｈ．Ｔｈｉｓ
much. Thisｐｙｒａｍｉｄ ｉｓ isｔｈｅtheｏｌｄｅｓｔ
pyramid oldest ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ＇ｓ
the world's
Ｓｅｖｅｎ
SevenＷｏｎｄｅｒｓ．Ｔｈｅ
Wonders. Theｐｙｒａｍｉｄ＇ｓ
pyramid'sｅｘａｃｔ
exact ｓｉｚｅ ｈａｓ ２６26ｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ
size has ｆｏｒfｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓ，
experts o
ａｓ the
r centuries, as ｔｈｅ＂ｍｏｒｅ
"more ｔｈａｎ
than 21２１
ａｃｒｅｓ
acres ｏｆ
of ｈａｒｄ， ｗｈｉｔｅ casing
hard, white ｃａｓｉｎｇstones"
ｓｔｏｎｅｓ＂ｔｈａｔ ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ
that originally ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
covered ｉｔ ｗｅｒｅ
it were ２７ ｌｏｎｇ
_JJ__ long ａｇｏ．Ｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ
ago. Reporting ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the
ｍｏｓｔ
most ｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｉｓｓｕｅof ｏｆthe ｔｈｅ
recent issue ｎｅｗｓｌｅｔｔｅｒ＂ＡＥＲＡＧＲＡＭ，＂ｗｈｉｃｈ
newsletter "AERAGRAM," which ２８28ｔｈｅthe
ｗｏｒｋworkｏｆofｔｈｅtheＡｎｃｉｅｎｔ Ｅｇｙｐｔ
Ancient Egypt
Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
ResearchＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓ，
Associates, ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ Ｇｌｅｎ Dash
engineer Glen Ｄａｓｈ ｓａｙｓ
says ｈｉｓ ｔｅａｍ used
his team ｕｓｅｄ aａ new
ｎｅｗ ｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇ
measuring ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ
approach ｔｈａｔ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ
that involved
ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
finding ａｎｙ
any ｓｕｒｖｉｖｉｎｇ
surviving ２９29ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｓｉｎｇ
of the ｉｎ inｏｒｄｅｒ
casing orderｔｏtoｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ
determine ｗｈｅｒｅ
where ｔｈｅ ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌedge
the original ｅｄｇｅwas.
ｗａｓ．Ｔｈｅｙ
They
ｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｈｅ
the ｅａｓｔ ｓｉｄｅ ofｏｆ the
east side ｔｈｅpyramid
ｐｙｒａｍｉｄ toｔｏbeｂｅa ａ_lQ__
３０ ｏｆ ５．５ ｉｎｃｈｅｓ
of 5.5 ｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ
inches shorterｔｈａｎ
thanｔｈｅ
the ｗｅｓｔ
west ｓｉｄｅ．
side.
Ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｍｏｓｔ ３１ ｈｉｍ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ， ｉｓｎｔ ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅ Ｅｇｙｐｔｉａｎｓ ｗｈｏ ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ ａｎｄ ｂｕｉｌｔ ｔｈｅ
The question that most _3_1 _ him, however, isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the
ｐｙｒａｍｉｄ ｇｏｔ
pyramid gotｉｔ ｗｒｏｎｇ ４，５００
it wrong 4, 500 ｙｅａｒｓ ａｇｏ，ｂｕｔ
years ago, ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅｙ
but how ｇｏｔ itｉｔsoｓｏclose
they got ｃｌｏｓｅ ｔｏ ３２ ．＂Ｗｅ
to ___1L. "Weｃａｎ
canｏｎｌｙ
only ｓｐｅｃｕｌａｔｅ
speculate
ａｓasｔｏto ｈｏｗ
howｔｈｅ
the Ｅｇｙｐｔｉａｎｓ
Egyptians ｃｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ lai
could have ｌａｉｄ ｏｕｔthese
d out ｔｈｅｓｅlines
ｌｉｎｅｓ
withｗｉｔｈsuchｓｕｃｈ 33
３３ ｕｓｉｎｇ
usingｏｎｌｙ
onlyｔｈｅ
theｔｏｏｌｓ
tools ｔｈｅｙ
they
ｈａｄ，＂Ｄａｓｈ ｗｒｉｔｅｓ． Ｈｅ ｓａｙｓ ｈｉｓ ３４ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ Ｅｇｙｐｔｉａｎｓ ｌａｉｄ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｏｎ ａ ｇｒｉｄ， ｎｏｔｉｎｇ ｔｈａｔ
had," Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that
ｔｈｅ
theｇｒｅａｔ
great ｐｙｒａｍｉｄ
pyramid ｉｓ ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄonly
is oriented ｏｎｌｙ ３５35ａｗａｙaway
ｆｒｏｍfrom
ｔｈｅ ｃａｒｄｉｎａｌ
the cardinal ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ（ｉｔｓ
directions (itsｎｏｒｔｈ－ｓｏｕｔｈ
north-south ａｘｉｓ
axis ｒｕｎｓ
runs 3３
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ５４ ｓｅｃｏｎｄｓ ｗｅｓｔ ｏｆ ｄｕｅ ｎｏｒｔｈ， ｗｈｉｌｅ ｉｔｓ ｅａｓｔ－ｗｅｓｔ ａｘｉｓ ｒｕｎｓ ３ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ５１ ｓｅｃｏｎｄｓ ｎｏｒｔｈ ｏｆ ｄｕｅ
minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due
east) -ａｎanａｍｏｕｎｔ
ｅａｓｔ）— amount that's "tiny,ｂｕｔ
ｔｈａｔ＇ｓ＂ｔｉｎｙ， butｓｉｍｉｌａｒ，＂ａｒｃｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
similar," archeologist Ａｔｌａｓ
Atlas Obscura points out.
Ｏｂｓｃｕｒａ ｐｏｉｎｔｓ ｏｕｔ．

第４／ １２页
第 4／12页
 Ａ）A)ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｌｅｓ
chronicles Ｉ）I) ｐｒｆｃｔ
perfect
Ｂ）B)ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ
complete ） J)ｐｒｅｉｓｉｏｎ
precision
Ｃ）C)ｅｓｔａｂｌｓｈｅｄ
established Ｋ）K) ｐｚｚｌｅｄ
puzzled
Ｄ）D)ｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｅｓ
fascinates Ｌ） ｒｅｍｍａｎｔｓ
L) remnants
Ｅ）E) ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｉｓ
hypothesis Ｍ）M)ｒｅｍｏｖｅｄ
removed
Ｆ）F) ｍａｘｉｍｕｒｍ
maximum Ｎ）N)ｒｅｖｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ
revelations
Ｇ）G) ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ
momentum Ｏ）0)ｓｉｇｈｔｌｙ
slightly
Ｈ）ｍｙｓｔｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ
H) mysteriously

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: Inｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
section, youａｒｅ
areｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｒｅａｄ
readａaｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｅｎ
ten ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｔａｃｈｅｄ ｔｏto it.ｉ．
statements attached
Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
statementｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
infonnation ｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｎ
in ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
paragraphs. Identify ｔｈｅ
the
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｆｒｏｍ
fromｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｔｈｅ information is
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ derived.
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ choose
You may ｃｈｏｏｓｅ aａ paragraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ more
ｍｏｒｅ
ｔｈａｎ
thanｏｎｃｅ．Ｅａｃｈ
once. Eachｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｉｓ isｍａｒｋｅｄ
paragraph ｗｉｔｈ
marked withａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．
a letter. Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answer ｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ marking
questions by ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
corresponding letter on ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2.２．
Ｐｅｅｒ
PeerＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ
PressureＨａｓ
Hasａ aＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ Ｓｉｄｅ
Positive Side

［Ａ］[A]Ｐａｒｅｎｔｓ
Parentsｏｆofｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ
teenagers ｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｖｉｅｗ
view ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ＇ｓfriends
their children's ｆｒｉｅｎｄｓwith
ｗｉｔｈsomething
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇlike
ｌｉｋｅsuspicion.
ｓｕｓｐｉｃｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｙ ｗｏｒｒｙ
They worry
ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔ
adolescent ｐｅｅｒ
peer ｇｒｏｕｐ
group ｈａｓhas ｔｈｅthe ｐｏｗｅｒ
powerｔｏtoｐｕｓｈ
pushｉｔｓits ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ
membersｉｎｔｏ intoｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ
behaviorｔｈａｔ
that ｉｓ
is ｆｏｏｌｉｓｈ ａｎｄ
foolish and
ｅｖｅｎ
evenｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ．
dangerus.Ｓｕｃｈ
o
Suchｗａｒｉｎｅｓｓ
warinessｉｓ isｗｅｌｌwellｆｏｕｎｄｅｄ：
founded:ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ
statistics ｓｈｏｗ，
show,ｆｏｒ for ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，
example,ｔｈａｔ
that ａa ｔｅｅｎａｇｅ
teenage ｄｒｉｖｅｒ
driver
ｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｓａｍｅ－ａｇｅ
same-age ｐａｓｓｅｎｇｅｒ
passengerｉｎ inｔｈｅtheｃａｒcarｉｓ isａｔatｈｉｇｈｅｒ
higherｒｉｓｋ
risk ｏｆofａa ｆａｔａｌ ｃｒａｓｈ than
fatal crash ｔｈａｎ an
ａｎ adolescent
ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔ driving
ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ
ａｌｏｎｅ
aloneｏｒor ｗｉｔｈ
with ａｎ
an ａｄｕｌｔ．
adult.

