2018年12月大学英语六级考试试题第2套

２０１８年１２月大学英语六级考试试题第２套
Ｐａｒｔ
Part ＩＩ
II Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions : Inｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
section , youｗｉｌｌｈｅａｒ
will hearｔｗｏ
twoｌｏｎｇ
longｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｔ
conversations. At ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ
the end ｅａｃｈ conversation
of each ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
, you
ｗｉｌｌ
will ｈｅａｒ
hear ｆｏｕｒ
four ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ
questions. Both ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ and
the conversation ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ will
the questions ｗｉｌｌbeｂｅspoken
ｓｐｏｋｅｎonly
ｏｎｌｙｏｎｃｅ．
once.
Ａｆｉｅｒ
After ｙｏｕ
you ｈｅａｒ
hear ａa ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
question , youｍｕｓｔ
mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
chooseｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ
answer from ｆｏｕｒ
the f ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ marked
our choices ｍａｒｋｅｄ
A ) , B ) , C ) Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ and D ) . ｍａｒｋ
Then ｔｈｅ
markｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
the corresponding ｏｎ Answer
letter on Sheet１1 ｗｉｔｈ
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ with aａ
ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Questions１1ｔｏto ４4 ａｒｅ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation you have ｊｕｓｔ
ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

１．1 . Ａ）
A) Ｓｔｏｐ
Stop ｗｏｒｒｙｉｎｇ
worrying ａｂｏｕｔ
about him.
ｈｉｍ． Ｃ）C)Ｔａｋｅ
Takeａ aｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ
picture ｏｆ
of him.
ｈｉｍ．
Ｂ）B)Ｋｅｅｐ awayｆｒｏｍ
Keepａｗａｙ fromｔｈｅ
theｓｔａｔｕｅ．
statue. Ｄ）D)ＰｕｔPutｏｎonａ aｓｍｉｌｅ
smileｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ
the photo
ｐｈｏｔｏ．.

２．2. Ａ）A)Ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ
Gainingｇｒｅａｔ
greatｆａｍｅ
fameｏｎonｔｈｅ
theＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ．
Internet. Ｃ）C)Ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ
Collecting ｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best ｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photos ｉｎ
in the
ｔｈｅ world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｂ）B)Ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇ
Publishingａ aｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ
collection ｏｆ
of ｈｉｓ ｐｈｏｔｏｓ．
his photos. Ｄ）D)Ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ
Becomingａ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ
a professional ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｅｒ．
photographer.

３．3 . Ａ）
A) Ｓｕｒｆｉｎｇ
Surfingｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
various ｗｅｂｓｉｔｅｓ
websites ａｎｄ
andｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ
collecting photos.
ｐｈｏｔｏｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｅｄｉｔｉｎｇ
Editingｈｉｓ
his ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ
pictures and
ａｎｄ posting
ｐｏｓｔｉｎｇ them online.
ｔｈｅｍ ｏｎｌｉｎｅ．
Ｃ）C)Ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
Followingｓｉｍｉｌａｒ
similar ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓ
accounts toｔｏ compare notes.
ｃｏｍｐａｒｅ ｎｏｔｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ
Studyingｔｈｅ
theｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ
pictures ｉｎ
in ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ
popular ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social media.
ｍｅｄｉａ．

４．4. Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｆａｒ
farｆｒｏｍ
fromｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｙ．
satisfactory. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｍａｋｅ
makeａｎanｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ
impressive album.
ａｌｂｕｍ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
are ｍｏｓｔｌｙ
mostly taken
ｔａｋｅｎ by
ｂｙ her
ｈｅｒmorn.
ｍｏｍ． Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｒｅｃｏｒｄ
record ｈｅｒ
her ｆｏｎｄ
fond memories.
ｍｅｍｏｒｉｅｓ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５5 ｔｏ
to ８8 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ on
are based ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ you
the conversation ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅ just
ｊｕｓｔheard.
ｈｅａｒｄ

5 . A)ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ
５．Ａ）Ａ A journal reporting
ｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅtheｌａｔｅｓｔ
latestｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ
progress ｉｎ
in ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ．
physics.
Ｂ）B)ＡｎAnｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ
introductory ｃｏｕｒｓｅ
course ｏｆof modem physics.
ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ．
C) An occasion for physicists to exchange
Ｃ） Ａｎ ｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｉｓｔｓ ｔｏ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ ｉｄｅａｓ． ideas.
Ｄ）D)Ａ Aｓｅｒｉｅｓ
seriesｏｆofｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｓ
interviewsｗｉｔｈ
withｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
outstandingｐｈｙｓｉｃｉｓｔｓ．
physicists.

６．6. Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅ
Theｆｕｔｕｒｅ
futureｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ
physical world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ． Ｃ）C)Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ
Sourcesｏｆofｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ．
radiation.
Ｂ）B)ＴｈｅTheｏｒｉｇｉｎ
originｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅ．
universe. Ｄ）D)Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ
Particle ｔｈｅｏｒｙ．
theory.

７．7 . Ａ）
A)Ｈｏｗ
How matter
ｍａｔｔｅｒ collidesｗｉｔｈ
ｃｏｌｌｉｄｅｓ withａｎｔｉ－ｍａｔｔｅｒ．
anti-matter. Ｃ）C)Ｗｈｙ
Why there
ｔｈｅｒｅ existsａｎｔｉ－ｍａｔｔｅｒ．
ｅｘｉｓｔｓ anti-matter.
B) Whether
Ｂ）Ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｔｈｅthe universeｗｉｌｌ
ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅ willｔｕｒｎ
tum ｂａｒｒｅｎ．
barren. Ｄ）D)ＷｈｙWhy
ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ isａ aｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅ
there universeａｔatａｌｌ．
all.

８．8 . Ａ）Ｍａｔｔｅｒ
A) Matter
ａｎｄand anti-matterａｒｅ
ａｎｔｉ－ｍａｔｔｅｒ areｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ
opposites ｏｆ
of ｅａｃｈ
each ｏｔｈｅｒ．
other.
B) Anti-matterａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
Ｂ）Ａｎｔｉ－ｍａｔｔｅｒ allowedｈｕｍａｎｓ
humansｔｏtoｃｏｍｅ
comeｉｎｔｏ
intoｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ．
existence.

第
第 １／１２页
1／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｅ
universeｆｏｒｍｅｄ
formedｄｕｅ
dueｔｏtoａ aｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ
sufficient amount
ａｍｏｕｎｔ ｏｆof ｍａｔｔｅｒ．
matter.
Ｄ）D)Ａｎｔｉ－ｍａｔｔｅｒ
Anti-matterｅｘｉｓｔｓ
exists in
ｉｎ very
ｖｅｒｙ high-temperature
ｈｉｇｈ－ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ environments.
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ．

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions : Inｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕｗｉｌｌ
section , you will ｈｅａｒ
hear ｔｗｏ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ．Ａｔ
two passages. ｔｈｅｅｎｄ
At the end ｏｆ ｅａｃｈpassage
of each ｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｙｏｕｗｌｌ
, you willｈｅａｒ
hear ｔｈｒｅｅ
three
ｏｒorｆｏｕｒ
fourｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ
questions. Both ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ａｎｄ
the passage andｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．
once. AＡｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ
fter you
ｈｅａｒ question , youｍｕｓｔ
hearａaｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ mustｃｈｏｏｓｅ
choose ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔanswer
the best ａｎｓｗｅｒfrom
ｆｒｏｍtheｔｈｅfour
ｆｏｕｒchoices
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ A ) Ａ），Ｂ），
ｍａｒｋｅｄ
marked , B) ,
C ) and
Ｃ）ａｎｄ D ) . Then
Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋmark
ｔｈｅ the
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｅｒ
letterｏｎ Answer
on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 1 withａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
１ ｗｉｔｈ a single ｌｉｎｅ
line
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Questions９9 ｔｏ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ to １１
11 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ
thepassage ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．

９．9. Ａ）Ｓｈｅ
A ) Sheｆｏｕｎｄ
found herselfｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ
ｈｅｒｓｅｌｆ speakingａaｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ
foreign ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ．
language.
Ｂ）B )Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗｏｋｅ
wokeｕｐup speaking
ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ withａ aｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
ｗｉｔｈ different ａｃｃｅｎｔ．
accent.
Ｃ）C )Ｓｈｅ
Sheｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｓｏｍｅ
someｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ
symptomsｏｆ of
ｈｅｒherｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ
illness gone.
ｇｏｎｅ．
D ) She
Ｄ）Ｓｈｅ woke
ｗｏｋｅ ｕｐ up finding
ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ herselfｉｎinａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
ｈｅｒｓｅｌｆ another ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ．
country.

1 0 . A ) ｉｓ
１０．Ａ）Ｉｔ It isｕｓｕａｌｌｙ
usuallyｃａｕｓｅｄ
causedｂｙbyａ aｓｔｒｏｋｅ
strokeｏｒorｂｒａｉｎ
brainｉｎｊｕｒｙ．
injury.
B ) Itｈａｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ hasｎｏｔ
notｙｅｔ
yetｆｏｕｎｄ
foundａｎｙ
anyｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ
effective ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ．
treatment.
Ｃ）C Ｉｔ
) It ｌｅａｖｅｓ
leaves ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ
patient with
ｗｉｔｈ aａ distorted
ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｅｄmemory.
ｍｅｍｏｒｙ．
Ｄ）D )ＩｔIt ｏｆｔｅｎ
often happens to ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ｈａｐｐｅｎｓ ｔｏ people ｗｉｔｈ
with ｓｐｅｅｃｈ
speech ｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ．
defects.

１１．Ａ）Ｂｒｔｉｓｈ．
1 1 . A ) British. Ｂ）Ｉｒｉｓｈ．
B) Irish. Ｃ）C )Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ．
Russian. D ) Australian.
Ｄ）Ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉａｎ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions １２
12 ｔｏ １５ are
to 15 ａｒｅ based
ｂａｓｅｄ onｏｎ the
ｔｈｅpassage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ just
you have ｊｕｓｔheard.
ｈｅａｒｄ
１２．1 2 . Ａ）Ｗａｔｅｒ
A) Waterｓｐｏｒｔｓ．
sports. Ｃ）C)Ｓｔｏｒｉｅｓ
Stories about
ａｂｏｕｔwomen
ｗｏｍｅｎ swimmers.
ｓｗｉｍｍｅｒｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｒａｃｉｎｇ
Racingｉｎinｒｉｖｅｒｓ．
rivers. Ｄ）D)Ｂｏｏｋｓ
Booksａｂｏｕｔ
about ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ．
swimming.

1 3 . Ａ）
１３． A) Ｓｈｅ
Sheｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄ
succeeded ｉｎin ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ
swimmingａｃｒｏｓｓ
across ｔｈｅ
the Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ
English Channel.
Ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
publishedａa ｇｕｉｄｅ
guide ｔｏ
to London's
Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ＇ｓ best
ｂｅｓｔ swimming spots.
ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ ｓｐｏｔｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｔｏｌｄ
told ｈｅｒ
her ｓｔｏｒｙ
story of
ｏｆ adventures
ａｄｖｅｎｔｕｒｅｓtoｔｏsome
ｓｏｍｅyoung
ｙｏｕｎｇ swimmers.
ｓｗｉｍｍｅｒｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗｒｏｔｅ
wroteａ aｂｏｏｋ
bookａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
the ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｏｆ swimwear
history of ｓｗｉｍｗｅａｒ in
ｉｎ the
ｔｈｅUK.
ＵＫ．

14 . Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ
１４． A) They lovedｖａｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ
ｌｏｖｅｄ vacationingｏｎonｔｈｅ
the ｓｅａｓｈｏｒｅ．
seashore.
B) They had a unique notion of modesty.
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｄ ａ ｕｎｉｑｕｅ ｎｏｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｏｄｅｓｔｙ．
C) They
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅｙ wereｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｅｄ
ｗｅｒｅ prohibited from
ｆｒｏｍ swimming.
ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ．
D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Ｄ） Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｆｕｌｌｙ
fully dressed
ｄｒｅｓｓｅｄwhen
ｗｈｅｎ swimming.
ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ．

1 5 . Ａ）
１５． A) Ｓｈｅ
Sheｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ
designed ｌｏｔｓ
lots of
ｏｆ appropriate
ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅswimwear
ｓｗｉｍｗｅａｒ for
ｆｏｒwomen.
ｗｏｍｅｎ．

