The Pentagrammatons

in the World-Map of Herodotus

Joannes Richter

Fig. 1 The pentagrammatons in the world-map of Herodotus (5th century BC)

(based on Herodotus' map of User:Bibi Saint-Pol – released as public domain)

Abstract
In his Histories (5th BCE) the author Herodotus documents a world-map with numerous rivers,
cities, seas and mountains, for which we often may identify the precise location and modern name.
At the northern side we may identify the rivers ALPIS, PYRET(us), LÚKOS. Additionally we may
observe 3 of the 4 paradisaical rivers (Eu)FIRAT, (ava)MEZIN (Tigris) and PASIN (or KARUN). A
wadi represents the 4th paradisaical river PISON. These 4 rivers are found near Babylon and (the
Sumerian city of ERIDU.
In the map the labeled cities are SINOP(e), PYREN(e), CYREN(e), TOMIS (Constanta), ThYBES or
ThIVA(S). An island is Corsica ( CIRNÉ or CYRNOs). Mountains are the PILLAR(s) of Atlas and
the Taurus mountains1 (Ταύρου). TAURI (Tauri, Tawri, Tanwri) was the name for the first
population of the Crimean peninsula.

1 Heinrich Kiepert writes in Lehrbuch der alten Geographie that the name was borrowed into Ancient Greek from the
Semitic (Old Aramaic) root ‫( טורא‬ṭūrā), meaning "mountain".[1][2]
The World-Map of Herodotus
In his Histories (5th BCE) the author Herodotus documents a world-map with numerous rivers,
cities, seas and mountains, for which we often may identify the precise location and a modern
name2.

The rivers
At the northern side we may identify the rivers ALPIS, PYRET(us), LÚKOS. In Greek language the
name Lukos is translated as “wolf”, which in Greek may be applied for numerous rivers, kings and
other names for the symbolism of the wolves' characters. I listed an overview of the “Wolf”-words
in the appendix.
§ 4.48 The Ister, which is the greatest of all the rivers which we know, flows always
with equal volume in summer and winter alike. It is the first towards the West of all the
Scythian rivers, and it has become the greatest of all rivers because other rivers flow
into it. And these are they which make it great: — five in number are those which flow
through the Scythian land, namely that which the Scythians call Porata and the Hellenes
PYRETos, and besides this, Tiarantos and Araros and Naparis and Ordessos.

§ 4.49 From the region which is above the Ombricans, the river Carpis and another
river, the ALPIS, flow also towards the North Wind and run into it; for the Ister flows in
fact through the whole of Europe, beginning in the land of the Keltoi, who after the
Kynesians dwell furthest towards the sun-setting of all the peoples of Europe; and thus
flowing through all Europe it falls into the sea by the side of Scythia.

Lycus (/ˈlaɪkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, "wolf") is the name of multiple people in Greek
mythology3. The modern name seems to be Kalmius, a river to Palus Maeotis (the Asowic Sea) in
Sarmatia (Ukraine)
§ 4.123 This desert region is occupied by no men, and it lies above the land of the
Budinoi, extending for a seven days' journey; and above this desert dwell the
Thyssagetai, and four large rivers flow from them through the land of the Maiotians 4
and run into that which is called the Maiotian lake, their names being as follows, —
Lycos (LÚCOS), Oaros, Tanais5, Syrgis.