［Ｂ］
[B ]ＩｎInａ a２００５
2005ｓｔｕｄｙ，
study,ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
psychologist Ｌａｕｒｅｎｃｅ
Laurence Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ
Steinberg ｏｆ
of Ｔｅｍｐｌｅ
TempleＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University ａｎｄ
andｈｉｓ
his ｃｏ－ａｕｔｈｏｒ，
co-author,
ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
psychologist Ｍａｒｇｏ
MargoＧａｒｄｎｅｒ，
Gardner, ｔｈｅｎ
then ａｔ Ｔｅｍｐｌｅ，ｄｉｖｉｄｅｄ
at Temple, divided ３０６
306 ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｉｎｔｏ
into ｔｈｒｅｅ ａｇｅ groups:
three age ｇｒｏｕｐｓ： young
ｙｏｕｎｇ
ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ，
adolescents, ｗｉｔｈ
with ａa ｍｅａｎ
meanａｇｅ
ageｏｆof１４；
14;ｏｌｄｅｒ
older ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ， ｗｉｔｈ aａ mean
adolescents, with ｍｅａｎ ａｇｅ
age ｏｆ
of １９；
19; ａｎｄ
and ａｄｕｌｔｓ， ａｇｅｄ 24２４
adults, aged
ａｎｄ
andｏｌｄｅｒ．
older. Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ ｐｌａｙｅｄ aａ computerized
Subjects played ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｇａｍｅ ｉｎin which
driving game ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ
the ｐｌａｙｅｒ ｍｕｓｔ avoid
player must ａｖｏｉｄ crashing
ｃｒａｓｈｉｎｇ
ｉｎｔｏ
into ａa ｗａｌｌ
wall ｔｈａｔ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｚｅｓ，without
that materializes, ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔwarning,
ｗａｒｎｉｎｇ，onｏｎtheｔｈｅroadway.
ｒｏａｄｗａｙ．Steinberg
ＳｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇandａｎｄGardner
Ｇａｒｄｎｅｒrandomly
ｒａｎｄｏｍｌｙ
ａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄ
assignedｓｏｍｅ
someｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants ｔｏ ｐｌａｙ alone
to play ａｌｏｎｅ orｏｒ with
ｗｉｔｈ twｔｗｏo same-age
ｓａｍｅ－ａｇｅ ｐｅｅｒｓ ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ on.
peers looking ｏｎ．

［Ｃ］
[C]Ｏｌｄｅｒ
Olderａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ
adolescents ｓｃｏｒｅｄ
scored ａｂｏｕｔ
about ５０50 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percent ｈｉｇｈｅｒ
higher ｏｎ
on ａｎ
an ｉｎｄｅｘ
index ｏｆofｒｉｓｋｙ
risky ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ
driving when their ｐｅｅｒｓ
peers
ｗｅｒｅ
wereｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｒｏｏｍ—ａｎｄ
room-and ｔｈｅtheｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ
drivingｏｆofｅａｒｌｙ
earlyａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ
adolescents ｗａｓ
wasｆｕｌｌｙ
fully ｔｗｉｃｅ
twice ａｓ ｒｅｃｋｌｅｓｓ when
as reckless ｗｈｅｎ ｏｔｈｅｒ
other
ｙｏｕｎｇ
youngｔｅｅｎｓ
teensｗｅｒｅ
wereａｒｏｕｎｄ．Ｉｎ
around. In ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ，
contrast,ａｄｕｌｔｓ
adults ｂｅｈａｖｅｄ
behavedｉｎin ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｗａｙｓ ｒｅｇａｒｄｌｅｓｓ
similar ways ｏｆ whether
regardless of ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ they
ｔｈｅｙ
ｗｅｒｅ
wereｏｎonｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｏｗｎ
ownｏｒor ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ
observed ｂｙ
by ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．＂Ｔｈｅ
others. "Theｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
presenceｏｆofｐｅｅｒｓ
peers ｍａｋｅｓ
makesａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｙｏｕｔｈ，
adolescents and youth,
ｂｕｔ
butｎｏｔ
notａｄｕｌｔｓ， ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ
adults, more ｔｏ take
likely to ｔａｋｅrisks,"
ｒｉｓｋｓ，＂Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ ａｎｄGardner
Steinberg and Ｇａｒｄｎｅｒ concluded.
ｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ．

[D] Ｙｅｔ
［Ｄ］ Yetｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｙｅａｒｓ
yearsｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
followingｔｈｅtheｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
publicationｏｆofｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｔｕｄｙ，
study, Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ
Steinberg ｂｅｇａｎ
beganｔｏto ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
believe ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ｄｉｄ not
interpretation did ｎｏｔ captur
ｃａｐｔｕｒｅ ｔｈｅwhole
e the ｗｈｏｌｅ picture.
ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ．AsＡｓ heｈｅ and
ａｎｄ ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄ ｔｈｅ
researchers examined the

第第 ５／ １２页
5／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ
question ｏｆof ｗｈｙ
whyｔｅｅｎｓ
teensｗｅｒｅ
wereｍｏｒｅ
moreａｐｔaptｔｏtoｔａｋｅ
takeｒｉｓｋｓ
risks ｉｎ ｔｈｅ company
in the ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ｏｆofｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ， ｔｈｅｙcame
teenagers, they ｃａｍｅ
ｔｏtoｓｕｓｐｅｃｔ
suspect ｔｈａｔ
that aａ crowd's
ｃｒｏｗｄ＇ｓ influence
ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅneedｎｅｅｄ not
ｎｏｔalways
ａｌｗａｙｓ beｂｅ negative.
ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ．Now
Ｎｏｗ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ ａｒｅ proposing
experts are ｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｎｇ
ｔｈａｔ
thatｗｅweｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｔａｋｅtakeａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ
advantageｏｆof
ｔｈｅtheｔｅｅｎ
teenｂｒａｉｎ＇ｓ
brain'sｋｅｅｎ
keenｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｔｏ the
sensitivity to ｔｈｅ presence
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ of
ｏｆ friends
ｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｌｅｖｅｒａｇｅ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．
leverage it to improve education.

【Ｅ】
[E] InＩｎ aａ 201
２０１１1 ｓｔｕｄｙ， Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ and
study, Steinberg ａｎｄ his
ｈｉｓ colleagues
ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ turned
ｔｕｒｍｅｄ to
ｔｏ functional
ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ MRI
ＭＲＩ （磁共振）
(��#-) ｔｏ
to ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ
investigate
ｈｏｗ
howｔｈｅtheｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ of
presence ｐｅｅｒｓ
peersａｆｆｅｃｔｓ
affectsｔｈｅ
the ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｉｎ the
activity in ｔｈｅadolescent
ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔbrain.
ｂｒａｉｎ．Ｔｈｅｙ ｓｃａｎｎｅｄ ｔｈｅ
They scanned the ｂｒａｉｎｓ ｏｆ
brains of
４０40ｔｅｅｎｓ
teens ａｎｄ
andａｄｕｌｔｓ
adults ｗｈｏ
whoｗｅｒｅ
wereｐｌａｙｉｎｇ
playingａ aｖｉｒｔｕａｌ
virtual ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ
driving ｇａｍｅ
gameｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ
designedｔｏto ｔｅｓｔ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｐｌａｙｅｒｓ
test whether players
ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｂｒａｋｅ
brakeａｔatａ aｙｅｌｌｏｗ
yellowｌｉｇｈｔ
light ｏｒ
or ｓｐｅｅｄ
speed ｏｎ
on ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｒｏｓｓｒｏａｄ．
crossroad.

［Ｆ］
[F] Ｔｈｅ
Theｂｒａｉｎｓ
brainsｏｆofｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ，
teenagers, ｂｕｔ
but ｎｏｔ
not ａｄｕｌｔｓ， ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ
adults, showed greater ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｉｎ two
activity in ｔｗｏ ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ
regions ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ
associated with
ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ
rewardsｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅｙ
theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｂｅｉｎｇ
beingｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ
observedｂｙbyｓａｍｅ－ａｇｅ
same-ageｐｅｅｒｓ
peersｔｈａｎ
than ｗｈｅｎ
whenａｌｏｎｅ．
alone. Ｉｎ
In ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｗｏｒｄｓ，
words,
ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ
rewardsａｒｅ
are ｍｏｒｅ
moreｉｎｔｅｎｓｅ
intense ｆｏｒ
for ｔｅｅｎｓ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ
teens when they ａｒｅ
are ｗｉｔｈ
with ｐｅｅｒｓ， ｗｈｉｃｈ motivates
peers, which ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｓ them
ｔｈｅｍ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｓｕｅ
to pursue
ｈｉｇｈｅｒ－ｒｉｓｋ
higher-riskｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ
experiencesｔｈａｔ
that ｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｂｒｉｎｇ
bringａaｂｉｇ
bigｐａｙｏｆｆ
payoff（ｓｕｃｈ
(suchａｓasｔｈｅ
theｔｈｒｉｌｌ ｏｆ just
thrill of ｊｕｓｔ making
ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
the ｌｉｇｈｔ
light
beforeｉｔit ｔｕｒｎｓ
ｂｅｆｏｒｅ turns ｒｅｄ）．
red). But
Ｂｕｔ Steinberg
Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ suspected this tendency
ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｈｉｓ could ａｌｓｏ
ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｃｏｕｌｄ also ｈａｖｅ
have ｉｔｓ
its advantages.
ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ． In
Ｉｎ his
ｈｉｓ
ｌａｔｅｓｔ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ， published
latest experiment, ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ online
ｏｎｌｉｎｅ in
ｉｎ August,
Ａｕｇｕｓｔ， Steinberg
Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ and
ａｎｄ his
ｈｉｓ colleagues
ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓused
ｕｓｅｄ aａ computerized
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ
-
ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ
version ｏｆ
of ａa card
ｃａｒｄ game
ｇａｍｅ ｃａｌｌｅｄ ｔｈｅ Iowa
called the Ｉｏｗａ Gambling
Ｇａｍｂｌｉｎｇ Ｔａｓｋ
Taskｔｏtoｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅ
investigate how the ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
presence ｏｆ
of ｐｅｅｒｓ
peers
ａｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｔｈｅ way
affects the ｗａｙ ｙｏｕｎｇ
youngｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｇａｔｈｅｒ
gather ａｎｄ
and ａｐｐｌｙ
apply ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．
information.