第
第 ２／１２页
2／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｏｎｃｅ
onceｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙ
successfully competed
ｃｏｍｐｅｔｅｄ against
ａｇａｉｎｓｔmen
ｍｅｎ inｉｎswimming.
ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗａｓ
wasｔｈｅ
theｆｉｒｓｔ
first woman to ｓｗｉｍ
ｗｏｍａｎ ｔｏ swimａｃｒｏｓｓ
across ｔｈｅ
the English
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ Channel.
Ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ．
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗａｓ
wasａｎanａｄｖｏｃａｔｅ
advocateｏｆofｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓ
women'sｒｉｇｈｔ
rightｔｏto ｓｗｉｍ
swimｉｎinｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｐｏｏｌｓ．
pools.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ；Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
Directions : In ｗｉｌｌwillｈｅａｒhear
section , you ｔｈｒｅｅthreeｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ ofｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓ
recordings lecturesｏｒorｔａｌｋｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
talks followed ｂｙ
by ｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｏｒ ｆｏｕｒ
or four
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｗｌｌ ｂｅ ｐｌａｙｅｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ
questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question , you must
choose ｔｈｅ
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ the best
ｂｅｓｔanswer from theｔｈｅ
ａｎｓｗｅｒｆｒｏｍ four choices
ｆｏｕｒ marked
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ A ) , BＡ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
ｍａｒｋｅｄ ) , C ) and DＤ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
) . Then ｍａｒｋ
mark ｔｈｅ
the
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Answer
letter on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
1 with a singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏ
to １８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

1 6 . Ａ）A)Ｂｕｉｌｄ
１６． Buildａ aｍａｃｈｉｎｅ
machineｔｈａｔ
thatｃａｎ
canｄｅｔｅｃｔ
detectｌｉｅｓ．
lies.
Ｂ）B)Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ
Developａ aｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ
magneticｂｒａｉｎ
brain ｓｃａｎｎｅｒ．
scanner.
-
Ｃ）C)Ｔｅｓｔ
Testｔｈｅ
theｃｒｅｄｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ
credibility of
ｏｆ court
ｃｏｕｒｔ evidence.
ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ．
Ｄ）D)Ｗｉｎ
Win people'sｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ completeｔｒｕｓｔ
trust ｉｎ
in them.
ｔｈｅｍ．

1 7 .Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
１７． They ａｒｅareｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｉｃ
optimisticａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｉｔｓitsｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ．
potential. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
They thinkｉｔitｉｓ
ｔｈｉｎｋ is ｂｕｔ
but business
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ promotion.
ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅare sceptical
ｓｃｅｐｔｉｃａｌ ｏｆ of
ｉｔｓitsｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ．
reliability. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
They celebrateｉｔit ｗｉｔｈ
ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅ with ｇｒｅａｔ
great enthusiasm.
ｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｍ．

1 8 .Ａ）Ｉｔ
１８． A)Itｉｓisｎｏｔ
notｔｏtoｂｅbeｔｒｕｓｔｅｄ
trustedａｔat ａｌｌ．
all. Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｍａｙ
mayｉｎｔｒｕｄｅ
intrudeｉｎｔｏ
into ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people's ｐｒｉｖａｃｙ．
privacy.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｄｏｅｓ
does not
ｎｏｔ sound
ｓｏｕｎｄ economical.
ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌ Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｍａｙ
mayｌｅａｄ
leadｔｏtoｏｖｅｒｕｓｅ
overuseｉｎinｃｏｕｒｔ
courtｔｒｉａｌｓ．
trials.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１９19ｔｏto ２１
21 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

1 9 . A)Ｍｏｓｔ
１９．Ａ） Most
ｏｆ of
ｉｔｓitsｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ
residents ｓｐｅａｋ
speak ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
several languages.
ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｏｍｅ
Someｏｆ of
ｉｔｓitsｉｎｄｉｇｅｎｏｕｓ
indigenous ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ
languages ａｒｅ
are ｄｙｉｎｇ
dying ｏｕｔ．
out.
Ｃ）C)Ｅａｃｈ
Each villageｔｈｅｒｅ
ｖｉｌｌａｇｅ thereｓｐｅａｋｓ
speaksａ aｔｏｔａｌｌｙ
totally ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different language.
ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ．
D) Itsｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ
Ｄ）Ｉｔｓ languagesｈａｖｅ
haveｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄ
interestedｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｔｈｅ
the world over.
ｗｏｒｌｄ ｏｖｅｒ．

20. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
２０．Ａ） They
ａｒｅareｓｐｒｅａｄ
spreadｒａｎｄｏｍｌｙ
randomlyａｃｒｏｓｓ
across ｔｈｅ
the world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｏｍｅ
Some
ａｒｅareｍｏｒｅ
more difficultｔｏtoｌｅａｒｎ
ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ learn ｔｈａｎ
than ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．
others.
Ｃ）C)Ｍｏｒｅ
Moreａｒｅareｆｏｕｎｄ
found
ｉｎ inｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ
tropicalｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ
regions ｔｈａｎ
than ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅ
the mild
ｍｉｌｄ zones.
ｚｏｎｅｓ．
D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ enrichａｎｄ
ｅｎｒｉｃｈ andｉｍｐａｃｔ
impactｅａｃｈ
eachｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｉｎ
in more
ｍｏｒｅ ways than one.
ｗａｙｓ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ．

2 1 . A) They
２１．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｕｓｅｄused differentｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ methods ｔｏ toｃｏｌｌｅｃｔ
collect ａｎｄ
andａｎａｌｙｚｅ
analyze ｄａｔａ．
data.
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ identified
ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ distinctｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ
ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔ patterns ｏｆofｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ
languageｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ．
distribution.
C) Their
Ｃ）Ｔｈｅｉｒ conclusionsｄｏdo
ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ ｎｏｔnotｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄ
correspond ｔｏ toｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ
original hypotheses.
ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｓｅｓ．
D) There
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ isｎｏ no conclusive
ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｖｅ account
ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｃａｕｓｅ
causeｏｆofｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ
languageｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ．
diversity.

第３／ １２页
第 3／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２２
22ｔｏto ２５
25 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
recording ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.

22.Ａ）A)Ｉｔｓ
２２． Its ｍｉｄｄｌｅ－ｃｌａｓｓ
middle-class ｉｓ
is disappearing
ｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇ．. Ｃ）C)Ｉｔｓ
Its ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ
population ｉｓ
is rapidly
ｒａｐｉｄｌｙ growing.
ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔｓItsｗｅａｌｔｈ
wealthｉｓisｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ
rationally ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ．
distributed. Ｄ）D)Ｉｔｓ
Its ｃｈｅｒｉｓｈｅｄ
cherished ｄｒｅａｍ
dream ｉｓ
is coming true.
ｃｏｍｉｎｇ ｔｒｕｅ．

２３．Ａ）
23 . A)Ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ
Successｗａｓ
wasｂｕｔ
butａ aｄｒｅａｍ
dreamｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｃｏｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｏｕｓ
conscientious ｅｆｆｏｒｔ
effort.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｒｅａｌｉｚｅ
realize ｔｈｅｉｒ
their dreams
ｄｒｅａｍｓ through
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ hard
ｈａｒｄ work.
ｗｏｒｋ．
Ｃ）C)ＡAｆｅｗ
fewｄｏｌｌａｒｓ
dollars ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｇｏ
go ａa long
ｌｏｎｇ way.
ｗａｙ．
D) Wealth
Ｄ）Ｗｅａｌｔｈ ｗａｓwas shared
ｓｈａｒｅｄ ｂｙ by
ａｌｌallｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ．
citizens.

24.Ａ）
２４． A)Ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
Better ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
workingｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ．
conditions. Ｃ）C)Ｈｉｇｈ
Highｓｏｃｉａｌ
socialｓｔａｔｕｓ．
status.
Ｂ）B)Ｂｅｔｅ－ｐａｙｉｎｇ
Better-payingｊｏｂｓ．
jobs. Ｄ）D)Ｆｕｌｌ
Full ｅｍｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔ．
employment.

25. Ａ）
２５． A)Ｒｅｄｕｃｅ
Reduceｔｈｅtheａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ
administrative ｃｏｓｔｓ．
costs. Ｃ）C)Ｈｉｒｅ
Hireｐａｒｔ－ｔｉｍｅ
part-time ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
employees ｏｎｌｙ．
only.
Ｂ）B)Ａｄｏｐｔ
Adoptｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ
effective ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｍｏｄｅｌｓ．
business models. Ｄ）D)Ｍａｋｅ
Makeｕｓｅuseｏｆ ofｔｈｅtheｌａｔｅｓｔ
latest ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
technology.

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ
Part III Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
Reading Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Comprehension (40 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
（４０ minutes)

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions : ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，
In this section ｔｈｅｒｅ
, thereｉｓis ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
withｔｅｎ
ten ｂｌａｎｋｓ
blanks.Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅareｒｅｑｙｕｉｒｅｄ
You requiredｔｏ
to ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ word
select one ｗｏｒｄ for
ｆｏｒ
ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｉｓｔ ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ ｂａｎｋ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
carefullyｂｅｆｏｒｅ
before ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｙｏｕｒ
yourｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．
choices. Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｂａｎｋ
bankｉｓisｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ
identified
ｂｙbyａ aｌｅｔｅｒ．Ｐｌｅａｓｅ
letter. Pleaseｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒeachｅａｃｈitemｉｔｅｍon ｏｎAnswer
letter for Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２2 ｗｉｔｈ
with aａ
ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ the
line through ｔｈｅ centre.
ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ
You may not ｕｓｅ ａｎｙ ｏｆof the
use any ｔｈｅ words
ｗｏｒｄｓ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅbank
ｂａｎｋ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ
ｏｎｃ．
once.

SurfingｔｈｅtheＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ
Ｓｕｒｆｉｎｇ Internetｄｕｒｉｎｇ
duringｃｌａｓｓ
classｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ
doesn'tｊｕｓｔ
just ｓｔｅａｌ
steal focus fromｔｈｅ
ｆｏｃｕｓ ｆｒｏｍ the ｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒ；
educator; ｉｔit also
ａｌｓｏ hurts
ｈｕｒｔｓ students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
ｗｈｏｒｅ
who'reａｌｒｅａｄｙ
already ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ
struggling toｔｏ ２６26ｔｈｅ the
ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ．
material.Ａ A
ｎｅｗnew
ｓｔｕｄｙ ｆｒｏｍfromＭｉｃｈｉｇａｎ
study Ｓｔａｔｅ
Michigan StateＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，
University,
ｔｈｏｕｇｈ，
though,ａｒｇｕｅｓ
arguesｔｈａｔ
that ａｌｌ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ—ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇhigh
all students-including ｈｉｇｈachievers-see
ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｒｓ—ｓｅｅaａdecline
ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅinｉｎperformance
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅwhen
ｗｈｅｎ they
ｔｈｅｙ
ｂｒｏｗｓｅ
browseｔｈｅ
theＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ
Internet ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
during ｃｌａｓｓ ｆｏｒnon-academic
class for ｎｏｎ－ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ purposes.
ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ．
ＴｏToｍｅａｓｕｒｅ
measureｔｈｅ
theｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ
effects ｏｆ
of Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ－ｂａｓｅｄ ｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ
Internet-based distractions ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
during class,ｃｌａｓｓ， ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers 27 ２７ 500
５００
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｔａｋｉｎｇ
taking ａｎ
an ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ class
introductory psychology ｃｌａｓｓatａｔMichigan
ＭｉｃｈｉｇａｎState
ＳｔａｔｅUniversity.
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｕｓｅｄACT
Researchers used ＡＣＴ
ｓｃｏｒｅｓ
scores ａｓ
as ａa ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ
measure ｏｆ
of ｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌ ２８ ． .Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
intellectual 28 Becauseｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ
previous ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
research ｈａｓ
has ｓｈｏｗｎ
shown ｔｈａｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ with
that people ｗｉｔｈ
ｈｉｇｈ
highｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌ
intellectual ａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ
abilities areａｒｅbetter
ｂｅｔｔｅｒat ａｔ 29２９ ｏｕｔoutｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ，
distractions, ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ students
researchers believed ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ with
ｗｉｔｈ high
ｈｉｇｈ
ＡＣＴ
ACTｓｃｏｒｅｓ
scoresｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｎｏｔ
notｓｈｏｗ
showａ a３０ ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ ｉｎ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ
30 decrease ｄｕｅ ｔｏ
in performance dueｔｈｅｉｒ ｕｓｅuseｏｆofｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
to their ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ．Ｂｕｔ
digital devices. But
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｗｈｏ
whoｓｕｒｆｅｄ
surfedｔｈｅ
the ｗｅｂ
webｄｕｒｉｎｇ
duringｃｌａｓｓ
class ｄｉｄ
did ｗｏｒｓｅ
worse ｏｎonｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｅｘａｍｓ
examsｒｅｇａｒｄｌｅｓｓ
regardless ｏｆ ｔｈｅｉｒACT
of their ＡＣＴ ｓｃｏｒｅｓ，
scores,
ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇ
suggestingｔｈａｔ
that ｅｖｅｎ
evenｔｈｅ
the ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃａｌｌｙ
academicallyｓｍａｒｔｅｓｔ
smartestｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ａｒｅ
are ｈａｒｍｅｄ
harmedｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｈｅｙ＇ｒｅ
they'reｄｉｓｔｒａｃｔｅｄ
distractedｉｎ
in ｃｌａｓｓ．
class.
Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
Collegeｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors ａｒｅ
are ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ
increasingly ＿３１＿
3 1 ａｌａｒｍ ｂｅｌｌｓ
alarm bellsａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ
effects ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅｓ，
smartphones, ｌａｐｔｏｐｓ，
laptops,
ａｎｄ
andｔａｂｌｅｔｓ ｈａｖｅonｏｎ academic
tablets have ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃperformance.
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ．One
Ｏｎｅ20２０１３ ｓｔｕｄｙofｏｆcollege
1 3 study ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ｆｏｕｎｄ
found that ｔｈａｔ
80% ８０？
of
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｕｓｅ
useｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐｈｏｎｅｓ
phonesｏｒorｌａｐｔｏｐｓ
laptops ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
duringｃｌａｓｓ，
class, ｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｈｅ
the ａｖｅｒａｇｅ
average ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
student ｃｈｅｃｋｉｎｇ
checkingｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digital