2 Herodotus, Histories – ToposText - Herodotus, The Histories, translated by George Campbell Macaulay (1852-
1915), from the 1890 Macmillan edition now in the public domain, text placed on line by Project Gutenberg. This
text has 5949 tagged references to 764 ancient places.
3 Source: Lycus_(mythology)
4 The Maeotian Swamp or Maeotian Marshes (Ancient Greek:ἡ Μαιῶτις λίμνη, hē Maiōtis límnē, literally
Maeotian Lake; Latin: Palus Maeotis) was a name applied in antiquity variously to the swamps at the mouth of the
Tanais River in Scythia (the modern Don in southern Russia) and to the entire Sea of Azov which it forms there.
5 the modern Don in southern Russia
The king Minos and his Minotaur
In Greek mythology, MINOS (Greek: Μίνως) was a King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every 9
years, he made King Aegeus pick 7 young boys and 7 young girls[1] to be sent to Daedalus's
creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, MINOS became a judge of the
dead in the underworld. The Minotaur was born by Pasiphaë6– Queen of Crete, married with
MINOS, king of Crete. She conceived the Minotaur after mating with the Cretan Bull while hidden
within a hollow cow that the Athenian inventor Daedalus built for her, after Poseidon cursed her to
fall in love with the bull, due to her husband, Minos, failing to sacrifice the bull to Poseidon as he
had promised. Therefore the Minotaur was to be related to Minos and the Cretan royalty.
The bull was commonly the symbol and depiction of ancient Near Eastern storm gods,
hence Taurus the bull, and hence the name of the mountains. The mountains are a place
of many ancient storm-god temples.[6] Torrential thunderstorms in these mountains
were deemed by the ancient Syrians to be the work of the storm-god Adad to make the
Tigris (ava MEZIN) and Euphrates (Eu-FIRAT), rivers rise and flood and thereby
fertilise their land.[7] 7

The Quinotaur
The 5 places of articulation, which nay be found in the all human bodies, are also the concept,
which was used as the foundation of the Frankish royalty in the formula of the 5-horned Quinotaur8.
From the Quinotaur a long list of royals chained the kings as pentagrams from CLOVIS I (the first
king of the Franks (c. 466–511), and BASIN(a)9 (c. 438 – 477), LOUIS the PIOUS I10 to LOUIS
XIX (1775 – 1844). By the rape of the Quinotaur the French royals were allowed to extend their
pedigree to the Cretan king Minos (MINOS).
The pentagram of Minos (MINOS) suggests that the pentagrams had been known before the Greek
alphabet had been introduced to replace the Linear-B alphabet.
The suggested rape and subsequent family relation of this monster attributed to Frankish
mythology correspond to both the Indo-European etymology of Neptune (according to
Jaan Puhvel, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts, "grandson" or "nephew", compare also
the Indo-Aryan Apam Napat, "grandson/nephew of the water")[3] and to bull-related
fertility myths in Greek mythology, where for example the princess Europa was
abducted by the god Zeus, in the form of a white bull, that swam her to Crete; or to the
very myth of the Minotaur, which was the product of Pasiphaë's, a Cretan Queen's,
intercourse with a white bull, initially allotted to King Minos (MINOS), Pasiphaë's
husband, as a sacrifice for Poseidon11.

6 Pasipháē derived from πάσι (archaic dative plural) "for all" and φάος/φῶς phaos/phos "light")[2]
7 Taurus_ Mountains
8 Fredegar (c. 650). "Chronicarum quae dicuntur Fredegarii scholastici libri IV cum continuationibus". In Krusch,
Bruno (ed.). Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 2. Hannover: Hahn
(published 1888). p. 95. Retrieved January 13, 2022. bistea Neptuni Quinotauri similis eam.
9 Childeric and Basina were the parents of Clovis I, who is remembered as the first medieval king to rule Gaul, and all
the Frankish kingdoms. From: the Biography of Basina_of_Thuringia
10 Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (PIOUS) (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
11 Source: Quinotaur
The 4 rivers of the Paradise
Composing a recent essay A new Etymology for the Pentagrams (PITAR and MATIR) I identified
three possible pentagrams (PISON, KARUN and FIRAT) in the names for the Rivers of Paradise
(sorted according to the list in the Book Genesis):
(1) the Pison and (2) Gihon, (3) the Hiddekel (Tigris), and (4) the Phrath (Euphrates)

Fig. 2: Map of the Paradise with the 4 additional names

FIRAT , Ava MEZIN, PISON, P ASIN (edited by J. Richter)
(Source: Has the Garden of Eden been located at last?
by Dora Jane Hamblin)