［Ｇ］
[G] Ｔｈｅ
Theｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ： Ｔｅｅｎｓ who
results: Teens ｗｈｏ ｐｌａｙｅｄ
played ｔｈｅ
the Ｉｏｗａ
Iowa Ｇａｍｂｌｉｎｇ
GamblingＴａｓｋ
Taskｕｎｄｅｒ
underｔｈｅ
theｅｙｅｓ
eyesｏｆofｆｅｌｌｏｗ
fellow ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ
adolescents
ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ
engagedｉｎinｍｏｒｅ
moreｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｏｒｙ
exploratoryｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ，
behavior,ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ
learned ｆａｓｔｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｂｏｔｈ
faster from both ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ ａｎｄ negative
positive and ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ outcomes,
ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｓ，
ａｎｄandａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ
achievedｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ
performance ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｔａｓｋ ｔｈａｎ those
task than ｔｈｏｓｅwho
ｗｈｏ played
ｐｌａｙｅｄ inｉｎ solitude.
ｓｏｌｉｔｕｄｅ．＂Ｗｈａｔ
"What ｏｕｒ ｓｔｕｄｙ
our study
ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓ
suggests ｉｓ
is ｔｈａｔ ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ learn
that teenagers ｌｅａｒｎ more
ｍｏｒｅ ｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ
quickly ａｎｄ
and ｍｏｒｅ
moreｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ
effectively ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐｅｅｒｓ
peers ａｒｅ
are ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ
present
ｔｈａｎ
than ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅｙ＇ｒｅ
they're ｏｎonｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｏｗｎ，＂
own," Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ
Steinberg ｓａｙｓ．
says. Ａｎｄ
Andｔｈｉｓ
this ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
finding ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｈａｖｅ
have ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
important
ｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ
implications ｆｏｒ ｈｏｗ ｗｅweｔｈｉｎｋ
for how thinkａｂｏｕｔ
about ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｎｇ
educating ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ．
adolescents.

［Ｈ］[H]Ｍａｔｔｈｅｗ
MatthewＤ．Ｌｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎ， ａ ｓｏｃｉａｌ
D. Lieberman, ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ
a social cognitiveｎｅｕｒｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔ
neuroscientist ａｔ
at ｔｈｅ
the Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ California,
University of Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ，Ｌｏｓ
Los
Ａｎｇｅｌｅｓ，
Angeles,ａｎｄ
andａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ２０１３
201 3 ｂｏｏｋ
bookＳｏｃｉａｌ：
Social: Ｗｈｙ
WhyＯｕｒ
OurＢｒａｉｎｓ
BrainsＡｒｅ
AreＷｉｒｅｄ
Wiredｔｏ
to Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔ，ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔｓ
Connect, suspects ｔｈａｔ
that
ｔｈｅ
theｈｕｍａｎ
humanｂｒａｉｎ ｉｓ isｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
brain especiallyｓｋｉｌｌｆｕｌ
skillful ａｔ ｌｅａｍｉｎｇ ｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ
at learning socially ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ． He
significant information. Ｈｅ ｐｏｉｎｔｓ ｔｏ aａ
points to
ｃｌａｓｓｉｃ ２００４ ｓｔｕｄｙ
classic 2004 study ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓ
in which psychologists atａｔ Dartmouth
Ｄａｒｔｍｏｕｔｈ College
Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ and
ａｎｄ Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ
Harvard Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｕｓｅｄ
University used
ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ
functional ＭＲＩ
MRIｔｏ toｔｒａｃｋ
trackｂｒａｉｎ
brainａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｉｎ 1１７7 young
activity in ｙｏｕｎｇ ｍｅｎ
menａｓasｔｈｅｙ
theyｌｉｓｔｅｎｅｄ
listened ｔｏ
to ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ people
descriptions of ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
whileｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｎｇ
ｗｈｉｌｅ concentratingｏｎonｅｉｔｈｅｒ
eitherｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ
socially ｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔ
relevant cues
ｃｕｅｓ (for
（ｆｏｒexample,
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ， trying
ｔｒｙｉｎｇtoｔｏform
ｆｏｒｍ anａｎ impression
ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ
ａ aｐｅｒｓｏｎ
personｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎonｔｈｅtheｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ）
description)ｏｒorｍｏｒｅ
moreｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ
socially ｎｅｕｔｒａｌ
neutral ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information （ｓｕｃｈ
(such ａｓ ｎｏｔｉｎｇ the
as noting ｔｈｅ order
ｏｒｄｅｒ
ｏｆofｄｅｔａｉｌｓ
details ｉｎ ｔｈｅ description).
in the ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ）．The
Ｔｈｅ descriptions
ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓwere
ｗｅｒｅ the
ｔｈｅsame
ｓａｍｅ in
ｉｎ each
ｅａｃｈ condition,
ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ， but
ｂｕｔ people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ could
ｃｏｕｌｄ
ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ
rememberｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
statements ｗｈｅｎ
whenｇｉｖｅｎ
givenａ aｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ．
motivation.

［Ｉ］
[I] Ｔｈｅ
Theｓｔｕｄｙ
studyａｌｓｏ
also ｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｈａｔ
that ｗｈｅｎ
whenｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ
subjectsｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ
thoughtａｂｏｕｔ
aboutａｎｄ
andｌａｔｅｒ
laterｒｅｃａｌｌｅｄ
recalled ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎ terms
descriptions in ｔｅｒｍｓ of
ｏｆ
ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ，regions
informational content, ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓassociated
ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄwith
ｗｉｔｈfactual
ｆａｃｔｕａｌ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ，ｓｕｃｈ
memory, ａｓ the
such as ｔｈｅ medial
ｍｅｄｉａｌ temporal
ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌ
ｌｏｂｅ，
lobe, ｂｅｃａｍｅ
becameａｃｔｉｖｅ．
active. Ｂｕｔ
But ｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ
thinking ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｏｒor ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｉｎｇ
rememberingｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ
descriptionsｉｎinｔｅｒｍｓ
termsｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social
ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ
meaningａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ
activatedｔｈｅ
theｄｏｒｓｏｍｅｄｉａｌ
dorsomedialｐｒｅｆｒｏｎｔａｌ
prefrontal ｃｏｒｔｅｘ—ｐａｒｔ
cortex-part ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｂｒａｉｎ＇ｓsocial
the brain's ｓｏｃｉａｌnetwork-even
ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ—ｅｖｅｎ asａｓ

第６／ １２页
第 6／12页
 ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ
traditional memory regions ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｅｄ
registered ｌｏｗ
low ｌｅｖｅｌｓ
levels ｏｆ
of ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ． Ｍｏｒｅ recently,
activity. More ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ，ａｓ ｈｅ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ
as he ｉｎ aａ
reported in
２０１２
2012ｒｅｖｉｅｗ，Ｌｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎ
review, Liebermanｈａｓhasｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
discoveredｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｉｓ
this ｒｅｇｉｏｎ
region ｍａｙ
may ｂｅbeｐａｒｔ
part ｏｆofａ aｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔ ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ
distinct network
ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ
involved ｉｎ
in ｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ learning
socially motivated ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇand
ａｎｄ memory.
ｍｅｍｏｒｙ． Ｓｕｃｈ
Suchｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ，
findings, ｈｅ
he ｓａｙｓ， ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ that
says, suggest ｔｈａｔ＂ｔｈｉｓ
"this
ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ
networkｃａｎ
canｂｅbeｃａｌｌｅｄ
called ｏｎonｔｏtoｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
process ａｎｄ
andｓｔｏｒｅ
store ｔｈｅ
the ｋｉｎｄ
kind ｏｆofｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｔａｕｇｈｔ
taught ｉｎ
in ｓｃｈｏｏｌ—
school­
ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ ｇｉｖｉｎｇ students
potentially giving ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ access
ａｃｃｅｓｓ toｔｏa ａrange
ｒａｎｇｅofｏｆuntapped
ｕｎｔａｐｐｅｄmenta
ｍｅｎｔａｌl powers."
ｐｏｗｅｒｓ．＂
[J] Ｉｆ
［Ｊ］ If humans areｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ
ｈｕｍａｎｓ ａｒｅ generallyｇｅａｒｅｄ
gearedｔｏtoｒｅｃａｌｌ
recall ｄｅｔａｉｌｓ
details about one ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ，
ａｂｏｕｔ ｏｎｅ another, ｔｈｉｓ
this pattern
ｐａｔｔｅｒｎ isｉｓprobably
ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙ even
ｅｖｅｎ
ｍｏｒｅ
moreｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌ
powerfulａｍｏｎｇ ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ
among ｗｈｏwho
teenagers ａｒｅ ｖｅｒｙ ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｖｅ
are very ｔｏ toｓｏｃｉａｌ
attentive socialｄｅｔａｉｌｓ：
details: ｗｈｏ
whoｉｓis ｉｎ， ｗｈｏ ｉｓis ｏｕｔ，
in, who out,
ｗｈｏ
whoｌｉｋｅｓ
likes ｗｈｏｍ，
whom,ｗｈｏ ｉｓ isｍａｄ
who madａｔatｗｈｏｍ．Ｔｈｅｉｒ ｄｅｓｉｒｅ
whom. Their desireｆｏｒforｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｄｒａｍａ
drama ｉｓ ｎｏｔ—ｏｒ not
is not-or ｎｏｔonly-a
ｏｎｌｙ—ａway
ｗａｙ
ｏｆofｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ
distracting themselves from ｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｓｃｈｏｏｌｗｏｒｋ
schoolworkｏｒorｏｆofｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ
drivingａｄｕｌｔｓ
adultsｃｒａｚｙ．
crazy. ＩｔIt ｉｓ
is ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actually aａ
ｎｅｕｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
neurological（神经的）ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ， ｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄbyｂｙhormonal
(;ff��) sensitivity, initiated ｈｏｒｍｏｎａｌ changes.
ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ． Evolutionarily
Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｉｌｙ speaking,
ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ， people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ｉｎin ｔｈｉｓ ａｇｅ group
this age ｇｒｏｕｐ ａｒｅ
are ａｔ
at aａ stage
ｓｔａｇｅ inｉｎ which
ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅｙ
they ｃａｎ
can ｐｒｅｐａｒｅ
prepare ｔｏto ｆｉｎｄ
find aａ mate
ｍａｔｅ ａｎｄ
and ｓｔａｒｔ ｔｈｅｉｒown
start their ｏｗｎ
ｆａｍｉｌｙ
familyｗｈｉｌｅ
whileｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｎｇ
separatingｆｒｏｍ
fromｐａｒｅｎｔｓ
parentsａｎｄ
andｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇ
striking ｏｕｔ
out ｏｎ
onｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｏｗｎ．Ｔｏ
own. Toｄｏ do
ｔｈｉｓthisｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙ，
successfully, ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｂｒａｉｎ
brain ｐｒｏｍｐｔｓ
promptsｔｈｅｍ
themｔｏtoｔｈｉｎｋ
think ａｎｄ
and ｅｖｅｎ
evenｏｂｓｅｓｓ
obsess ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．
others.