第第 ４／ １２页
4／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
ｄｅｖｉｃｅ
device１１1 1ｔｉｍｅｓ
timesｉｎin ａa ３２ 32
ｃｌａｓｓ．Ａclass.
ｑｕａｒｔｅｒ ｏｆ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
A quarter ｒｅｐｏｒｔ
of students ｔｈａｔthat
report ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｕｓｅ
useｏｆofｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digital ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
devices during
ｃｌａｓｓ
class ｃａｕｓｅｓ ｔｈｅｉｒgrades
causes their ｇｒａｄｅｓto ｔｏ 33＿３３
Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
Professors ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ
sometimes ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ
implementｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ toｔｏ ３４34 ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｕｓｅ
policies designed ｏｆ ofｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
students' use digital ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ， ａｎｄ
devices, and
some instructors even iR:�� ) tablets and phones. In a world where people
ｓｏｍｅ ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｏｒｓ ｅｖｅｎ ｃｏｎｆｉｓｃａｔｅ（没收）ｔａｂｌｅｔｓ ａｎｄ ｐｈｏｎｅｓ．Ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｌｄ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ａｒｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ
confiscate ( are increasingly
ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐｈｏｎｅｓ， ｔｈｏｕｇｈ， ｓｕｃｈ ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｆａｉｌ． Ｏｎｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ８４％
dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84%
ｏｆ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｓａｙ ｔｈｅｙ ｃｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ ｇｏ ａ ｄａｙ ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅｓ．Ｕｎｔｉｌ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｒｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ３５ ｔｈｅ
of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to 35 the
ｐｕｌｌ
pull ｏｆ
of ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ， ｔｅｘｔｉｎｇ，
social networking, ａｎｄ endlessly
texting, and ｅｎｄｌｅｓｓｌｙ surfing
ｓｕｒｆｉｎｇthe
ｔｈｅweb,
ｗｅｂ， they
ｔｈｅｙ may
ｍａｙ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ
continue ｔｏto ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ
struggle ｉｎ
in
ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ．
their classes.

Ａ）A) ａｐｔｉｔｕｄｅ
aptitude Ｄ）I) ｏｂｓｃｕｒｅ
obscure
Ｂ）B) ｅｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎ
eradication Ｊ）J) ｏｂｓｅｓｓ
obsess
Ｃ）C)ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｄ
evaluated Ｋ）K)ｒａｉｓｉｎｇ
raising
Ｄ）D)ｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｅｄ
evaporated Ｌ）L) ｒｅｉｓｔ
resist
Ｅ）E)ｆｉｌｔｅｒｉｎｇ
filtering Ｍ）M)ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ
significant
Ｆ）F) ｇｒａｓｐ
grasp Ｎ）N) ｓｕｆｅｒ
suffer
Ｇ H)G)ｌｅｇａｃｙ
legacy Ｏ）0)ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ
typical
Ｈ） ｍｉｎｉｍｚｅ
mm1m1Ze

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ
Directions : In thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
section , youａｒｅ
areｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｒｅａｄ
readａaｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｅｎ
ten ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ toｏ ｉｔ．
statements attached Ｅａｃｈ
it. Each
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
statementｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
informationｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｎ
in ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ ｔｈｅ paragraphs.
of the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ． Identif
Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙy theｔｈｅparagraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈfrom
ｆｒｏｍ
ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｔｈｅ
the ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ derived.
information is ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．YouＹｏｕmay
ｍａｙ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅaａparagraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ once.
ｏｎｃｅ． Each
Ｅａｃｈ
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓ isｍａｒｋｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈwithａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．
a letter. Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Answerｔｈｅ
theｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｂｙ
by ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
markingｔｈｅ
theｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter
ｏｎon Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
AnswerＳｈｅｅｔ
Sheet ２．
2.

ＡAＰｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ
Pioneering Ｗｏｍａｎ
Woman ｏｆ ofＳｄｉｅｎｃｅ
ScienceＲｅ－ｅｍｅｒｇｅｓ
Re-emergesａｆｔｅｒ ３００ Years
after 300 Ｙｅａｒｓ

［Ａ］[A]Ｍａｒｉａ
MariaＳｉｂｙｌｌａ
Sibylla Ｍｅｒｉａｎ， ｌｉｋｅmany
Merian, like ｍａｎｙ European
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｗｏｍｅｎ
womenｏｆofｔｈｅ
the １７ｔｈ
1 7th ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ， ｓｔａｙｅｄbusy
century, stayed ｂｕｓｙmanaging
ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ aａ
ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄ
householdａｎｄ
andｒｅａｒｉｎｇ
rearing ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ． Ｂｕｔ on
children. But ｏｎ top
ｔｏｐ ofｏｆthat,
ｔｈａｔ，Merian,
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ，a German-born
ａ Ｇｅｒｍａｎ－ｂｏｒｎwoman
ｗｏｍａｎ ｗｈｏ
whoｌｉｖｅｄ
lived ｉｎ
in
ｔｈｅtheＮｅｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄｓ，ａｌｓｏ ｍａｎａｇｅｄ
Netherlands, also ａ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ
managed ｃａｒｅｅｒ
a successful ａｓ ａｎas ａｒｔｉｓｔ，
career an artist,ｂｏｔａｎｉｓｔ，
botanist, ｎａｔｕｒａｌｉｓｔ ａｎｄ entomologist
naturalist and ｅｎｔｏｍｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ
（昆虫学家）．
( tt. � � � ).

［Ｂ］＂Ｓｈｅ ｗａｓwas
[B] " She ａ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔ
a scientistｏｎonｔｈｅ
theｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｗｉｔｈ
with ａa ｌｏｔ ｏｆ people
lot of ｐｅｏｐｌｅ we
ｗｅｓｐｅｎｄ
spendａ aｌｏｔ
lot ｏｆ ｔｉｍｅ talking
of time ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ about,"
ａｂｏｕｔ，＂ｓａｉｄ
said
ＫａｙKayＥｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ，
Etheridge, ａa ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ ａｔ Gettysburg
biologist at Ｇｅｔｔｙｓｂｕｒｇ College
Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ inｉｎPennsylvania
Ｐｅｎｎｓｙｌｖａｎｉａwho
ｗｈｏ has
ｈａｓ been
ｂｅｅｎ ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
studying the
ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙofｏｆMerian's
scientific history Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓwork.
ｗｏｒｋ．＂Ｓｈｅ
" She ｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ ｄｏ asａｓmuch
didn't do ｍｕｃｈ toｔｏ change
ｃｈａｎｇｅ biology
ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ asａｓ Charles
ＣｈａｒｌｅｓDarwin,
Ｄａｒｗｉｎ，
ｂｕｔbutｓｈｅsheｗａｓwasｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ．＂
significant."

[C]ＡｔAtａ aｔｉｍｅ
［Ｃ］ timeｗｈｅｎ
whenｎａｔｕｒａｌ
naturalｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
history ｗａｓ
wasａ aｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ
valuableｔｏｏｌ
tool ｆｏｒ
for ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙ，
discovery, Merian discovered ｆａｃｔｓ
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ facts about
ａｂｏｕｔ
ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants ａｎｄ
andｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ
insects ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ not
that were ｎｏｔ previously
ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙ known.
ｋｎｏｗｎ． Ｈｅｒ
Her ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ
observations ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｄｉｓｍｉｓｓ
dismiss ｔｈｅ ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ
the popular

第
第 ５／１２页
5／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 ｂｅｌｉｅｆ
belief ｔｈａｔ ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓspontaneously
that insects ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙemerged
ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄfrom
ｆｒｏｍmud.
ｍｕｄ． The
Ｔｈｅ knowledge
ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ ｓｈｅ
she ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｏｖｅｒ decades
collected over ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ
didn'tｊｕｓｔ
ｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ just ｓａｔｉｓｆｙ
satisfy those
ｔｈｏｓｅ curious
ｃｕｒｉｏｕｓ about
ａｂｏｕｔ nature,
ｎａｔｕｒｅ， but
ｂｕｔ also
ａｌｓｏprovided
ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ valuable
ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ insights
ｉｎｓｉｇｈｔｓ into
ｉｎｔｏmedicine
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ
ａｎｄandｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ．
science.ＳｈｅShe
ｗａｓwas
ｔｈｅthe
ｆｉｒｓｔ
firstｔｏtoｂｒｉｎｇ
bringｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ
togetherｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ
insectsａｎｄ
andｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｈａｂｉｔａｔｓ， ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ food
habitats, including ｆｏｏｄ they
ｔｈｅｙ ａｔｅ，
ate,
ｉｎｔｏ
into ａa ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ．
ecological composition.

［Ｄ］[D]Ａｆｔｅｒ
Afterｙｅａｒｓ
years ｏｆofｐｌｅａｓｉｎｇ
pleasing ａa ｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｅｄ ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ across
fascinated audience ａｃｒｏｓｓ Europe
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ ｗｉｔｈ
with ｂｏｏｋｓ
booksｏｆofｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ
detailed ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ
descriptions
ａｎｄandｌｉｆｅ－ｓｉｚｅ
life-size ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ
paintings ｏｆ
of ｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ，inｉｎ1 699
familiar insects, １６９９ she
ｓｈｅ sailed
ｓａｉｌｅｄwith
ｗｉｔｈherｈｅｒdaughter
ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒnearly
ｎｅａｒｌｙ5,000
５，０００ miles
ｍｉｌｅｓ
fromｔｈｅ
ｆｒｏｍ theＮｅｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄｓ
Netherlandsｔｏto Ｓｏｕｔｈ
South Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ
Americaｔｏtoｓｔｕｄｙ
studyｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ
insects in
ｉｎ the
ｔｈｅjungles
ｊｕｎｇｌｅｓofｏｆwhat
ｗｈａｔis ｉｓnow
ｎｏｗknown
ｋｎｏｗｎ as
ａｓ
Ｓｕｒｉｎａｍｅ．
Suriname.Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗａｓ
was５２52ｙｅａｒｓ
yearsｏｌｄ．
old.Ｔｈｅ
Theｒｅｓｕｌｔ
resultｗａｓ
wasｈｅｒ
herｍａｓｔｅｒｐｉｅｃｅ，
masterpiece, Ｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ
Metamorphosi,s Ｉｎｓｅｃｔｏｒｕｍ
Insectorum
Ｓｕｒｉｎａｍｅｎｓｉｕｍ．
Surinamensium .