Of course I knew there was a chance that all four rivers may have been composed as genuine
pentagrams. Only the Tigris needed to be traced back to an original pentagram for its name, which
was to be found in the Kurdish name Ava MEZIN "the Great Water".
The pentagrams clearly confirm Juris Zarins' description including Dora Jane Hamblin's map of the
rivers. Of course Juris Zarins' thesis also supports the thesis of the pentagrams.12
One of the best-fit names (instead of KARUN) would be PASIN as an mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of
the name Pasitigris (or Pasin-Tigris), which would result in a name-giving as follows:
Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5
northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon PASIN P A S I N
Table 1 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams
FIRAT , Ava MEZIN, PISON, P ASIN

12 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

The Cities
In the map the labeled cities are SINOP(e), PYREN(e), CYREN(e), TOMIS (Constanta), ThYBES or
ThIVA(S). Mountains are the PILLAR(s) of Atlas and the Taurus mountains13 (Ταύρου). TAURI
(Tauri, Tawri, Tanwri) was the name for the first population of the Crimean peninsula.

Sinope
Over a period of approximately 2,500 years, SINOP(e) has at various times been settled by
Colchians, Greeks (in the late 7th, late 5th, and 4th–3rd centuries BC), by Romans in the mid-1st
century BC, and by Turkic people beginning in the 12th century14.
The Greek colony of Sinope (Greek: Σινώπη, romanized: SINṒPĒ) was founded by Ionians from
the city of Miletus.[5] Sinope issued its own coinage, founded colonies, and gave its name to a red
earth pigment called sinopia, which was mined in Cappadocia for use throughout the ancient world.
[6] Some scholars have dated the earliest Greek colonization of Sinope to the 7th c. BC, while
others have proposed an earlier date in the 8th c.
During the Middle Ages sinopia in Latin and Italian came to mean simply a red ochre. It entered the
English language as the word sinoper, meaning a red earth colour.[1]

Pyrene
Pyrene (PYRENe) is a Celtic city near the sources of the Danube mentioned by Herodotus: see
Heuneburg, which is considered to be one of the most important early Celtic centres in Central
Europe, particularly during the Iron Age Hallstatt culture period.
The settlement has been called "oldest city north of the alps",[2][3][4] and has been identified with
the Celtic city of Pyrene mentioned by Herodotus.[5][6]
The river Ister begins from the Keltoi and the city of Pyrene (PYRENe) and so runs that
it divides Europe in the midst (now the Keltoi are outside the Pillars of Heracles and
border upon the Kynesians, who dwell furthest towards the sunset of all those who have
their dwelling in Europe); and the Ister ends, having its course through the whole of
Europe, by flowing into the Euxine Sea at the place 15 where the Milesians have their
settlement of Istria16.

Cyrene
Cyrene (CYRENe) was the most important of the five Greek cities in the region, known as the
pentapolis. It gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica, which it has retained to modern
times. The city was named after a spring, CYRA, which the Greeks consecrated to Apollo. The
archaeological remains cover several hectares and include several monumental temples, stoas,
theatres, bathhouses, churches, and palatial residences.
The city was founded by Greek colonists, probably from Thera (modern Santorini) in the late
seventh century BC and was initially ruled by a dynasty of monarchs called the Battiads, who grew
rich and powerful as a result of successive waves of immigration and the export of horses and
silphium, a medicinal plant.
13 Heinrich Kiepert writes in Lehrbuch der alten Geographie that the name was borrowed into Ancient Greek from the
Semitic (Old Aramaic) root ‫( טורא‬ṭūrā), meaning "mountain".[1][2]
14 Sinop (Turkey)
15 Next to TOMIS (Τόμις, Constanța, a city in Romania (* 600 BC))
16 Istria: “at the mouth of the Ister”
Thebes (Thiva in Greece)
Thebes (Greek: Θήβα, ThÍVA [ˈθiva]; Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι, Thêbai [1]) is a city in Boeotia,
Central Greece, and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, and the third
oldest in Europe.
"Thebes of the Seven Gates" was a major force in Greek history prior to its destruction by
Alexander the Great in 335 BC, and was the most dominant city-state at the time of the Macedonian
conquest of Greece.
Archaeological excavations in and around Thebes have revealed cist graves dated to Mycenaean
times containing weapons, ivory, and tablets written in Linear B. Its attested name forms and
relevant terms on tablets found locally or elsewhere include te-qa-i,[n 1] understood to be read as
*Tʰēgʷaii s (Ancient Greek: Θήβαις, ThĒBAIS, i.e. "at Thebes", Thebes in the dative-locative case),
te-qa-de,[n 2] for *Tʰēgʷasde (Θήβασδε, ThĒBASDE, i.e. "to Thebes"),[1][4] and te-qa-ja,[n 3] for
*Tʰēgʷaja (Θηβαία, Thēbaia, i.e. "Theban woman").[1]
The Greeks attributed the foundation of Thebes to Cadmus, a Phoenician king from Tyre (now in
Lebanon) and the brother of Queen Europa. Cadmus was famous for teaching the Phoenician
alphabet and building the Acropolis, which was named the Cadmeia in his honor and was an
intellectual, spiritual, and cultural center. Cadmus promoted Echion as the first king of ThĒBAIS.