［Ｋ］
[K] Ｙｅｔ
Yetｏｕｒ
ourｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ
schoolsｆｏｃｕｓ
focusｐｒｉｍａｒｉｌｙ
primarily ｏｎ
onｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ａｓ as ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ．What
individual entities. Ｗｈａｔwould
ｗｏｕｌｄ happen
ｈａｐｐｅｎ ｉｆif
ｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒｓ
educatorsｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
insteadｔｏｏｋ
tookａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ
advantageｏｆofｔｈｅtheｆａｃｔ
factｔｈａｔ
that ｔｅｅｎｓ
teens ａｒｅ ｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｌｙ ｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｅｄ
are powerfully compelledｔｏtoｔｈｉｎｋ
think ｉｎ
in ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social
ｔｅｒｍｓ？
terms?Ｉｎ
In Ｓｏｃｉａｌ，Ｌｉｅｂｅｒｍａｎ
Social, Lieberman ｌａｙｓ ｏｕｔ aａ number
lays out ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆof ways
ｗａｙｓ ｔｏto do
ｄｏ ｓｏ．Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
so. History ａｎｄ
and Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ ｃｏｕｌｄ beｂｅ
English could
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ
presented ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｌｅｎｓ
lens ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｄｒｉｖｅｓ ofｏｆ the
psychological drives ｔｈｅ people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ inｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ． Ｏｎｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ
volved. One could
ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ
therefore ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ
present Ｎａｐｏｌｅｏｎ
Napoleonｉｎinｔｅｒｍｓ
termsｏｆofｈｉｓ
his ｄｅｓｉｒｅ
desire ｔｏ
to ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓ
impress ｏｒ
or Ｃｈｕｒｃｈｉｌｌ
Churchill ｉｎ
in ｔｅｒｍｓ
terms ｏｆ
of ｈｉｓ
his ｌｏｎｅｌｙ
lonely
gloom.Ｌｅｓｓ
ｇｌｏｏｍ． Lessｉｎｈｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ
inherentlyｉｎｔｅｒｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
interpersonalｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ，
subjects, such as ｍａｔｈ，
ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ math, ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ａｃｑｕｉｒｅ
acquire ａa ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social aspect
ａｓｐｅｃｔ through
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
ｔｅａｍ
teamｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
problemｓｏｌｖｉｎｇ
solving ａｎｄ
andｐｅｅｒ
peer ｔｕｔｏｒｉｎｇ． Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ shows
tutoring. Research ｓｈｏｗｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｗｅ
that when we ａｂｓｏｒｂ
absorb ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ
information in
ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｔｅａｃｈ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｅｌｓｅ， ｗｅ ｌｅａｒｍ ｉｔ ｍｏｒｅ ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｌｙ ａｎｄ ｄｅｅｐｌｙ， ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ ｉｎ ｐａｒｔ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
order to teac h it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because
ｗｅweａｒｅareｅｎｇａｇｉｎｇ
engagingｏｕｒ
ourｓｏｃｉａｌ
social ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ．
cognition.

［］[L]Ａｎｄ
Andａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ
althoughａｎｘｉｏｕｓ
anxiousｐａｒｅｎｔｓ
parents ｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔ
notｗｅｌｃｏｍｅ
welcomeｔｈｅtheｎｏｔｉｏｎ，
notion, ｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒｓ
educators ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｔｕｍ
tum ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔ
adolescent
ｒｅｃｋｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓ
recklessnessｔｏto ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ
academicｅｎｄｓ．＂Ｒｉｓｋ ｔａｋｉｎｇ
ends. "Risk ｉｎ inａｎ anｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ
taking ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ
educational ｉｓ isａ aｖｉｔａｌ
context vitalｓｋｉｌｌ ｔｈａｔ enables
skill that ｅｎａｂｌｅｓ
ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ
progressａｎｄ
andｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ，＂ｗｒｏｔｅ
creativity," wroteＳａｒａｈ－Ｊａｙｎｅ
Sarah-JayneＢｌａｋｅｍｏｒｅ，
Blakemore,ａ ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ
a cognitiveｎｅｕｒｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔ
neuroscientist ａｔ
at Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University
Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
College Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ，
London, ｉｎin ａa ｒｅｖｉｅｗ
reviewｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
published ｌａｓｔ ｙｅａｒ． Yet,
last year. Ｙｅｔ，sheｓｈｅ noted,
ｎｏｔｅｄ，many ｍａｎｙ young
ｙｏｕｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ａｒｅ
are
ｅｓｐｅｃａｌｌｙ
especiallyｕｎｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ
unwillingｔｏtoｔａｋｅ
take ｒｉｓｋｓ
risks ａｔ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ—ａｆｒａｉｄ that
at school-afraid ｔｈａｔ one
ｏｎｅ low
ｌｏｗ ｔｅｓｔ ｓｃｏｒｅorｏｒpoor
test score ｐｏｏｒ grade
ｇｒａｄｅ could
ｃｏｕｌｄ
ｃｏｓｔ ｔｈｅｍ ａ ｓｐｏｔ ａｔ ａ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ． Ｗｅ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ａｓｓｕｒｅ ｓｕｃｈ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｒｉｓｋ， ａｎｄ ｅｖｅｎ peer
cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such stu d ents that risk, and even ｐｅｅｒ
ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ，
pressure, ｃａｎ
can ｂｅ
be ａa ｇｏｏｄ
goodｔｈｉｎｇ—ａｓ
thing-asｌｏｎｇ
longａｓasｉｔit ｈａｐｐｅｎｓ
happensｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ
classroomａｎｄ
andｎｏｔ
notｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｃａｒ．
car.

３６．Ｉｔ
36. Itｉｓis ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ
thought ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｅ
probable ｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ｈｕｍａｎ
humanｂｒａｉｎ
brainｉｓis ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ ｇｏｏｄ ａｔat picking
particularly good ｐｉｃｋｉｎｇ up
ｕｐ ｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
socially important
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．
information.

３７．Ｉｔ
37. It ｃａｎ
canｂｅbeｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ
concludedｆｒｏｍ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ
from experimentsｔｈａｔ
thatｔｈｅtheｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
presenceｏｆofｐｅｅｒｓ
peersｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ
increases ｒｉｓｋ－ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｂｙ
risk-taking by
ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ
adolescents ａｎｄ
and ｙｏｕｔｈ．
youth.

３８．Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
38. Studentsｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｂｅbeｔｏｌｄ
toldｔｈａｔ
thatｒｉｓｋ－ｔａｋｉｎｇ
risk-taking ｉｎ ｔｈｅ classroom
in the ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ can
ｃａｎ be
ｂｅ ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ
somethingｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ．
positive.

淘宝店铺；光速考研工作室
第７／．１２页
第 7／12页
３９．Ｔｈｅ
39. Theｕｒｇｅurgeｏｆofｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
findingａa ｍａｔｅ
mateａｎｄ
andｇｅｔｉｇ
gettingｍａｉｅｄ ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓ
married ｆｏｒforａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔｓ＇ｇｒｅａｔｅｒａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ
accounts adolescents' greater attentionｔｏ
to ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social
ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ．
interactions.

４０．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ toＳｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ，
40. According Steinberg,ｔｈｅtheｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
presenceｏｆofｐｅｅｒｓ
peersｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ
increasesｔｈｅ
the ｓｐｅｅｄ
speedａｎｄ
andｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ
effectiveness ｏｆ
of ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ＇
teenagers'
ｌｅａｍｉｎｇ．
learning.

４１．Ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓ＇
41 . Teenagers'ｐａｒｅｎｔｓ
parentsａｒｅ
areｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ
concernedａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ
negative ｐｅｅｒ
peer ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ．
influence.