［Ｅ］Ｉｎ
[E] Inｈｅｒ
herｗｏｒｋ，ｓｈｅ ｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄ
work, she revealedａ aｓｉｄｅ
sideｏｆofｎａｔｕｒｅ
natureｓｏsoｅｘｏｔｉｃ， ｄｒａｍａｔｉｃ and
exotic, dramatic ａｎｄ ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ ｔｏ Europeans
valuable to Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of the
ｔｉｍｅ
timeｔｈａｔ
that ｓｈｅ
she ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ
received ｍｕｃｈ
muchａｃｃｌａｉｍ．
acclaim.Ｂｕｔ
Butａ aｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ
centuryｌａｔｅｒ，
later, ｈｅｒ
her ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ
findings ｃａｍｅ
cameｕｎｄｅｒ
underｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ
scientific
criticism. Shoddy ( �JI.� a!J ) reproductions ｏｆ
ｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ．Ｓｈｏｄｄｙ（粗糙的）ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ of ｈｅｒ
her work along ｗｉｔｈ
ｗｏｒｋ ａｌｏｎｇ with ｓｅｔｂａｃｋｓ
setbacks to
ｔｏ women's roles in
ｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓ ｒｏｌｅｓ ｉｎ
１８ｔｈ－
1 8th-ａｎｄ
and１９ｔｈ－ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ
1 9th-centuryＥｕｒｏｐｅ
Europeｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄ
resulted ｉｎin ｈｅｒ
her ｅｆｆｏｒｔｓ ｂｅｉｎｇ largely
efforts being ｌａｒｇｅｌｙforgotten.
ｆｏｒｇｏｔｔｅｎ．＂Ｉｔ ｗａｓ kind
" It was ｋｉｎｄ ofｏｆ
stunningｗｈｅｎ
ｓｔｕｎｎｉｎｇ whenｓｈｅsheｓｏｒｔ
sortｏｆofｄｒｏｐｐｅｄ
dropped
ｏｆｆoff oblivion ( it. ;t. )," said Dr.
intoｏｂｌｉｖｉｏｎ（遗忘），＂＂ｓａｉｄ
ｉｎｔｏ Ｄｒ． Etheridge. " Victorians
Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ．＂Ｖｉｃｔｏｒｉａｎｓ
ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ
started ｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ
putting ｗｏｍｅｎ
women ｉｎ inａ ｂｏｘ， ａｎｄand
a box, ｔｈｅｙ＇ｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ
they're still ｔｒｙｉｎｇ
trying ｔｏ
to ｃｒａｗｌ
crawl ｏｕｔ
out ｏｆ
of ｉｔ．＂
it."

[F]Ｔｏｄａｙ，
［Ｆ］ Today,ｔｈｅ
theｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ
pioneering ｗｏｍａｎ
womanｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ
sciencesｈａｓ
hasｒｅ－ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ．Ｉｎ
re-emerged. In recent
ｒｅｃｅｎｔ years,ｆｅｍｉｎｉｓｔｓ，
ｙｅａｒｓ， feminists, ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉａｎｓ
historians
andａｒｔｉｓｔｓ
ａｎｄ artists ｈａｖｅ
haveａｌｌ
allｐｒａｉｓｅｄ
praisedＭｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓｔｅｎａｃｉｔｙ（坚韧），
Merian's tenacity( �.sfiJJ ), ｔａｌｅｎｔ
talent and inspirational ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ
ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎａｌ artistic compositions.
ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ．
Andｎｏｗnow
Ａｎｄ biologistsｌｉｋｅ
ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓ likeＤｒ．
Dr.Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridgeａｒｅ
areｄｉｇｇｉｎｇ
diggingｉｎｔｏ intoｔｈｅ
theｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ
scientific texts
ｔｅｘｔｓthat
ｔｈａｔaccompanied
ａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄ her
ｈｅｒ
ａｒｔ．
art. Ｔｈｒｅｅ
Three ｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ
hundredｙｅａｒｓ
yearsａｆｔｅｒ
after ｈｅｒ
her ｄｅａｔｈ， Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｗｉｌｌ
death, Merian will be ｂｅ celebrated
ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅｄ atａｔanａｎinternational
ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌsymposium
ｓｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍ
in Amsterdam this
ｉｎ Ａｍｓｔｅｒｄａｍ ｔｈｉｓ Ｊｕｎｅ． June.

［Ｇ］
[G] Ａｎｄ
Andｌａｓｔ
last ｍｏｎｔｈ，Ｍｅａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ Ｉｎｓｅｃｔｏｒｕｍ
month, Metamorphosi,s InsectorumＳｕｒｉｎａｍｅｎｓｉｕｍ ｗａｓwasｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ．Ｉｔ
Surinamensium republished. Itｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contains ６０
60 ｐｌａｔｅｓ
plates
(� 00 ) andｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ
（插图）ａｎｄ originalｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ，
descriptions, along
ａｌｏｎｇ with stories about
ｗｉｔｈ ｓｔｏｒｉｅｓ Merian's ｌｉｆｅ
ａｂｏｕｔ Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ life and updatedｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ
ａｎｄ ｕｐｄａｔｅｄ scientific
ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｅｆｏｒｅ writing
descriptions. Before ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇMetamorphosi,s
Ｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ，, Merian
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ spent
ｓｐｅｎｔdecades
ｄｅｃａｄｅｓdocumenting
ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ European
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｐｌａｎｔｓ
plants
ａｎｄandｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ
insects ｔｈａｔ
that ｓｈｅ
she ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
published ｉｎ
in ａa ｓｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ books.
series of ｂｏｏｋｓ． She
Ｓｈｅ ｂｅｇａｎ
began ｉｎin ｈｅｒ
her ２０ｓ，
20s, ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｔｅｘｔｌｅｓｓ，
textless,
ｄｅｃｏｒａｔｉｖｅ
decorative ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ flowers
paintings of ｆｌｏｗｅｒｓ with
ｗｉｔｈ insects.
ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ．＂Ｔｈｅｎ
" Then ｓｈｅ
sheｇｏｔ
gotｒｅａｌｌｙ
really ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ，＂Ｄｒ．
serious," Dr. Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridge ｓａｉｄ．
said.
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
Merianｓｔａｒｔｅｄ
startedｒａｉｓｉｎｇ
raising ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ ａｔ home,
insects at ｈｏｍｅ， ｍｏｓｔｌｙ
mostlyｂｕｔｔｅｒｆｌｉｅｓ ａｎｄ caterpillars.
butterflies and ｃａｔｅｒｐｉｌｌａｒｓ．＂Ｓｈｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｓｉｔ
" She would sit ｕｐ
up ａｌｌ
all
nightｕｎｔｉｌ
ｎｉｇｈｔ until they
ｔｈｅｙ came out ｏｆ
ｃａｍｅ ｏｕｔ of the
ｔｈｅ pupa (� ) so she
ｐｕｐａ（蛹）ｓｏ ｓｈｅ could
ｃｏｕｌｄ draw them," she ｓａｉｄ．
ｄｒａｗ ｔｈｅｍ，＂ｓｈｅ said.

［Ｈ］
[H]Ｔｈｅ
Theｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ
resultsｏｆofｈｅｒ
her ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ＇ｗｏｒｔｈ
decades' worthｏｆofｃａｒｅｆｕｌ
carefulｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ
observationsｗｅｒｅ
wereｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ
detailed ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ
paintings ａｎｄ
and ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ
descriptions
ｏｆofＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎ
Europeanｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ，
insects, ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
followedｂｙbyｕｎｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ
unconventionalｖｉｓｕａｌｓ
visualsａｎｄ
andｓｔｏｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ insects
stories of ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓand
ａｎｄ animals
ａｎｉｍａｌｓ from
ｆｒｏｍ aａ
ｌａｎｄ
landｔｈａｔ
that ｍｏｓｔ
mostａｔat ｔｈｅ
the ｔｉｍｅ
time ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｏｎｌｙ
only ｉｍａｇｉｎｅ．
imagine. Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅMerian
It's possible Ｍｅｒｉａｎ used
ｕｓｅｄ aａ magnifying
ｍａｇｎｉｆｙｉｎｇ ｇｌａｓｓ ｔｏ
glass to
captureｔｈｅ
ｃａｐｔｕｒｅ the ｄｅｔａｉｌ
detail of
ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅ split
ｓｐｌｉｔtongues
ｔｏｎｇｕｅｓofｏｆsphinx
ｓｐｈｉｎｘmoths (.Ji.If � Jt .JiJr 1:. �) depictedｉｎin ｔｈｅ
ｍｏｔｈｓ（斯芬克斯飞蛾）ｄｅｐｉｃｔｅｄ the ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇ．
painting.
Sheｗｒｏｔｅ
Ｓｈｅ wroteｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ｔｗｏ
two ｔｏｎｇｕｅｓ
tongues ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅ
combineｔｏto ｆｏｒｍ
formｏｎｅ
oneｔｕｂｅtubeｆｏｒforｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｇ
drinking ｎｅｃｔａｒ（花蜜）．
nectar ( 1t � ). Some
Ｓｏｍｅ
ｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｚｅｄ ｔｈｉｓ ｄｅｔａｉｌ ｌａｔｅｒ，ｓａｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓ ｊｕｓｔ ｏｎｅ ｔｏｎｇｕｅ， ｂｕｔ Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｗａｓｎ＇ｔ ｗｒｏｎｇ． Ｓｈｅmay
criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She ｍａｙ
haveｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ
ｈａｖｅ observedｔｈｅ
theａｄｕｌｔ
adult ｍｏｔｈ
mothｊｕｓｔ
just ａｓ
as it
ｉｔ emerged
ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ from its ｐｕｐａ．
ｆｒｏｍ ｉｓ pupa. For
Ｆｏｒ ａa brief
ｂｒｉｅｆ moment during ｔｈａｔ
ｍｏｍｅｎｔ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ that
ｓｔａｇｅ
stageｏｆofｉｔｓ
its ｌｉｆｅ ｃｙｃｌｅ，theｔｈｅtongue
life cycle, ｔｏｎｇｕｅ consists
ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓofｏｆtwo
ｔｗｏ tiny
ｔｉｎｙhalf-tubes
ｈａｌｆ－ｔｕｂｅｓbefore
ｂｅｆｏｒｅmerging
ｍｅｒｇｉｎｇ into
ｉｎｔｏ one.
ｏｎｅ．

第６／１２页
第 6／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 [I] Ｉｔ
［Ｉ］ It may not ｈａｖｅ
ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ have ｂｅｅｎ
been ｌａｄｙｌｉｋｅ
ladylike to
ｔｏ depict
ｄｅｐｉｃｔa ａgiant
ｇｉａｎｔspider devouring
ｓｐｉｄｅｒ ｄｅｖｏｕｒｉｎｇa hummingbird,
ａ ｈｕｍｍｉｎｇｂｉｒｄ，butｂｕｔwhen
ｗｈｅｎMerian
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
didｉｔit ａｔ
ｄｉｄ at ｔｈｅ
the ｔｕｒｎ
turn ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the １８ｔｈ
1 8th ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，
century, ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｉｎｇｌｙ，
surprisingly, nobody objected. Ｄｒ．
ｎｏｂｏｄｙ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｅｄ． Dr. Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridge ｃａｌｌｅｄ
called ｉｔ
it
ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙ．
revolutionary. Ｔｈｅ
The ｉｍａｇｅ，
image,ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichａｌｓｏ
alsoｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄ
containedｎｏｖｅｌ
novelｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ
descriptions ｏｆ
of ａｎｔｓ， ｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｅｄaａEuropean
ants, fascinated Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ
ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｏｔｉｃ ｓｔｏｒｙ ｕｎｆｏｌｄｉｎｇ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ ofｏｆ
audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender
ｔｈｅ
the ｐｅｒｓｏｎ
person ｗｈｏ
whoｐａｉｎｔｅｄ
paintedｉｔ．
it.

［Ｊ］＂Ａｌｌ
[J] " Allｏｆof
ｔｈｅｓｅ
theseｔｈｉｎｇｓ
thingsｓｈｏｏｋ
shookｕｐupｔｅｉｒ
theirｎｉｃｅ，
nice,ｎｅａｔ
neat ｉｔｔｌｅｖｉｅｗ，，＂Ｄｒ．
little view," Dr. Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridge ｓａｉｄ．Ｂｕｔ
said. Butｌａｔｅｒ， ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ofｏｆ
later, people
ｔｈｅtheＶｉｃｔｏｒｉａｎ
Victorian ｅｒａ
era ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ
thought ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ． Ｈｅｒwork
differently. Her ｗｏｒｋ had
ｈａｄ been
ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ，
reproduced, ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ
sometimes ｉｎｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｌｙ．
incorrectly. AＡ
ｆｅｗ
fewｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ
observations ｗｅｒｅ
were ｄｅｅｍｅｄ
deemedｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ．＂Ｓｈｅ＇ｄ
impossible. " She'dｂｅｅｎ
beenｃａｌｌｅｄ
calledａ aｓｉｌｌｙ ｗｏｍａｎ ｆｏｒ
silly woman forｓａｙｉｎｇ
saying ｔｈａｔ
that aａ
ｓｐｉｄｅｒ
spider ｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｅａｔ
eat ａa bird,"
ｂｉｒｄ，＂Ｄｒ．Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Dr. Etheridgeｓａｉｄ．Ｂｕｔ
said. ButＨｅｎｒｙ
HenryＷａｌｔｅｒ
WalterＢａｔｅｓ，
Bates,ａa ｆｒｉｅｎｄ ｏｆ Charles
friend of Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ Darwin,
Ｄａｒｗｉｎ，
ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ
observedｉｔit ａｎｄ
andｐｕｔ
put ｉｔ ｉｎ book
it in ｂｏｏｋ inｉｎ 1１８６３， ｐｒｏｖｉｎｇ Merian
863 , proving Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｗａｓ
was ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ．
correct.