４２．Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ
42. Activatingｔｈｅ
the ｂｒａｉｎ＇ｓ ｓｏｃｉａｌnetwork
brain's social ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋinvolved
ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄinｉｎsocially
ｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙmotivated
ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ ｌｅａｍｉｎｇandａｎｄmemory
learning ｍｅｍｏｒｙmay
ｍａｙ
ａｌｌｏｗ
allowｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｔｏ ｔａｐ unused
to tap ｕｎｕｓｅｄ mental
ｍｅｎｔａｌ powers.
ｐｏｗｅｒｓ．
４３．Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
43. The ｏｆ ofｐｅｅｒｓ
presence ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｆｉｅｓ
peers intensifiesｔｈｅ
the ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ
feeling ｏｆ ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ ｉｎin ｔｅｅｎｓ＇ｂｒａｉｎｓ．
of rewards teens' brains.

４４．44.Ｗｈｅｎ
Whenｗｅwe
ａｂｓｏｒｂ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
absorb ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ
information purposeｏｆofｉｍｐａｒｔｉｎｇ
impartingｉｔit ｔｏ
to ｏｔｈｅｒｓ， ｗｅ ｄｏdo ｓｏso ｗｉｔｈ
others, we with ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ
greater
ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ
accuracy ａｎｄ
and ｄｅｐｔｈ．
depth.

４５．45.Ｓｏｍｅ
Someｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ
expertsａｒｅ
areｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇ
suggestingｔｈａｔ
that ｗｅ
weｔｕｒｎ
tumｐｅｅｒ
peer ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ
influence ｔｏ ｇｏｏｄ ｕｓｅ
to good use ｉｎ
in ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．
education.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ；
Directions :Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅ
are２ 2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎinｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
section. Each passage ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ by
is followed ｂｙ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ
questions or
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．For
unfinished statements. Ｆｏｒeach
ｅａｃｈof ｏｆthem
ｔｈｅｍthere
ｔｈｅｒｅ
are ａｒｅ
fourｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices ｍａｒｋｅｄ
marked B), C)
A), Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）
ａｎｄ D) . You
andＤ）．Ｙｏｕ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ decide
ｄｅｃｉｄｅ ｏｎ on
ｔｈｅthe
ｂｅｓｔ bestｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceａｎｄ
andｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅtheｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
co"espondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter on
ｏｎ
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
AnswerＳｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with ｌｉｎｅlineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
a single throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ４６46ｔｏto ５０50 ａｒｅ
Questions are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
followi ng passage.

Ｔｈｅ
TheＥｂｒｏ
EbroＤｅｌｔａ，
Delta,ｉｎin Ｓｐａｉｎ，
Spain, ｆａｍｏｕｓ
famousａｓas ａa ｂａｔｔｌｅｇｒｏｕｎｄ
battleground ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
during ｔｈｅ Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ Civil
the Spanish Ｃｉｖｉｌ War,
Ｗａｒ， isｉｓnow
ｎｏｗ the
ｔｈｅ
ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ
setting ｆｏｒ
for ａa ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｔｅｓｔ， one
different contest, ｏｎｅ that
ｔｈａｔ isｉｓpitting
ｐｉｔｔｉｎｇrice
ｒｉｃｅfarmers
ｆａｒｍｅｒｓagainst
ａｇａｉｎｓｔtwo
ｔｗｏenemies:
ｅｎｅｍｉｅｓ：ｔｈｅ
the ｒｉｃｅ－ｅａｔｉｎｇ ｇｉａｎｔ
rice-eating giant
ａｐｐｌｅ
appleｓｎａｉｌ，ａｎｄ
snail, andｒｉｓｉｎｇ ｓｅａ levels.
rising sea ｌｅｖｅｌｓ．What
Ｗｈａｔ happens
ｈａｐｐｅｎｓ here
ｈｅｒｅ will
ｗｉｌｌ have
ｈａｖｅ aａ bearing
ｂｅａｒｉｎｇ onｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ future
ｆｕｔｕｒｅofｏｆEuropean
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ
ｒｉｃｅ
rice ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
production ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
the ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ofｏｆ southern
overall health ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎEuropean
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ wetlands.
ｗｅｔｌａｎｄｓ．
Ｌｏｃａｔｅｄ
Locatedｏｎonｔｈｅ
theＭｅｄｉｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎ
Mediterraneanｊｕｓｔ
just ｔｗｏ
twoｈｏｕｒｓ
hoursｓｏｕｔｈ
south ｏｆ
of Ｂａｒｃｅｌｏｎａ， ｔｈｅ Ebro
Barcelona, the Ｅｂｒｏ Delta
Ｄｅｌｔａ produces
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓ１２０
120 ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
million
ｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓ
kilogramsｏｆofｒｉｃｅ
rice ａa ｙｅａｒ，
year, ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｉｔit ｏｎｅ
oneｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔ＇ｓ ｍｏｓｔ ｉｎｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
continent's most ｒｉｃｅ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ ａｒｅａｓ．
important rice-growing Ａｓ the
areas. As ｔｈｅ sea
ｓｅａ
ｃｒｅｐｓ ｉｎｔｏ
creeps intoｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｆｒｅｓｈ－ｗａｔｅｒ
fresh-waterｍａｒｓｈｅｓ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，
marshes, however,ｒｉｓｉｎｇ
rising ｓａｌｉｎｉｙ（盐分）
salinity (it�) isｉｓhampering
ｈａｒｐｅｒｉｎｇ rice
ｒｉｃｅproduction.
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ａｔ ｔｈｅ
At the
ｓａｍｅ
sameｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｉｓ
time, thisｓｅａ－ｗａｔｅｒ
sea-waterａｌｓｏ
alsoｋｉｌｌｓ
killsｏｆｆ
off ｔｈｅ
the ｇｒｅｅｄｙ
greedy ｇｉａｎｔ
giant ａｐｐｌｅ
apple ｓｎａｉｌ， ａｎ inｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ
snail, an ｐｅｓｔthat
troduced pest ｔｈａｔfeeds
ｆｅｅｄｓonｏｎyoung
ｙｏｕｎｇ
ｒｉｃｅ
rice ｐｌａｎｔｓ． Ｔｈｅ most
plants. The ｍｏｓｔ ｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇ
promising ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ
strategy ｈａｓ
has ｂｅｃｏｍｅ
becomeｔｏtoｈａｒｎｅｓｓ
harness ｏｎｅ
oneｆｏｅ
foeａｇａｉｎｓｔ
against ｔｈｅ
the ｏｔｈｅｒ．
other.
Ｔｈｅ
Theｂａｔｔｌｅ
battle ｉｓ
is ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙ ｂｅｉｎｇ waged
currently being ｗａｇｅｄ ｏｎ
on ｌａｎｄ，
land, ｉｎ
in ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｓ
greenhouses ａｔat ｔｈｅ
the Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University ｏｆ of Ｂａｒｃｅｌｏｎａ．
Barcelona.
Scientists working
Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ under ｔｈｅ
ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｕｎｄｅｒ the ｂａｎｎｅｒ＂Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
banner "ProjectＮｅｕｒｉｃｅ＂ａｒｅ
Neurice" are seeking
ｓｅｅｋｉｎｇ varietiesｏｆofｒｉｃｅ
ｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ rice ｔｈａｔ
that can
ｃａｎ withstand
ｗｉｔｈｓｔａｎｄ
n
ｔｈｅ
theｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ
increasing ｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙ
saliity ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ losing
without ｌｏｓｉｎｇ the
ｔｈｅ absorbency
ａｂｓｏｒｂｅｎｃｙ ｔｈａｔ ｍａｋｅｓ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ
that makes Europeanｒｉｃｅ
riceｉｄｅａｌ forｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ
idealｆｏｒ traditional
Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ
Spanishａｎｄ
andＩｔａｌｉａｎ
Italian ｄｉｓｈｅｓ．
dishes.