[K]ＩｎInｔｈｅ
［Ｋ］ the ｓａｍｅ
sameｐｌａｔｅ，Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
plate, Merianｄｅｐｉｃｔｅｄ
depictedａｎｄ
andｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄ
describedｌｅａｆ－ｃｕｔｔｅｒ
leaf-cutter ａｎｔｓ
ants for
ｆｏｒ the
ｔｈｅ first
ｆｉｒｓｔtime. " In America
ｔｉｍｅ．＂Ｉｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ
ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ
are ｌａｒｇｅ ａｎｔｓ which
large ants ｗｈｉｃｈ can
ｃａｎ eat
ｅａｔ whole
ｗｈｏｌｅ ｔｒｅｅｓ ｂａｒｅ asａｓ aａ broom
trees bare ｂｒｏｏｍ ｈａｎｄｌｅ
handle ｉｎin ａa ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｎｉｇｈｔ，＂ｓｈｅ
single night," she
ｗｒｏｔｅ
wroteｉｎinｔｈｅ
the ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ． Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｎｏｔｅｄ
description. Merian noted ｈｏｗ
howｔｈｅ
the ａｎｔｓ
ants ｔｏｏｋ
took ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｖｅｓ below
the leaves ｂｅｌｏｗ ｇｒｏｕｎｄ
ground ｔｏ
to ｔｈｅｉｒ ｙｏｕｎｇ．
their young.
Andｓｈｅsheｗｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ
Ａｎｄ wouldn't have
ｈａｖｅ known
ｋｎｏｗｎ ｔｈｉｓthis at the
ａｔ ｔｈｅ time,ｂｕｔ
ｔｉｍｅ， butｔｈｅ
the ａｎｔｓ
ants ｕｓｅ
use ｔｈｅ
the ｌｅａｖｅｓ
leaves ｔｏ
to ｆａｒｍ
farm ｆｕｎｇｉ（菌类）
fungi ( i° � )
ｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ
undergroundｔｏtoｆｅｅｄ
feedｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ
developing ｂａｂｉｅｓ．
babies.

［Ｌ］[L]Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
Merianｗａｓwas
ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ ａｂｏｕｔ
correct ｔｈｅtheｇｉａｎｔ
about giantｂｉｒｄ－ｅａｔｉｎｇ
bird-eatingｓｐｉｄｅｒｓ，
spiders, ａｎｔｓ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ bridges
ants building ｂｒｉｄｇｅｓ with
ｗｉｔｈ their
ｔｈｅｉｒbodies
ｂｏｄｉｅｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｄｅｔａｉｌｓ．Ｂｕｔ
details. Butｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｓａｍｅ
sameｄｒａｗｉｎｇ，
drawing,ｓｈｅ
sheｉｎｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｌｙ
incorrectly ｌｕｍｐｅｄ
lumpedｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ
togetherａｒｍｙ
armyａｎｄ
andｌｅａｆ－ｃｕｔｔｅｒ
leaf-cutter ａｎｔｓ．
ants.
Ａｎｄ
Andｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
insteadｏｆofｓｈｏｗｉｎｇ ｊｕｓｔ
showing justｔｈｅ
theｔｙｐｉｃａｌ
typical ｐａｉｒ ｏｆ eggs
pair of ｅｇｇｓ inｉｎaａhummingbird
ｈｕｍｍｉｎｇｂｉｒｄ ｎｅｓｔ， ｓｈｅpainted
nest, she ｐａｉｎｔｅｄfour.
ｆｏｕｒ．Ｓｈｅ
She
ｍａｄｅ
madeｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ
mistakesｉｎinＭｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ
MetamorphosisＩｎｓｅｃｔｏｒｕｍ
/nsectorum Ｓｕｒｉｎａｍｅｎｓｉｕｍ
Surinamensiumａｓasｗｅｌｌ：
well: ｎｏｔ
not ｅｖｅｒｙ
everyｃａｔｅｒｐｉｌａｒ
caterpillar
ａｎｄandｂｕｔｔｅｒｆｌｙ ｍａｔｃｈｅｄ．
butterfly matched.

［Ｍ］[M]Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ ｏｎｅone
Perhaps ｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ for
explanation ｈｅｒher
ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ ｉｓ isｔｈａｔthatｓｈｅsheｃｕｔcutｓｈｏｒｔ
mistakes shortｈｅｒ
herＳｕｒｉｎａｍｅ
Surinameｔｒｉｐtripａｆｔｅｒ
after ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ
getting ｓｉｃｋ，
sick,
ａｎｄandｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄ
completedｔｈｅ
the ｂｏｏｋ
book ａｔ ｈｏｍｅ ｉｎin Amsterdam.
at home Ａｍｓｔｅｒｄａｍ．Ａｎｄ
Andｅｒｒｏｒｓ
errors ａｒｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ａｍｏｎｇ
are common amongｓｏｍｅ ｏｆofｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ＇ｓ
some history's
ｍｏｓｔ－ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅｄ
most-celebrated ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｍｉｎｄｓ，too.
scientific minds, ｔｏｏ．＂Ｔｈｅｓｅ ｅｒｒｏｒｓnoｎｏ more
" These errors ｍｏｒｅ ｉｎｖａｌｉｄａｔｅ Ｍｓ． Merian's
invalidate Ms. Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ work
ｗｏｒｋ than
ｔｈａｎ
ｄｏdoｗｅｌｌ－ｋｎｏｗｎ
well-knownｍｉｓｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｓ
misconceptions ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｂｙ Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ
published by Ｄａｒｗｉｎ ｏｒ
Charles Darwin Ｉｓａａｃ Newton,"
or Isaac Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ，＂Ｄｒ．
Dr. Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridge
ｗｒｏｔｅ
wroteｉｎinａa ｐａｐｅｒ
paper ｔｈａｔ ａｒｇｕｅｄ that
that argued ｔｈａｔ too
ｔｏｏmany
ｍａｎｙ have
ｈａｖｅ ｗｒｏｎｇｌｙ
wrongly ｆｏｃｕｓｅｄ
focused ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ
mistakes ｏｆ ｈｅｒ work.
of her ｗｏｒｋ．
[N]Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ
［Ｎ］ Merian'sｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ
paintings ｉｎｓｐｉｒｅｄ
inspired ａｒｔｉｓｔｓ
artists and
ａｎｄecologists.
ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓ．In Ｉｎan ａｎ1 80１８０１
1 drawing
ｄｒａｗｉｎｇ from
ｆｒｏｍ his
ｈｉｓ book,
ｂｏｏｋ， Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ
General
Ｚｏｏｏｇｙ
ZoologyＡｍｐｈｉｂｉａ，Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ Ｓｈａｗ，
Amphibia, George ａｎ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ
Shaw, ｂｏｔａｎｉｓｔ
an English botanistａｎｄand
ｚｏｏｌｏｇｉｓｔ，
zoologist, ｃｒｅｄｉｔｅｄ Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｆｏｒ
credited Merian for
ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇ
describing ａa ｆｒｏｇ ｉｎ the
frog in ｔｈｅ account
ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ ofｏｆher
ｈｅｒSouth
Ｓｏｕｔｈ American
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｅｘｐｅｄｉｔｉｏｎ， ａｎｄ named
expedition, and ｎａｍｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｙｏｕｎｇ ｔｒｅｅ
the young tree
ｆｒｏｇ
frogａｆｔｅｒ
afterｈｅｒ
herｉｎinｈｉｓ
his ｐｏｒｔｒａｙａｌ
portrayal ｏｆofｉｔ．
it. ItＩｔwouldn't
ｗｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ beｂｅ fair
ｆａｉｒ toｔｏgive
ｇｉｖｅ Merian
Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ａｌｌ ｔｈｅ credit.
all the ｃｒｅｄｉｔ．She
Ｓｈｅ received
ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ
ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｎａｍｉｎｇ ｐｌａｎｔｓ，
assistance naming ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｋｅｔｃｈｅｓ
plants, making sketches ａｎｄ
and ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ work
referencing the ｗｏｒｋ ｏｆof ｏｔｈｅｒｓ． Ｈｅｒ ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒｓ
others. Her daughters
ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helpedｈｅｒ
herｃｏｌｏｒ
color ｈｅｒ
her ｄｒａｗｉｎｇｓ．
drawings.

[O] Merian
［Ｏ］Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ａｌｓｏalsoｍａｄｅ
made
ｎｏｔｅnote
ｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｈｅｌｐ
helpｓｈｅ
sheｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ
receivedｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
theｎａｔｉｖｅｓ
natives ｏｆ
of Suriname,
Ｓｕｒｉｎａｍｅ，ａｓasｗｅｌｌ
well ａｓ
as ｓｌａｖｅｓ
slaves or
ｏｒ
ｓｅｒｖａｎｔｓ
servantsｔｈａｔ
that ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄ ｈｅｒ．Ｉｎ
assisted her. ｓｏｍｅ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅｓ
In some ｓｈｅ wrote
instances she ｗｒｏｔｅ moving
ｍｏｖｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｔｈａｔ
that ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ
included ｈｅｒ
her ｈｅｌｐｅｒｓ
helpers
ｉｎin ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｓ
descriptions. As ｓｈｅ
she ｗｒｏｔｅ
wrote ｉｎ
in ｈｅｒ ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎofｏｆtheｔｈｅpeacock
her description ｐｅａｃｏｃｋflower,
ｆｌｏｗｅｒ，＂Ｔｈｅ Ｉｎｄｉａｎｓ， who
" The Indians, ｗｈｏ ａｒｅ ｎｏｔ
are not

第
第 ７／１２页
7／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ
treated ｗｅｌｌ
well ｂｙ
byｔｈｅｉｒ
their Ｄｕｔｃｈ
Dutchｍａｓｔｅｒｓ，
masters,ｕｓｅ
useｔｈｅ
theｓｅｅｄｓ
seedsｔｏtoａｂｏｒｔ
abortｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ，
children, ｓｏ
so ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ will
that they ｗｉｌｌ not
ｎｏｔ
ｂｅｃｏｍｅ
becomeｓｌａｖｅｓ
slavesｌｉｋｅ
like ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ． Ｔｈｅ black
themselves. The ｂｌａｃｋ slaves
ｓｌａｖｅｓfrom
ｆｒｏｍGuinea
Ｇｕｉｎｅａand
ａｎｄAngola
Ａｎｇｏｌａ have
ｈａｖｅ demanded
ｄｅｍａｎｄｅｄ ｔｏto beｂｅ
well ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ，
ｗｅｌｌ treated, threatening
ｔｈｒｅａｔｅｎｉｎｇ to
ｔｏ refuse
ｒｅｆｕｓｅ toｔｏhave
ｈａｖｅ children.
ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ． InＩｎ fact,
ｆａｃｔ，they
ｔｈｅｙsometimes
ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ take
ｔａｋｅ their
ｔｈｅｉｒ own lives
ｏｗｎ ｌｉｖｅｓ
ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｔｈｅｙ
theyａｒｅ
areｔｒｅａｔｅｄ
treated ｓｏ
so ｂａｄｌｙ， ａｎｄ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
badly, and because ｔｈｅｙ
they ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
believe ｔｈｅｙ
they ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ born
will be ｂｏｒｎ ａｇａｉｎ， ｆｒｅｅ and
again, free ａｎｄ
ｌｉｖｉｎｇ
living ｉｎ
in ｔｈｅｉｒ ｏｗｎ ｌａｎｄ．
their own Ｔｈｅｙ ｔｏｌｄ
land. They ｍｅ ｔｈｉｓ
told me ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ．＂
this themselves."

[P] Londa
［Ｐ］Ｌｏｎｄａ Schiebinger,ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ
Ｓｃｈｉｅｂｉｎｇｅｒ，ａ a professor of the
ｏｆ ｔｈｅ history
ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｏｆ ofｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
scienceａｔatＳｔａｎｆｏｒｄ
StanfordＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，
University, ｃａｌｌｅｄ
called this
ｔｈｉｓ passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
ｒａｔｈｅｒ
ratherａｓｔｏｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ．
astonishing.Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ striking
It's particularly ｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇ centuries
ｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓlater
ｌａｔｅｒwhen
ｗｈｅｎ these
ｔｈｅｓｅ issues
ｉｓｓｕｅｓ are
ａｒｅ still
ｓｔｉｌｌprominent
ｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｔ inｉｎ
ｐｕｂｌｉｃ
public ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｓ ａｂｏｕｔ social
discussions about ｓｏｃｉａｌjustice
ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ
andａｎｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓrights.
women's ｒｉｇｈｔｓ．＂Ｓｈｅ ｗａｓ ahead
" She was ａｈｅａｄ of
ｏｆ her
ｈｅｒ time,"
ｔｉｍｅ，＂Ｄｒ．
Dr.
Ｅｔｈｅｒｉｄｇｅ
Etheridge ｓａｉｄ．
said.