第
第 ８／ １２页
8／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 ＂Ｔｈｅ
"Theｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
projectｈａｓ
hasｔｗｏ
twoｓｉｄｅｓ，＂ｓａｙｓ
sides," saysＸａｖｉｅｒ
XavierＳｅｒｒａｔ，
Serrat, Ｎｅｕｒｉｃｅ
Neurice ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
project ｍａｎａｇｅｒ
manager ａｎｄ
andｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ
researcher ａｔ ｔｈｅ
at the
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
UniversityｏｆofＢａｒｃｅｌｏｎａ，＂ｔｈｅ ｓｈｏｒｔ－ｔｅｒｍ
Barcelona , "the ｆｉｇｈｔ
short-term fightａｇａｉｎｓｔ
againstｔｈｅ
theｓｎａｉｌ，
snail, ａｎｄ
and ａa ｍｉｄ－
mid-ｔｏto ｌｏｎｇ－ｔｅｒｍ
long-termｆｉｇｈｔ
fight ａｇａｉｎｓｔ
against
ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ
climateｃｈａｎｇｅ．
change.Ｂｕｔ
Butｔｈｅ
theｓｎａｉｌ
snail ｈａｓ
has ｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ urgency."
project greater ｕｒｇｅｎｃｙ．＂
Ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ
Originally ｆｒｏｍ
fromＳｏｕｔｈ
SouthＡｍｅｒｉｃａ，
America,ｔｈｅ
theｓｎａｉｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｌｌｙ
snails were accidentally ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ ｉｎｔｏ the
introduced into ｔｈｅEbro
Ｅｂｒｏ Delta
Ｄｅｌｔａ byｂｙ
GlobalＡｑｕａｔｉｃ
Ｇｌｏｂａｌ AquaticＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ，ａ
Technologies, aｃｏｍｐａｎｙ
company
ｔｈａｔthat raised
ｒａｉｓｅｄ ｔｈｅtheｓｎａｉｌｓ
snailsｆｏｒ
forｆｒｅｓｈ－ｗａｔｅｒ aq uariums (1]<.�,tg),
fresh-waterａｇｑｕａｒｉｕｍｓ（水族馆），
ｂｕｔbutｆａｉｌｅｄ
failedｔｏto ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ
prevent ｔｈｅｉｒ ｅｓｃａｐｅ．Ｆｏｒ
their escape. Forｎｏｗ，ｔｈｅ
now, theｇｉａｎｔ
giantａｐｐｌｅ
appleｓｎａｉｌ＇ｓ
snail' s ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
presence ｉｎ
in Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ
Europeｉｓis ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ
limited ｔｏ ｔｈｅ
to the
Ｅｂｒｏ
EbroＤｅｌｔａ．Ｂｕｔ
Delta. Butｔｈｅtheｓｎａｉｌ
snailｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓ
continues ｉｔｓ
its ｍａｒｃｈ
march ｔｏto ｎｅｗ
-
newｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ， ｓａｙｓ Serrat.
territory, says Ｓｅｒｒａｔ．＂Ｔｈｅ
"The ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ
question ｉｓ ｎｏｔ
is not
ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｉｔit ｗｉｌｌ ｒｅａｃｈ other
will reach ｏｔｈｅｒ rice-growing
ｒｉｃｅ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ areas
ａｒｅａｓofｏｆEurope,
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ，but
ｂｕｔwhen."
ｗｈｅｎ．＂
Ｏｖｅｒ
Overｔｈｅtheｎｅｘｔ ｙｅａｒyearａｎｄandａ ｈａｌｆ
next ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｏｒｓ
a half ｗｉｌｌwillｔｅｓｔtestｔｈｅtheｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
investigators variousｓｔｒａｉｎｓ
strainsｏｆofｓａｌｔ－ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔ
salt-tolerant ｒｉｃｅ
rice
ｔｈｅｙ＇ｖｅ
they' veｂｒｅｄ．Ｉｎ
bred. In２０１８，
2018,ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ
farmersｗｉｌｌ
will ｐｌａｎｔ
plant ｔｈｅ
the ｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ ｗｉｔｈtheｔｈｅmost
varieties with ｍｏｓｔpromise
ｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅEbro
Ｅｂｒｏ Delta
Ｄｅｌｔａ and
ａｎｄ
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ＇ｓ
Europe'sｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｔｗｏ
twoｍａｉｎ
mainｒｉｃｅ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
rice-growingｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ—ａｌｏｎｇ
regions-alongｔｈｅ theＰｏPoｉｎinＩｔａｌｙ， ａｎｄ France's
Italy, and Ｆｒａｎｃｅ＇ｓRhone.
Ｒｈｏｎｅ． AＡ season
ｓｅａｓｏｎ
ｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｆｉｅｌｄ
field ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅｌｐ determine
will help ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ ｗｈｉｃｈ，
which,ｉｆif ａｎｙ，
any, ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓare
the varieties ａｒｅready
ｒｅａｄｙ fｆｏｒ
o
ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．
r commercialization.
ＡｓAsａｎanＥＵ－ｆｕｎｄｅｄ ｅｆｆｏｒｔ，
EU-funded ｔｈｅtheｓｅａｒｃｈ
effort, ｆｏｒforｓａｌｔ－ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔ
search salt-tolerantｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ
varieties ｏｆ
of ｒｉｃｅ
rice ｉｓ
is ｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking ｐｌａｃｅ
place ｉｎ
in ａｌｌ ｔｈｒｅｅ
all three
ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｔｅａｍ
countries. Each teamｉｓis ｃｒｏｓｓｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ
crossbreeding ａa ｌｏｃａｌ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｓｈｏｒｔ－ｇｒａｉｎ
local European short-grain ｒｉｃｅ ｗｉｔｈ aａ long-grain
rice with ｌｏｎｇ－ｇｒａｉｎ Asian
Ａｓｉａｎ ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ
variety
ｔｈａｔ
that ｃａｒｉｅｓ
carriesｔｈｅ
theｓａｌｔ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｅｎｅ． The
salt-resistant gene. Ｔｈｅ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ａｒｅ breeding
scientists are ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｉｖｅ
successive ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ
generationsｔｏtoａｒｒｉｖｅ
arrive ａｔat ｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ
varieties
thatｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ
ｔｈａｔ incorporate ｓａｌｔ
salt tolerance
ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ but
ｂｕｔ retain
ｒｅｔａｉｎabout
ａｂｏｕｔ 'f7
９７ percent
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ of
ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅEuropean rice genome
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｒｉｃｅ (£1l;J ill.).
ｇｅｎｏｍｅ （基因组）

４６．Ｗｈｙ ｄｏｅｓdoes
46. Why ｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎ
author ｔｈｅtheＳｐａｎｉｓｈ
mention SpanishＣｉｖｉｌ
CivilＷａｒ
Warａｔatｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ
beginning ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ？
the passage?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｈａｄ
hadｇｒｅａｔ
great ｉｍｐａｃｔ
impactｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｌｉｆｅ ｏｆ Spanish
life of Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ ｒｉｃｅ ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ．
rice farmers.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｉｓis ｏｆof ｇｒｅａｔ
great ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ
significance in
ｉｎ the
ｔｈｅ records
ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ of
ｏｆ Spanish history.
Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ．
Ｃ）C)Ｒｉｃｅ
Riceｆａｒｍｅｒｓ
farmersｉｎinｔｈｅ
theＥｂｒｏ
EbroＤｅｌｔａ
Deltaａｒｅ
areｗａｇｉｎｇ
wagingａ aｂａｔｔｌｅ
battle ｏｆ
of ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ．
similar importance.
D) Rice
Ｄ）Ｒｉｃｅ farmers
ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ ｉｎ inｔｈｅtheＥｂｒｏ
EbroＤｅｌｔａ
Deltaａｒｅ
areｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇ
experiencingａｓas ｈａｒｄ
hard ａa ｔｉｍｅ
time ａｓ
as ｉｎ
in the
ｔｈｅ war.
ｗａｒ．

４７．47.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｍａｙmay
ｂｅ be
ｔｈｅtheｍｏｓｔmost
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ
effectiveｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ
strategyｆｏｒ
forｒｉｃｅ
rice ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ
farmers ｔｏ ｅｍｐｌｏｙ ｉｎin ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
to employ ｔｈｅｉｒenemies?
fighting their ｅｎｅｍｉｅｓ？
Ａ）A)Ｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇ
Striking ｔｈｅ
the ｗｅａｋｅｒ
weaker ｅｎｅｍｙ
enemyｆｉｒｓｔ．
first. Ｃ）C)Ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇ
Eliminating ｔｈｅ ｅｎｅｍｙ ｏｎｅ
the enemy ｂｙ one.
one by ｏｎｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｋｉｌｌｉｎｇ
Killing ｔｗｏ
twoｂｉｒｄｓ
birds ｗｉｔｈ
with ｏｎｅ
one ｓｔｏｎｅ．
stone. Ｄ）D)Ｕｓｉｎｇ
Usingｏｎｅ
oneｅｖｉｌ
evilｔｏto ｃｏｍｂａｔ
combatｔｈｅ
the ｏｔｈｅｒ．
other.

４８．
48. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏ
do ｗｅ
weｌｅａｒｎ ａｂｏｕｔ＂Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
learn about Ｎｅｕｒｉｃｅ＂？?
"Project Neurice"
Ａ）A)Ｉｔｓ
Its ｇｏａｌｓ
goals ｗｉｌｌ
will ｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏto ｂｅ
beｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄ
realized ａｔ
at ａa ｃｏｓｔ．
cost.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ａｉｍｓ
aimsｔｏto ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
increase ｔｈｅ
the ｙｉｅｌｄ
yield ｏｆ
of Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ
Spanish ｒｉｃｅ．
rice.
Ｃ）C)Ｉｔｓ
Itsｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅ
immediateｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙ
priorityｉｓis ｔｏ
to ｂｒｉｎｇ
bring ｔｈｅ
the ｐｅｓｔ
pest under control.
ｕｎｄｅｒ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｔｒｉｅｓ
tries ｔｏ
to ｋｉｌｌ ｔｈｅ snails
kill the ｓｎａｉｌｓwith
ｗｉｔｈthe
ｔｈｅhelp
ｈｅｌｐofｏｆclimate
ｃｌｉｍａｔｅchange.
ｃｈａｎｇｅ．

４９．
49.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesＮｅｕｒｉｃｅ
Neuriceｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ
projectｍａｎａｇｅｒ
managerｓａｙ
sayａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｇｉａｎｔ
giant ａｐｐｌｅ
apple ｓｎａｉｌ？
snail?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｃａｎ
can ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ
survive only
ｏｎｌｙ on
ｏｎ southern
ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ European
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ wetlands.
ｗｅｔｌａｎｄｓ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｗｉｌｌ
will ｉｎｖａｄｅ
invade ｏｔｈｅｒ
other rice-growing
ｒｉｃｅ－ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ regions
ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ of
ｏｆ Europe.
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｅｓ
multiplies atａｔa ａspeed
ｓｐｅｅｄbeyond
ｂｅｙｏｎｄ human imagination.
ｈｕｍａｎ ｉｍａｇｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｗａｓ
wasｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ
introducedｉｎｔｏintoｔｈｅ
theｒｉｃｅ
rice ｆｉｅｌｄｓ
fields on
ｏｎ purpose.
ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ．