３６．
36.Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
Merianｗａｓ ｔｈｅtheｆｉｒｓｔ
was firstｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔ
scientist toｔｏ study
ｓｔｕｄｙ aａ type
ｔｙｐｅ ofｏｆAmerican
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ａｎｔ．
ant.

３７．Ｔｈｅ
37. TheＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ
European ｗａｓwasｍｏｒｅmore
audience ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄ
interestedｉｎinＭｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ
Merian's ｄｒａｗｉｎｇｓ
drawings ｔｈａｎ
than ｈｅｒ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ．
her gender.

３８．3 8 .Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ
Merian'sｍａｓｔｅｒｐｉｅｃｅ
masterpieceｃａｍｅ
cameｕｎｄｅｒ ａｔｔａｃｋ
under ａ ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ
attack ａｆｔｅｒ
a century afterｉｔｓ
its ｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
publication.

３９．
39. Ｍｅｒｉａｎ＇ｓ
Merian's ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ
mistakes ｉｎ
in ｈｅｒ ｄｒａｗｉｎｇｓ ｍａｙ
her drawings mayｂｅbeａｔｔｉｂｕｔｅｄ
attributed ｔｏ
to ｈｅｒ
her ｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｅｄ ｓｔａｙ inｉｎ South
shortened stay Ｓｏｕｔｈ America.
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ．
４０．Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｏｆｔｅｎ
40. Merian oftenｓａｔ
satｕｐupｔｈｅ
the ｗｈｏｌｅ
wholeｎｉｇｈｔ
nightｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｏ
to ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅ
observe ａｎｄ
and ｄｒａｗ
drawｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ．
insects.

４１．
4 1 . Ｍｅｒｉａｎ
Merianａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｄ
acknowledgedｔｈｅ
theｈｅｌｐ
helpｓｈｅ
sheｇｏｔ
got ｆｒｏｍ
from ｎａｔｉｖｅｓ ｏｆ South
natives of Ｓｏｕｔｈ America.
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ．

４２．Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ
42. Merian contributedｇｒｅａｔｌｙ
greatlyｔｏtoｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people's ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ of
better understanding ｏｆ medicine
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ａｎｄ
and ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ．
science.

４３．Ｍｅｒｉａｎ ｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎａｌｌｙ
43 . Merian occasionallyｍａｄｅ
madeｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ ｉｎinｈｅｒherｄｒａｗｉｎｇｓ
mistakes drawingsｏｆofｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ
insects ａｎｄ
andｂｉｒｄｓ．
birds.

４４．
44. Ｎｏｗ，
Now,Ｍａｒｉａｎ＇ｓ
Marian'sｒｏｌｅ
roleａｓasａ aｆｅｍａｌｅ
femaleｆｏｒｅｒｕｎｎｅｒ
forerunnerｉｎinｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ
sciences ｈａｓ
has ｂｅｅｎ
beenｒｅ－ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ．
re-established.

45. Merian
４５．Ｍｅｒｉａｎ made
ｍａｄｅ a long
ａ ｌｏｎｇ voyage
ｖｏｙａｇｅ to South
ｔｏ Ｓｏｕｔｈ America
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ to study
ｔｏ ｓｔｕｄｙ jungle
ｊｕｎｇｌｅ insectsｏｖｅｒ
ｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ overｔｈｒｅｅ
threeｃｅｎｔｕｒｉｅｓ
centuries ago
ａｇｏ．.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Directions : Thereａｒｅ
are２ 2ｐａｓｓｇｅｓ ｉｎ inｔｈｉｓthisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｅａｃｈ
passages section. Eachｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｉｓis ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
followed ｂｙ
by ｓｏｍｅ
some ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ
questions or
unfinished statements.
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ For each
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．Ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈofｏｆthem
ｔｈｅｍthere are four
ｔｈｅｒｅ choices
ａｒｅ ｆｏｕｒ A ) , BＡ），Ｂ），Ｃ）ａｎｄ
markedｍａｒｋｅｄ
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ) , C ) and
D ) . You
Ｄ）．Ｙｏｕ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ decideｏｎonｔｈｅ
ｄｅｃｉｄｅ theｂｅｓｔ
best ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choice and mark ｔｈｅ
ａｎｄ ｍａｒｋ the ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒon ｏｎAnswer
corresponding letter Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet２ ｗｉｔｈ
2 withａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
a singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Questions４６46ｔｏto ５０
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 50 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
passage.

Whileｈｕｍａｎ
Ｗｈｉｌｅ human achievements
ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ inｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ
mathematicsｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ
continueｔｏtoｒｅａｃｈ
reach ｎｅｗ
newｌｅｖｅｌｓ
levels of
ｏｆ complexity,
ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｔｙ，many
ｍａｎｙ of
ｏｆ

第
第 ８／１２页
8／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
ｕｓusｗｈｏ
who aren'tｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｉａｎｓ
ａｒｅｎ＇ｔ mathematiciansａｔatｈｅａｒｔ
heart （ｏｒ
( or ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓ
engineers ｂｙ
by ｔｒａｄｅ）
trade) may struggle to
ｍａｙ ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ ｔｏ remember the ｌａｓｔ
ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ ｔｈｅ last time
ｔｉｍｅ
ｗｅweｕｓｅｄ
usedｃａｌｃｕｌｕｓ（微积分）．
calculus ( �;;fy, fr ) .
It's aａ fact
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｆａｃｔnot
ｎｏｔlost
ｌｏｓｔonｏｎAmerican
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ educators,
ｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒｓ，who amid ｒｉｓｉｎｇ
ｗｈｏ ａｍｉｄ rising math failure rates
ｍａｔｈ ｆａｉｌｕｒｅ ｒａｔｅｓare
ａｒｅdebating
ｄｅｂａｔｉｎｇhow
ｈｏｗ
ｍａｔｈ
mathｃａｎ
canｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｍｅｅｔ
meetｔｈｅ
the ｒｅａｌ－ｌｉｆｅ ｎｅｅｄｓ ofｏｆ students.
real-life needs ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ．Should
Ｓｈｏｕｌｄweｗｅ change
ｃｈａｎｇｅ the
ｔｈｅ way
ｗａｙ ｍａｔｈ
math ｉｓis ｔａｕｇｈｔ
taught ｉｎ
in
ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ，
schools, ｏｒ
or ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ
eliminate some courses ｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ？
entirely?
Ａｎｄｒｅｗ
AndrewＨａｃｋｅｒ， Ｑｕｅｅｎｓ
Hacker, Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
Queens ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ
College politicalｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
scienceｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ， ｔｈｉｎｋｓ that
professor, thinks ｔｈａｔadvanced
ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ algebra
ａｌｇｅｂｒａ and
ａｎｄ
ｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｈｉｇｈｅｒ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
higher-level ｍａｔｈmathｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｂｅbeｃｕｔ
cutｆｒｏｍ
fromｃｕｒｒｉｃｕｌａ
curriculaｉｎin ｆａｖｏｒ
favor ｏｆ
of ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ more
courses with ｍｏｒｅ ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅ
routine ｕｓｅｆｕｌｎｅｓｓ，
usefulness,
ｌｉｋｅ
likeｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ．
statistics.
＂Ｗｅ ｈｅａｒhearｏｎ onａｌｌallｓｉｄｅｓ
" We sidesｔｈａｔ
that ｗｅ＇ｒｅ
we're ｎｏｔ ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ enough
not teaching ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，
mathematics, ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ａｒｅ
the Chinese ｒｕｎｎｉｎｇ
are running
ｒｉｎｇｓ
rings ａｒｏｕｎｄ
around ｕｓ，＂Ｈａｃｋｅｒ
us," Hackerｓａｙｓ．＂Ｉ＇ｍ
says. " I'mｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇ
suggesting ｗｅｒｅ
we're ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｏｏ much
teaching too ｍｕｃｈ ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ
mathematics toｔｏ too
ｔｏｏmany
ｍａｎｙ
people ... not ｅｖｅｒｙｂｏｄｙ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．．．ｎｏｔ everybody ｈａｓ
has ｔｏ
to ｋｎｏｗ
knowｃａｌｃｕｌｕｓ．Ｉｆ
calculus. If ｙｏｕ＇ｒｅ
you're ｇｏｉｎｇ
going ｔｏ
to become
ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａｎanａｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃａｌ（航空的）
aeronautical ( :!lit '.£ � )
ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ，
engineer, ｆｉｎｅ． Ｂｕｔ ｍｏｓｔ
fine. But most ｏｆofｕｓ
us ａｒｅｎ＇ｔ．＂
aren't."
Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ， Ｈａｃｋｅｒ ｉｓis pushing
Instead, Hacker ｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ
for more courses ｌｉｋｅ ｔｈｅ one
like the ｏｎｅ ｈｅ
he ｔｅａｃｈｅｓ
teaches ａｔ Ｑｕｅｅｎｓ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ：
at Queens College:
Ｎｕｍｅｒａｃｙ
Numeracy１０１．Ｔｈｅｒｅ， ｈｉｓ his
1 0 1 . There, ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ＂ｃｉｔｉｚｅｎ
students ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ＂ｌｅａｒｎ
of " citizen statistics" learnｔｏtoａｎａｌｙｚｅ
analyzeｐｕｂｌｉｃ
publicｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
informationｌｉｋｅ
like ｔｈｅ
the
ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ
federal ｂｕｄｇｅｔ
budget ａｎｄ
and ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ
corporate ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ． Ｓｕｃｈ courses,
reports. Such ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ， Hacker
Ｈａｃｋｅｒ ａｒｇｕｅｓ， ａｒｅ aａ remedy
argues, are ｒｅｍｅｄｙ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ numerical
for the ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌ
ｉｌｌｉｔｅｒａｃｙ ｏｆadults
illiteracy of ａｄｕｌｔｓwho
ｗｈｏ have
ｈａｖｅ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄ
completed ｈｉｇｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
high-level ｍａｔｈ
mathｌｉｋｅ
like ａｌｇｅｂｒａ
algebra ｂｕｔ
but ａｒｅ
are ｕｎａｂｌｅ
unable ｔｏto ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅ ｔｈｅ
calculate the
ｐｒｉｃｅ
price ｏｆ，
of, ｓａｙ，
say, aａ carpet
ｃａｒｐｅｔ by
ｂｙ ａｒｅａ．
area.
Ｈａｃｋｅｒ＇ｓ
Hacker'sａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔ
argumentｈａｓ
hasｍｅｔ
metｗｉｔｈ
withｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
opposition ｆｒｏｍ
fromｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｍａｔｈ
math ｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒｓ ｗｈｏ ｓａｙ
educators who say ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ ｎｅｅｄｅｄ ｉｓis
what's needed
ｔｏ ｈｅｌｐ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ａ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ ｗｉｔｈ ｍａｔｈ ｅａｒｌｉｅｒ，ｒａｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｍ ｌｅｓｓmath
to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less ｍａｔｈ
ａｌｔｏｅｔｈｅｒ．
altogether.
MariaＤｒｏｕｊｋｏｖａ
Ｍａｒｉａ Droujkova
ｉｓ isａ ｆｏｕｎｄｅｒ
a founder
ｏｆofＮａｔｕｒａｌ
NaturalＭａｔｈ，
Math,ａｎｄand
ｈａｓhasｔａｕｇｈｔ
taughtｂａｓｉｃ
basicｃａｌｃｕｌｕｓ
calculus ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ
concepts ｔｏ
to 5-year­
５－ｙｅａｒ－
olds. Ｆｏｒ
ｏｌｄｓ． For Ｄｒｏｕｊｋｏｖａ，
Droujkova, ｈｉｇｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
high-level ｍａｔｈ
math ｉｓis ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ，
important, and
ａｎｄ what
ｗｈａｔ ｉｔit could
ｃｏｕｌｄ use
ｕｓｅ inｉｎ American classrooms ｉｓ
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍｓ is
ａｎanｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ
injection ｏｆ
of ｃｈｉｌｄｌｉｋｅ
childlike wonder.
ｗｏｎｄｅｒ．
" Make
＂Ｍａｋｅ mathematicsｍｏｒｅ
ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ more available," Droujkova
ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ，＂Ｄｒｏｕｊｋｏｖａ says. " Redesign
ｓａｙｓ．＂Ｒｅｄｅｓｉｇｎ it soｉｔ＇ｓ
ｉｔ ｓｏ it's ｍｏｒｅ
moreａｃｃｅｓｓｉｂｌｅ
accessible to
ｔｏ
moreｋｉｎｄｓ
ｍｏｒｅ kindsｏｆofｐｅｏｐｌｅ：
people: ｙｏｕｎｇ
young ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ，
children, adults
ａｄｕｌｔｓwho
ｗｈｏ worry
ｗｏｒｒｙ about
ａｂｏｕｔ it,
ｉｔ，adults
ａｄｕｌｔｓwho
ｗｈｏmay
ｍａｙ have
ｈａｖｅ had
ｈａｄ bad
ｂａｄ
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ．＂
experiences."
Ｐａｍｅｌａ
PamelaＨａｒｒｉｓ，
Harris,ａ aｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｒ
lecturer ａｔ
at ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ of
the University ｏｆ Texas
Ｔｅｘａｓ atａｔ Austin
Ａｕｓｔｉｎ，, ｈａｓ
has ａa ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ．Ｈａｒｒｉｓ
similar perspective. Harris
ｓａｙｓ
saysｔｈａｔ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
that American education ｉｓ ｓｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇfrom
is suffering ｆｒｏｍanａｎepidemic
ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃofｏｆ＂ｆａｋｅ ｍａｔｈ＂—ａｎ
" fake math" -anｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓ
emphasisｏｎonｔｈｅ
the ｒｏｔｅ
rote
ｍｅｍｏｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ（死记硬背）ｏｆ
memorization ( §t il Ji_ lf ) ofｆｏｒｍｕｌａｓ
formulasａｎｄ
andｓｔｅｐｓ， ｒａｔｈｅｒthan
steps, rather ｔｈａｎanａｎunderstanding
ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇofｏｆhow
ｈｏｗ math
ｍａｔｈ can
ｃａｎ
ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ
influence ｔｈｅ ｗａｙｓ ｗｅ
the ways we ｓｅｅ
see ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ．
the world.
Ａｎｄｒｅｗ
Andrew Ｈａｃｋｅｒ， ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｒｅｃｏｒｄ，
Hacker, record,ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ
remainsｓｋｅｐｔｉｃａｌ．
skeptical.
＂Ｉ＇ｍ
" I'mｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｌｅａｖｅ
leave ｉｔ ｔｏ those
it to ｔｈｏｓｅ who
ｗｈｏ ａｒｅ ｉｎ mathematics
are in ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ toｔｏ work
ｗｏｒｋ out
ｏｕｔ the
ｔｈｅ ways
ｗａｙｓ ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ
to make their
ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ
subject ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ exciting
interesting and ｅｘｃｉｔｉｎｇsoｓｏ students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓwant
ｗａｎｔ toｔｏtakeｔａｋｅit,"
ｉｔ，＂Ｈａｃｋｅｒ
Hacker ｓａｙｓ．＂Ａｌｌ
says. " Allｔｈａｔ
that ＩI ａｓｋ
ask ｉｓ
is ｔｈａｔ
that
ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｓ
alternatives ｂｅ
be ｏｆｆｅｒｅｄ
offered ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ
instead ｏｆ
of ｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ ａｌｌ ofｏｆ usｕｓ onｏｎ the
putting all ｔｈｅ road
ｒｏａｄ toｔｏ calculus."
ｃａｌｃｕｌｕｓ．＂
４６．
46.Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｓａｙ
say ａｂｏｕｔ ｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙ Americans?
about ordinary Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ？
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ
struggle ｔｏ
to ｓｏｌｖｅ
solve math
ｍａｔｈ problems.
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｈｉｎｋ
thinkｍａｔｈ
mathｉｓis ａa ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ
complexｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ．
subject.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
They findｈｉｇｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
ｆｉｎｄ high-levelｍａｔｈ
math
ｏｆ of little use.
ｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｕｓｅ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｏｒｋ
work hard
ｈａｒｄ ｔｏtoｌｅａｒｎ
learnｈｉｇｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
high-level math.
ｍａｔｈ．

第９／１２页
第 9／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
４７．
4 7 . Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓis ｔｈｅ
the ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｃｏｍｐｌａｉｎｔ about
general complaint ａｂｏｕｔ America's
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｓ ｍａｔｈ
math ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ toｔｏ Hacker?
education according Ｈａｃｋｅｒ？
Ａ）A)Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ
Americaｉｓisｎｏｔ
notｄｏｉｎｇ
doing ａｓas ｗｅｌｌ
well ａｓ
as China.
Ｃｈｉｎａ．
Ｂ）B)Ｍａｔｈ
Mathｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors ａｒｅ
are ｎｏｔ
not ｄｏｉｎｇ
doing ａa good
ｇｏｏｄ job.
ｊｏｂ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ
doesn'tｈｅｌｐ
helpｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ
developｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｌｉｔｅｒａｃｙ．
literacy.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereｈａｓ
hasｈａｒｄｌｙ
hardlyｂｅｅｎ
beenａｎｙ
anyｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ
innovationｆｏｒ
for ｙｅａｒｓ．
years.

４８．
48. Ｗｈａｔ
What ｄｏｅｓ
does Ａｎｄｒｅｗ
AndrewＨａｃｋｅｒ＇ｓ Ｎｕｍｅｒａｃｙ １０１
Hacker's Numeracy 1 0 1 ａｉｍ
aim ｔｏ ｄｏ？?
to do
Ａ）A)Ａｌｌｏｗ
Allowｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｔｏtoｌｅａｒｎ
learn ｈｉｇｈ－ｌｅｖｅｌ
high-level ｍａｔｈ
math ｓｔｅｐ
step ｂｙ
by ｓｔｅｐ．
step.
Ｂ）B)Ｅｎａｂｌｅ
Enableｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｔｏto ｍａｋｅ
makeｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌ
practical ｕｓｅ
use ｏｆ
of basic
ｂａｓｉｃ math.
ｍａｔｈ．
Ｃ）C)Ｌａｙ
Layａ aｓｏｌｉｄ
solidｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ
foundation ｆｏｒ
for ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ
advanced ｍａｔｈ
mathｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ．
studies.
Ｄ）D)Ｈｅｌｐ
Help students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｔｏ toｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ
develop their
ｔｈｅｉｒ analyticalａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
ａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌ abilities.

４９．
49. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesＭａｒｉａ
MariaＤｒｏｕｊｋｏｖａ
Droujkovaｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ
suggestｍａｔｈ
mathｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
teachers ｄｏ
do ｉｎ
in ｃｌａｓｓ？
class ?
A)Ｍａｋｅ
Ａ） Makeｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ
complex conceptsｅａｓｙ
ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ easyｔｏto ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ．
understand.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｔａｒｔ
Start ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ
teaching ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
children ｍａｔｈ
math ａｔat ａｎ
an ｅａｒｌｙ
early ａｇｅ．
age.
Ｃ）C)Ｈｅｌｐ
Helpｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
children ｗｏｒｋ
workｗｏｎｄｅｒｓ
wondersｗｉｔｈ
withｃａｌｃｕｌｕｓ．
calculus.
Ｄ）D)ＴｒｙTryｔｏtoａｒｏｕｓｅ
arouseｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇
students' ｃｕｒｉｏｓｉｔｙ
curiosity in
ｉｎ math.
ｍａｔｈ．

５０．
50. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesＰａｍｅｌａ
PamelaＨａｒｒｉｓ
Harrisｔｈｉｎｋ
think ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｂｅ
be ｔｈｅ
the ｇｏａｌ ｏｆ math
goal of ｍａｔｈ education?
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ？
Ａ）A)ＴｏToｅｎａｂｌｅ
enableｌｅａｒｎｅｒｓ
learnersｔｏto ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
understandｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ
worldｂｅｔｔｅｒ．
better.
Ｂ）B)ＴｏToｈｅｌｐ
helpｌｅａｒｎｅｒｓ
learners ｔｏto ｔｅｌｌ
tell fake
ｆａｋｅ math
ｍａｔｈ from real math.
ｆｒｏｍ ｒｅａｌ ｍａｔｈ．
Ｃ）C)ＴｏToｂｒｏａｄｅｎ
broadenＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ＇
Americans'ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ
perspectives ｏｎ
on ｍａｔｈ．
math.
Ｄ）D)ＴｏToｅｘｅｒｔ
exert ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ
influence on
ｏｎ world
ｗｏｒｌｄ development.
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Questions５１51ｔｏto５５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 55 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
passage.

Ｆｏｒ
Forｙｅａｒｓ，
years, ｔｈｅ
the Ｕ．Ｓ．
U. S. ｈａｓ
has ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄ
experienced ａa ｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅ
shortage ｏｆof ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｅｄ ｎｕｒｓｅｓ．The
registered nurses. ＴｈｅBureau
Ｂｕｒｅａｕ ofｏｆ Labor
Ｌａｂｏｒ
Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆ ｎｕｒｓｅｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｂｙ １９ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｂｙ ２０２２， ｄｅｍａｎｄ will
Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 1 9 percent by 2022, demand ｗｉｌｌ
grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing
ｇｒｏｗ ｆａｓｔｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｓｕｐｐｌｙ，ａｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｏｖｅｒ ｏｎｅ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ ｕｎｆｉｌｌｅｄ ｎｕｒｓｉｎｇ ｊｏｂｓ ｂｙ ｔｈｅｎ． jobs by then.
ＳｏSoｗｈａｔ＇ｓ
what'sｔｈｅthe ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ？ Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ．
solution? Robots.
Ｊａｐａｎ
Japanｉｓisａｈｅａｄ
aheadｏｆofｔｈｅthe ｃｕｒｖｅ
curve ｗｈｅｎ
whenｉｔit ｃｏｍｅｓ
comesｔｏto ｔｈｉｓ ｔｒｅｎｄ．Toyohashi
this trend. Ｔｏｙｏｈａｓｈｉ University
Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ofｏｆTechnology
Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ has
ｈａｓ
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developedＴｅｒａｐｉｏ，
Terapio, ａa ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃ
robotic ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medical ｃａｒｔcart ｔｈａｔ ｃａｎ make
that can ｍａｋｅ ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ
hospital ｒｏｕｎｄｓ，
rounds, ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒ ｍｅｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ and
deliver medications ａｎｄ
ｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｉｔｅｍｓ，
items, ａｎｄ
andｒｅｔｒｉｅｖｅ
retrieve ｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ．Ｉｔ
records. It ｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ
fo llows ａa ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ，such
specific individual, ｓｕｃｈasａｓa ａdoctor
ｄｏｃｔｏｒorｏｒnurse,
ｎｕｒｓｅ，who
ｗｈｏ can
ｃａｎ
ｕｓｅ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｏｒｄ ａｎｄ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ ｄａｔａ．Ｔｈｉｓ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｒｏｂｏｔ ｗｉｌｌ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｂｅ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ
use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be
ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ
implemented ｉｎ inｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ
hospitalsｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｉｔitｈａｓ
hasｆａｉｒｌｙ
fairly ｍｉｎｉｍａｌ
minimalｐａｔｉｅｎｔ
patient ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ．
contact.
Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ ｃａｐａｂｌｅ ｏｆ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｅｎｇａｇｅｍｅｎｔ ｈｅｌｐ ｗｉｔｈ ｌｏｎｅｌｉｎｅｓｓ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ， ｂｕｔ
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but
ｔｈｅ ｒｏｂｏｔ ｉｔｓｅｌｆ ｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｅｎｇａｇｅ ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ—ｉｔ ｃａｎ ｓｅｒｖｅ ａｓ ａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｒｙ ｆｏｒ ｈｕｍａｎ
the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly-it can serve as an intermediary for human
ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｅｌｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ ｒｏｂｏｔｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ＭａｎｔａｒｏＢｏｔ， Ｖｇｏ，ａｎｄ Ｇｉｒａｆｆ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ａ
communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ，
computer,ｓｍａｒｔｐｈｏｎｅ，
smartphone,ｏｒorｔａｂｌｅｔ，
tablet, ａｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
allowing ｆａｍｉｌｙ ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ ｏｒorｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ
family members doctors ｔｏto ｒｅｍｏｔｅｌｙ
remotely ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒ
monitorｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｏｒ
patients or