第９／１２页
第 9／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
５０．50. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓis ｔｈｅ
the ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅ ｇｏａｌofｏｆtheｔｈｅEU-funded
ultimate goal ＥＵ－ｆｕｎｄｅｄprogram?
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ？
Ａ）A)Ｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ
Cultivatingｉｄｅａｌ
idealｓａｌｔ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ
salt-resistant ｒｉｃｅ
rice ｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓ．
varieties.
Ｂ）B)Ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ
Increasingｔｈｅthe ａｂｓｏｒｂｅｎｃｙ
absorbencyｏｆofｔｈｅ the Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ
Spanish ｒｉｃｅ．
rice.
Ｃ）C)Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇ
IntroducingＳｐａｎｉｓｈ
Spanishｒｉｃｅ
riceｔｏto ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｓｔ
rest of
ｏｆ Europe.
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ．
Ｄ）D)Ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｚｉｎｇ
Popularizingｔｈｅ
the ｒｉｃｅ
rice ｃｒｏｓｓｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ
crossbreeding ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
technology.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Questions５１51ｔｏto ５５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 55 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following passage.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．

Ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ
Photographyｗａｓwas ｏｎｃｅonce
ａｎ ｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ，
an expensive,ｌａｂｏｒｉｏｕｓ ｏｒｄｅａｌ
laborious ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄ
ordeal ｆｏｒforｌｉｆｅ＇ｓ
reserved life' sｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔ
greatest ｍｉｌｅｓｔｏｎｅｓ．
milestones.
Ｎｏｗ，
Now,ｔｈｅtheｏｎｌｙ
onlyａｐｐａｒｅｎｔ
apparentｃｏｓｔ
costｔｏto ｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking ｉｎｆｉｎｉｔｅ ｐｈｏｔｏｓofｏｆsomething
infinite photos ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ asａｓcommon
ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ａｓas ａa ｍｅａｌ
mealｉｓis ｔｈｅ ｓｐａｃｅ
the space
ｏｎ ｙｏｕｒ ｈａｒｄ ｄｒｉｖｅ ａｎｄ ｙｏｕｒ ｄｉｎｉｎｇ ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎ＇ｓ ｐａｔｉｅｎｃｅ．
on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
Ｂｕｔ
Butｉｓis ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
another ｃｏｓｔ，
cost, aａ ｄｅｅｐｅｒ
deeper ｃｏｓｔ，
cost, toｔｏ documenting
ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ ａa ｌｉｆｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
life experience ｏｆ simply
instead of ｓｉｍｐｌｙ
ｅｎｊｏｙｉｎｇ
enjoyingｉｔ？＂Ｙｏｕ
it? "Youｈｅａｒhearｔｈａｔthatｙｏｕyouｓｈｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ
shouldn'tｔａｋｅ
takeａｌｌallｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photosａｎｄ
andｉｎｔｅｒｒｕｐｔ
interrupt ｔｈｅ
the ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ，
experience, ａｎｄ
and ｉｔｓ
it's
ｂａｄbadｆｏｒforｙｏｕ，ａｎｄ
you, andｗｅ＇ｒｅ
we'reｎｏｔnotｌｉｖｉｎｇ
livingｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｍｏｍｅｎｔ，＂ｓａｙｓsaysＫｒｉｓｔｉｎ
present moment," KristinＤｉｅｈｌ，
Diehl,ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ
associate ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ ｏｆ
professor of
ｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇ
marketingａｔatｔｈｅ
theＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University ｏｆofＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ
SouthernＣａｌｉｆｏｒｍｎｉａ Ｍａｒｓｈａｌｌ School
California Marshall Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ of
ｏｆ Business.
Ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ．
e
Ｄｉｅｈｌ
Diehlａｎｄ
andｈｅｒ
herｆｅｌｌｏｗ
fllow ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｗａｎｔｅｄ ｔｏto ｆｉｎｄ
researchers wanted fmd ｏｕｔ ｉｆ that
out if ｔｈａｔwas
ｗａｓ true,
ｔｒｕｅ，soｓｏthey
ｔｈｅｙembarked
ｅｍｂａｒｋｅｄ on
ｏｎ aａ
ｓｅｒｉｅｓ
series ｏｆ ｎｉｎｅ experiments
of nine ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ in ｔｈｅ
the ｌａｂ
lab ａｎｄ
and ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｆｉｅｌｄ ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ people's
field testing ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓenjoyment
ｅｎｊｏｙｍｅｎｔ in ｉｎ the
ｔｈｅ presence
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ ｏｒor
ａｂｓｅｎｃｅ
absenceｏｆofａ aｃａｍｅｒａ．
camera.Ｔｈｅ Theｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ，
results, ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
published ｉｎin ｔｈｅ the Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ
Journal ｏｆ of Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ
Personality and ａｎｄ Ｓｏｃｉａｌ
Social Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ，
Psychology,

ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅｄ
surprised ｔｈｅｍ．
them. Ｔａｋｉｎｇ
Takingｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photosａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actually ｍａｋｅｓ
makesｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｅｎｊｏｙenjoyｗｈａｔ
whatｔｈｅｙ＇ｒｅ
they're ｄｏｉｎｇ
doing ｍｏｒｅ，
more, ｎｏｔ
not ｌｅｓｓ．
less.
＂Ｗｈａｔ ｗｅ ｆｉｎｄ ｉｓ ｙｏｕ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｌｏｏｋ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ ｓｌｉｇｈｔｌｙ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ， ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｙｏｕ＇ｒｅ ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ
"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for
ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
thingsｙｏｕ
youｗａｎｔwantｔｏto ｃａｐｔｕｒｅ，ｔｈａｔ
capture, that you ｙｏｕ may
ｍａｙ want
ｗａｎｔ toｔｏ hang
ｈａｎｇ onto,"
ｏｎｔｏ，＂Ｄｉｅｈｌｅｘｐｌａｉｎｓ．＂Ｔｈａｔ
Diehl explains. "That ｇｅｔｓ ｐｅｏｐｌｅmore
gets people ｍｏｒｅ
ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ
engagedｉｎinｔｈｅ theｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ，
experience, ａｎｄ and ｔｈｅｙ
they ｔｅｎｄ
tend ｔｏto ｅｎｊｏｙ
enjoy ｉｔ ｍｏｒｅ．＂
it more."
Ｔａｋｅ
Takeｓｉｇｈｔｓｅｉｎｇ．
sightseeing.ＩｎInｏｎｅ oneｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ，
experiment,ｎｅａｒｌｙnearly ２００
200 ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ ｂｏａｒｄｅｄ aａ double-decker
participants boarded ｄｏｕｂｌｅ－ｄｅｃｋｅｒ bus ｂｕｓ for
ｆｏｒ aａ
ｔｏｕｒ
tour ｏｆ
of Ｐｈｉｌａｄｅｌｐｈｉａ．
Philadelphia. Both Ｂｏｔｈ ｂｕｓbus ｔｏｕｒｓ
tours ｆｏｒｂａｄｅ
forbade ｔｈｅthe ｕｓｅ
use ｏｆof ｃｅｌｌ ｐｈｏｎｅｓ ｂｕｔ
cell phones but ｏｎｅone ｔｏｕｒ
tour ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ
providedｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digital
ｃａｍｅｒａｓ
camerasａｎｄandｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ
encouragedｐｅｏｐｌｅpeopleｔｏto ｔａｋｅtake ｐｈｏｔｏｓ．Ｔｈｅ
photos. The ｐｅｏｐｌｅpeople ｗｈｏ
whoｔｏｏｋ tookｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photos ｅｎｊｏｙｅｄ
enjoyed ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ
the experience
ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｍｏｒｅ，ａｎｄ
significantly more, and ｓａｉｄ
said ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ
they were more ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ，
engaged, ｔｈａｎ than ｔｈｏｓｅ
those whoｗｈｏ ｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ．
didn't.
Ｓｎａｐｐｉｎｇ ａ ｐｈｏｔｏ ｄｉｒｅｃｔｓ ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｈｅｉｇｈｔｅｎｓ ｔｈｅ ｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ ｙｏｕ get
Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you ｇｅｔ from
ｆｒｏｍ whatever
ｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒ ｙｏｕ＇ｒｅ
you're
ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ
lookingａｔ， Ｄｉｅｈｌ says.
at, Diehl ｓａｙｓ．It Ｉｔworks
ｗｏｒｋｓforｆｏｒthings
ｔｈｉｎｇｓas ａｓboring
ｂｏｒｉｎｇas ａｓarchaeological
ａｒｃｈａｅｄｏｇｉｃａｌ（考古的）ｍｕｓｅｕｍｓ，
( :if -l; �) museums, where ｗｈｅｒｅ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｅｙｅ－ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ ｇｌａｓｓｅｓ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄ ｅｉｔｈｅｒ ｔｏ ｔａｋｅ ｐｈｏｔｏｓ ｏｒ ｎｏｔ．＂Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｌｏｏｋ
people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look
ｌｏｎｇｅｒ
longerａｔat ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
things th ｔｈｅｙ ｗａｎｔ
ey want
-
ｔｏ photograph,"
to ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈ，＂Ｄｉｅｈｌ Diehl ｓａｙｓ．Ｔｈｅｙ
says. Theyｒｅｐｏｔ reportｌｉｋｉｎｇ
liking ｔｈｅ
the ｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓ ｍｏｒｅ，ｔｏｏ．
exhibits more, too.
Ｔｏ the ｒｅｌｉｅｆ
Toｔｈｅ relief ofｏｆ Instagrammers (Instagram Jfl用户）ｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅ，
Ｉｎｓｔａｇｒａｍｍｅｒｓ（Ｉｎｓｔａｇｒａｍ ? ) everywhere, it ｉｔcanｃａｎeven ｅｖｅｎmake
ｍａｋｅ meals
ｍｅａｌｓ more
ｍｏｒｅ
enjoyable. Ｗｈｅｎ
ｅｎｊｏｙａｂｌｅ． Whenｐｅｏｐｌｅpeople were
ｗｅｒｅ encouraged
ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ to take
ｔｏ ｔａｋｅ ａｔ atｌｅａｓｔ
leastｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photos ｗｈｉｌｅ
while ｔｈｅｙ
they ａｔｅ
ate lunch,
ｌｕｎｃｈ， they
ｔｈｅｙwere
ｗｅｒｅ
ｍｏｒｅ
moreｉｍｍｅｒｓｅｄ
immersed ｉｎ inｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｍｅａｌｓ
mealsｔｈａｎ thanｔｈｏｓｅ
thoseｗｈｏwhoｗｅｒｅｎ＇ｔ
weren'tｔｏｌｄ told ｔｏ
to ｔａｋｅ
take ｐｈｏｔｏｓ．
photos.
Ｗａｓ
Wasｉｔ itｔｈｅtheｓａｔｉｓｆｙｉｎｇ
satisfying ｃｌｉｃｋ
click of ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅcamera?
ｃａｍｅｒａ？ TheＴｈｅ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ
physical actａｃｔofｏｆtheｔｈｅsnap?
ｓｎａｐ？No, Ｎｏ，ｔｈｅｙ ｆｏｕｎｄ；ｊｕｓｔ
they found; ｔｈｅ
just the
ａｃｔ
actｏｆofｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ
planning ｔｏ to ｔａｋｅ
take aａ photo-and
ｐｈｏｔｏ—ａｎｄ ｎｏｔ not ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｔａｋｉｎｇit-had
actually taking ｉｔ—ｈａｄthe ｔｈｅsame
ｓａｍｅjoy-boosting
ｊｏｙ－ｂｏｏｓｔｉｎｇeffect.
ｅｆｆｅｃｔ．＂Ｉｆｙｏｕ
" If you
ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｔａｋｅ ｍｅｎｔａｌ ｐｈｏｔｏｓ， ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｒｋｓ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｗａｙ，＂Ｄｉｅｈｌ ｓａｙｓ．＂Ｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ ａｂｏｕｔ ｗｈａｔ ｙｏｕ ｗｏｕｌｄ
want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would
ｗａｎｔ
wantｔｏtoｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈ
photographａｌｓｏ also ｇｅｔｓ
gets youｙｏｕ ｍｏｒｅ
more ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ．＂＂
engaged."