第
第 １０／１２页
10／12页 淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
 Skypeｔｈｅｍ，
Ｓｋｙｐｅ them,ｏｆｔｅｎ
oftenｖｉａ
via ａa ｓｃｒｅｅｎ
screen ｗｈｅｒｅ
where ｔｈｅ
the ｒｏｂｏｔ＇ｓ＇ｆａｃｅ＇ｗｏｕｌｄ
robot's ' face' wouldｂｅ．be.ＩｆIfｙｏｕ
youｃａｎ＇ｔ
can't ｇｅｔ
get ｔｏ
to ｔｈｅ
the ｎｕｒｓｉｎｇ
nursing
ｈｏｍｅ
homeｔｏ toｖｉｓｉｔ
visit ｇｒａｎｄｍａ，
grandma,ｙｏｕ
youｃａｎ
canｕｓｅ
useａaｔｅｌｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ ｒｏｂｏｔ toｔｏ hang
telepresence robot ｈａｎｇ out
ｏｕｔ with
ｗｉｔｈ her.
ｈｅｒ．AＡ20２０１６ ｓｔｕｄｙ found
1 6 study ｆｏｕｎｄ
ｔｈａｔ
that ｕｓｅｒｓ
users ｈａｄ
had ａ＂a ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｌｙ
" consistently ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ
positive ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ＂ａｂｏｕｔ
attitude " about ｔｈｅ
the Ｇｉｒａｆｆ
Giraff ｒｏｂｏｔ＇ｓ
robot's ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ enhance
ability to ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ
communication
ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄand decrease
ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ feelingsｏｆofｌｏｎｅｌｉｎｅｓｓ．
ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｓ loneliness.
ＡAｒｏｂｏｔ＇ｓ
robot'sａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅ
appearanceａｆｆｅｃｔｓ
affects ｉｔｓ
its ability
ａｂｉｌｉｔｙtoｔｏsuccessfully
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙinteract withｗｉｔｈ
ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔ humans, which isｉｓwhy
ｈｕｍａｎｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈ the
ｗｈｙ ｔｈｅ
ＲＩＫＥＮ－ＴＲＩ
RIKEN-TRIＣｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ
Collaboration ｆｏｒforＨｕｍａｎ－Ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅ
Center Human-InteractiveＲｏｂｏｔ
RobotＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
Researchｄｅｃｉｄｅｄ
decidedｔｏtoｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ
develop ａa ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃ
robotic
nurseｔｈａｔ
ｎｕｒｓｅ that ｌｏｏｋｓ
looks ｌｉｋｅ
like aａ huge
ｈｕｇｅ teddy
ｔｅｄｄｙ bear.
ｂｅａｒ．RIBA (Robot ｆｏｒ
ＲＩＢＡ （Ｒｏｂｏｔ for Ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅ
Interactive Body
Ｂｏｄｙ Assistance),
Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ），also
ａｌｓｏknown
ｋｎｏｗｎ as
ａｓ
＂Ｒｏｂｅａｒ，＂ｃａｎ ｈｅｌｐhelpｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
" Robear, " can patientsｉｎｔｏ
intoａｎｄ
andｏｕｔ
outｏｆofｗｈｅｅｌｃｈａｉｒｓ
wheelchairs ａｎｄ
andｂｅｄｓ
bedsｗｉｔｈ
withｉｔｓ
its ｓｔｒｏｎｇ ａｒｍｓ．
strong arms.
ＯｎOnｔｈｅtheｌｅｓｓ
less ｃｕｔｅ
cute ａｎｄ
and ｍｏｒｅ
moreｓｃａｒｙ
scaryｓｉｄｅ
side ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ｉｓ Ａｃｔｒｏｉｄ F,Ｆ， which
is Actroid ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｓｏ human-like
is so ｈｕｍａｎ－ｌｉｋｅ that
ｔｈａｔ some
ｓｏｍｅ
ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patients ｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔ
notｋｎｏｗ
knowｔｈｅtheｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ．
difference. Ｔｈｉｓ
This ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｒｏｂｏｔ companion
conversational robot ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎ ｈａｓ
hasｃａｍｅｒａｓ
camerasｉｎinｉｔｓ
its ｅｙｅｓ，
eyes,
ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｌｌｏｗ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｔｒａｃｋ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｕｓｅ ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｆａｃｉａｌ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｂｏｄｙ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｉｎ ｉｔｓ
which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its
ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ａa ｍｏｎｔｈ－ｌｏｎｇ
interactions. During month-longｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ
hospital ｔｒｉａｌ， ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓasked
trial, researchers ａｓｋｅｄ 70
７０ patients
ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ how
ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅｙ
they ｆｅｌｔ ｂｅｉｎｇ
felt being
ａｒｏｕｎｄ
aroundｔｈｅtheｒｏｂｏｔ
robotａｎｄ
and＂ｏｎｌｙ ｔｈｒｅｅ
" only threeｏｒorｆｏｕｒ
fourｓａｉｄ
saidｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ
didn't ｌｉｋｅ ｈａｖｉｎｇ ｉｔ
like having ａｒｏｕｎｄ．＂
it around."
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ toｔｏ note
It's important ｎｏｔｅ that
ｔｈａｔ robotic
ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃnurses
ｎｕｒｓｅｓdon't
ｄｏｎ＇ｔdecide
ｄｅｃｉｄｅcourses
ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓofｏｆtreatment
ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔorｏｒmake
ｍａｋｅ diagnoses
ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｅｓ
(thoughｒｏｂｏｔ
（ｔｈｏｕｇｈ robotｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ
doctorsａｎｄ
andｓｕｒｇｅｏｎｓ
surgeonsｍａｙ
mayｎｏｔnotｂｅ beｆａｒfarｏｆｆ）．
ofl). Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ，
Instead, they
ｔｈｅｙ perform routine and
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅ laborious
ａｎｄ ｌａｂｏｒｉｏｕｓ
ｔａｓｋｓ，
tasks, ｆｒｅｅｉｎｇ ｎｕｒｓｅｓ upｕｐ toｔｏ attend
freeing nurses ａｔｔｅｎｄ toｔｏ patients
ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓwith
ｗｉｔｈimmediate
ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅ needs.
ｎｅｅｄｓ． This
Ｔｈｉｓ isｉｓ one
ｏｎｅ industry
ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ where
ｗｈｅｒｅ ｉｔit
ｓｅｅｍｓ
seemsｔｈｅtheｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎ
integration ｏｆofｒｏｂｏｔｓ
robots ｗｉｌｌ
will ｌｅａｄ ｔｏ collaboration,
lead to ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ，notｎｏｔreplacement.
ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ

５１．
5 1 . Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏｅｓ
doesｔｈｅ
the ａｕｔｈｏｒ ｓａｙ about
author say ａｂｏｕｔ Japan?
Ｊａｐａｎ？
Ａ）A)ＩｔItｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｓ
delivers ｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best ｍｅｄｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ
medications ｆｏｒ
for ｔｈｅ
the ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ．
elderly.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｔａｋｅｓ
takes ｔｈｅ
the ｌｅａｄ
lead ｉｎ
in providing robotic ｃａｒｅ．
ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃ care.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ
providesｒｅｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ
retraining ｆｏｒ
for ｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｅｄ
registered nurses.
ｎｕｒｓｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｓｅｔｓ
sets ｔｈｅ
the ｔｒｅｎｄ
trend ｉｎ
in ｆｕｔｕｒｅ
future robotics
ｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ technology.
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．

５２．
52. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｄｏdoｗｅweｌｅａｒｎ
learnａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
the ｒｏｂｏｔ Ｔｅｒａｐｉｏ？
robot Terapio?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｈａｓ
has ｂｅｅｎ
been ｐｕｔ
put ｔｏ
to ｕｓｅ
use ｉｎ
in many Japaneseｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ．
ｍａｎｙ Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅ hospitals.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ
providesｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
specific ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｚｅｄ
individualized ｃａｒｅ
care ｔｏ
to ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ．
patients.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｄｏｅｓ
doesｎｏｔ
notｈａｖｅ
haveｍｕｃｈ
much directｃｏｎｔａｃｔ
ｄｉｒｅｃｔ contactｗｉｔｈ
withｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ．
patients.
Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｈａｓ
hasｎｏｔ
notｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｚｅｄ
revolutionized ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ
medical ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ
service ｉｎ
in Japan.
Ｊａｐａｎ．

５３．
53 . Ｗｈａｔ
Whatａｒｅ
areｔｅｌｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ
telepresence ｒｏｂｏｔｓ ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ toｔｏ do?
robots designed ｄｏ？
A) Directlyｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔ
Ａ）Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ interactｗｉｔｈ
withｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patients ｔｏ
to prevent
ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ them fromｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ
ｔｈｅｍ ｆｒｏｍ feeling ｌｏｎｅｌｙ．
lonely.
Ｂ）B)Ｃａｔｅｒ
Caterｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｎｅｅｄｓ
needsｏｆofｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patientsｆｏｒ
for ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｉｎｇ
recoveringｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ
cognitive ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ．
capacity.
Ｃ）C)Ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ
Closelyｍｏｎｉｔｏｒ
monitorｔｈｅ
the ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ＇ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ
patients' movementsａｎｄ
andｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ
conditions ａｒｏｕｎｄ
aroundｔｈｅ
the ｃｌｏｃｋ．
clock.
D) Facilitate ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Ｄ）Ｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｅ communicationｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patients ａｎｄ
and ｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ
doctors or
ｏｒ family
ｆａｍｉｌｙmembers.
ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ．

５４．
54. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓisｏｎｅ
oneｓｐｅｃｉａｌ
special ｆｅａｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ the
feature of ｔｈｅ robot
ｒｏｂｏｔ Actroid
Ａｃｔｒｏｉｄ F?Ｆ？
A) Itｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｓ
Ａ）Ｉｔ interacts ｗｉｔｈ
with ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patients just
ｊｕｓｔlike a human
ｌｉｋｅ ａ ｈｕｍａｎcompanion.
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎ．
B) Itｏｐｅｒａｔｅｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ operatesｑｕｉｅｔｌｙ
quietlyｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ
patientsｒｅａｌｉｚｉｎｇ
realizing ｉｔｓ
its presence.
ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｌｉｋｅｓ
likes ｔｏ
to ｅｎｇａｇｅ
engage ｉｎ
in ｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙ
everydayｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ
conversationsｗｉｔｈ
withｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ．
patients.

第
第 １１／ １２页
11／12页 淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
 Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｕｓｅｓ
uses ｂｏｄｙ
body ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ
languageｅｖｅｎ
evenｍｏｒｅ
moreｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ
effectively than
ｔｈａｎ words.
ｗｏｒｄｓ．

５５．
55. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｃａｎ
canｗｅweｉｎｆｅｒ
inferｆｏｒｍ
formｔｈｅ
the ｌａｓｔ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ？
last paragraph?
Ａ）A)Ｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ
Doctorsａｎｄ
andｓｕｒｇｅｏｎｓ
surgeonsｗｉｌｌ
willｓｏｏｎ
soonｂｅbeｌａｉｄ
laid ｏｆｆ．
off.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｒｏｂｏｔｉｃｓ
roboticsｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ
industryｗｉｌｌ
will ｓｏｏｎ
soon ｔａｋｅ
take ｏｆｆ．
off.
Ｃ）C)Ｒｏｂｏｔｓ
Robotsｗｉｌｌ
will ｎｏｔ
not ｍａｋｅ
makeｎｕｒｓｅｓ
nurses ｒｅｄｕｎｄａｎｔ．
redundant.
Ｄ）D)Ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ
Collaborationｗｉｌｌ
will ｎｏｔ
not ｒｅｐｌａｃｅ
replace ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．
competition.

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ
Part IV Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)

Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓ
Directions : For thisｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅareａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
part , you ３０30ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
allowed ｔｏ toｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ
minutes translate ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｆｒｏｍ
from Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
Chinese ｉｎｔｏ
into Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．
English.
Ｙｏｕ
You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅyour
should write ｙｏｕｒanswer
ａｎｓｗｅｒonｏｎAnswer
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
2.

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Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
cii-=.F iE � * :,f s =If.,1, a.t l*J � J.oc if< ruHt , z. s � i1:H,- n1r :n :,f i.it)
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ
Directions : Forｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ
this part , youａｒｅ
are ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowed ３０
30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutes ｔｏ ｗｒｉｔｅ anａｎ essay
to write ｅｓｓａｙonｏｎhow
ｈｏｗ toｔｏ balance
ｂａｌａｎｃｅ job
ｊｏｂ
ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ personal
responsibilities and ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓ． Ｙｏｕ should
interests. You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ write
ｗｒｉｅ atａｔleast
ｌｅａｓｔ150１５０ｗｏｒｄｓ ｂｕｔnoｎｏmore
words but ｍｏｒｅ
ｔｈａｎ
than ２００
200 ｗｏｒｄｓ．
words.

第第 １２／ １２页
12／12页 淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室