第第 １０ ／１２页
10／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
５１．
51 . Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｓａｙ
say ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｐｈｏｔｏ－ｔａｋｉｎｇ
photo-taking ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｔ？
the past?
A) Itｗａｓwas
Ａ）Ｉｔ a painstaking
ａ ｐａｉｎｓｔａｋｉｎｇ effortｆｏｒ
ｅｆｆｏｒｔ forｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recordingｌｉｆｅ＇ｓ
life's major events.
ｍａｊｏｒ ｅｖｅｎｔｓ．
Ｂ）Ｉｔ
B) Itｗａｓ
wasａ aｌｕｘｕｒｙ
luxuryｔｈａｔ
that ｏｎｌｙ
only ａa ｆｅｗ
few ｗｅａｌｔｈｙ
wealthy ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｅｎｊｏｙ．
enjoy.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｗａｓ
was ａa ｇｏｏｄ
goodｗａｙwayｔｏtoｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅ
preserve ｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one's ｐｒｅｃｉｏｕｓ
precious images.
ｉｍａｇｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｗａｓ
wasａ aｓｋｉｌｌ
skillｔｈａｔ
that ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
required ｌｏｔｓ
lots ｏｆ
of ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ
practice to
ｔｏ master.
ｍａｓｔｅｒ．

５２．Ｋｒｉｓｔｉｎ
52. Kristin Ｄｉｅｈｌ
Diehl ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ
conducted ａa series
ｓｅｒｉｅｓofｏｆexperiments
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓonｏｎphoto-taking
ｐｈｏｔｏ－ｔａｋｉｎｇto find
ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ ｏｕｔ＿＿＿＿_
out __
Ａ）A)ｗｈａｔ
whatｋｉｎｄ
kindｏｆofｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ
pleasureｉｔit ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actually ｂｒｉｎｇ
bring ｔｏ
to photo-takers
ｐｈｏｔｏ－ｔａｋｅｒｓ
Ｂ）ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
B) whether peopleｅｎｊｏｙｅｄ
enjoyedｉｔit ｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｉｄ
did ｓｉｇｈｔｓｅｅｉｎｇ
sightseeing
Ｃ）C)ｈｏｗ
howｉｔ itｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｈｅｌｐ
helpｔｏtoｅｎｒｉｃｈ
enrichｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people's ｌｉｆｅ
life experiences
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ
Ｄ）D)ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｉｔit ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｅｄ
prevented ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｅｎｊｏｙｉｎｇ what
people enjoying ｗｈａｔ they
ｔｈｅｙ were
ｗｅｒｅ doing
ｄｏｉｎｇ

５３．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｏ doｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ
53. What resultsｏｆofＤｉｅｈｌ＇ｓ
Diehl' s ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ
experiments ｓｈｏｗ
showａｂｏｕｔ
about ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ？
pictures?
A) They
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅare distracted ｆｒｏｍ
ｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｅｄ fromｗｈａｔ
whatｔｈｅｙ
they ａｒｅ
are ｄｏｉｎｇ．
doing.
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎcan betterｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ
ｂｅｔｔｅｒ rememberｗｈａｔ
whatｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｅｅ
see ｏｒ
or do.
ｄｏ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｍｏｒｅ
moreａｂｓｏｒｂｅｄ
absorbedｉｎinｗｈａｔ
whatｃａｔｃｈｅｓ
catchesｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｅｙｅ．
eye.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎcanｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｂｅｔｔｅｒ
betterｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
understanding ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ．
the world.

５４．
54. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓisｆｏｕｎｄ
foundａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｍｕｓｅｕｍ
museumｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｓ
visitorsｗｉｔｈ
withｔｈｅ
theａｉｄ
aidｏｆofｅｙｅ－ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ
eye-tracking ｇｌａｓｓｅｓ？
glasses?
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃｏｍｅ
come
ｏｕｔout with
ｗｉｔｈ betterｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｓ
ｂｅｔｔｅｒ photographsｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓ．
exhibits.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｆｏｃｕｓ
focusｍｏｒｅ
moreｏｎonｔｈｅtheｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓ
exhibitsｗｈｅｎ
whenｔａｋｉｎｇ
takingｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．
pictures.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｖｉｅｗ
viewｏｆofｗｈａｔ
whatａｒｅ
are ｏｎ
onｄｉｓｐｌａｙ．
display.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
They follow
ｆｏｌｌｏｗ ｔｈｅtheｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ
historical ｅｖｅｎｔｓ
events ｍｏｒｅ
moreｅａｓｉｌｙ．
easily.

５５．
55. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏdoｗｅweｌｅａｒｎ
learnｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
the ｌａｓｔ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ？
last paragraph?
Ａ）A)ＩｔItｉｓis ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better to
ｔｏ make plans ｂｅｆｏｒｅ
ｍａｋｅ ｐｌａｎｓ before ｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking photos.
ｐｈｏｔｏｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｍｅｎｔａｌ
Mentalｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photosｃａｎ
canｂｅbeａｓasｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ
beautiful ａｓ
as ｓｎａｐｓｈｏｔｓ．
snapshots.
Ｃ）C)Ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｅｒｓ
Photographersｃａｎ
canｄｅｒｉｖｅ
deriveｇｒｅａｔ
great ｊｏｙ
joy ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
the ｃｌｉｃｋ
click ｏｆ
of the
ｔｈｅ camera.
ｃａｍｅｒａ．
Ｄ）D)Ｅｖｅｎ
Evenｔｈｅtheｖｅｒｙ
veryｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ
thoughtｏｆofｔａｋｉｎｇ
takingａ aｐｈｏｔｏ
photoｃａｎ
canｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ
positiveｅｆｆｅｃｔ．
effect.

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ
Part IV Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ
Directions : Forｔｈｉｓ
thisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
part , you ３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
allowed minutesｔｏtoｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅａ
translate aｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｆｒｏｍ
from Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
Chinese ｉｎｔｏ
into
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．Ｙｏｕ
English. You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅyour
should write ｙｏｕｒanswer
ａｎｓｗｅｒonｏｎAnswer
ＡｎｓＷｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2.２．
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过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见。
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汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市的
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JE � I'll] 0 13 �F � , J! .®�ITT � ITT �]ff����
汽车增长速度过快。以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不得不
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出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量。由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源
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汽车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。

淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第第 １１／ １２页
11／12页
Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

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（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:Ｆｏｒ
Forｔｈｉｓ
this ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
part, youａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutesｔｏ
to ｗｒｉｔｅ ａｎ essay
write an ｅｓｓａｙ onｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ importance
ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ ofｏｆ
ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｔｒｕｓｔ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ． Ｙｏｕ ｃａｎ ｃｉｔｅ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓ ｔｏ toｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ
building trust between employers and empwyees. You can cite exampks illustrate
ｙｏｕｒ
yourｖｉｅｗｓ．Ｙｏｕ
views. Youｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｗｒｉｔｅ
write ａｔ
at ｌｅａｓｔ １５０ words
/,east 150 ｗｏｒｄｓ but
ｂｕｔ noｎｏ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 200２００ ｗｏｒｄｓ．
words.

淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第１２／１２页
第 12／12页