Latin names Greek names Categories Comments and details places of category sample
articulation

1 Echion Ἐχῑῑων ἘΧῙῑΩΝ "viper" Tongue linguals D

2 Hyperenor Ὺπερήνωρ ῪΠΕΡΉΝΩΡ 'man who comes up' Palate palatals I
3 Chthonius Χθόνιος ΧΘΌΝΙΟΣ “underworld” Throat gutturals A
4 Pelorus Πέλωρος ΠΈΛΩΡΟΣ monstrous, marvellous Lips labials U
5 Udaeus Ουδαιος ΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ ουδος 'threshold' or Teeth dentals S
ουδαιος 'on the ground'.

Table 2 The legendary founders of the City of Thebes and the corresponding places of articulation

Thebes ("Thebes of the Hundred Gates")

Thebes (Arabic: ‫طيب ة‬, Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι, Thēbai), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset
(Arabic: 1],(‫ ]وسط‬was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi)
south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor (LUXOR).
The Euxine Sea
The sea is Euxine Sea, but this name may have been derived from Πόντος Ἄξεινος Póntos Áxeinos
(Inhospitable Sea), first attested in Pindar (c. 475 BC).

The island Corsica

The origin of the name Corsica is subject to much debate and remains a mystery. To the Ancient
Greeks, it was known as Kalliste, Corsis, CYRNOS, Cernealis, or CIRNÉ. 17
Corsica (French: CORSE [kɔʁs]; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced
[ˈkorsiga] and [ˈkɔrsika] respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of
the 18 regions of France.

17 https://www.mindat.org/taxon-1437806.html From Wikipedia article at Cyrnus, which is released under the

Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Groups and the antipodal pentagrammatons
The total number of the pentagrammatons is limited. A great number of 5-letter words is useless and
the limited number of useful pentagrammatons must have lead to various types of antipodes.
Also similar new pentagrammatons may easily be found by shuffling the 5 letters, such as for the
Greek virtues METIS (wisdom, 1st spouse of Zeus ↔ ThEMIS (justice, 2nd spouse of Zeus). These
pentagrammatons must have been composed in an archaic stage of the Greek alphabets.
The names for rivers, valleys and some kings may be geographically distributed. The names for
people may be universally distributed antipodes.

Groups for Lukos (From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”))

The most frequently found name LÚKOS (“wolf”) is found for kings and rivers (see appendix 2).
For frequently names LÚKOS or LUKORGOS there are no antipodes, but usually groups of names.
In Herodotus' “Histories” the geographically distributed antipodes LÚKOS are 2 entries for rivers as
follows:
• “Wolf”, river, Phrygia, 7.30
• “Wolf”, river, Thyssagetia, A, 4.123
The 3 entries for personal names LÚKOS are:
• of Athens, 7.92
• of Lycia, 1.173
• of Scythia, 4.76
Also the name LUCAS / LUKAS is popular as a town or city. There are 29 places in the world
named “Lucas”18.

Groups for Lukourgus (“wolf”-leaders)

In Histories LUKOURGUS (Λυκοῦργος , Lycurgus_(lawgiver)) is specified as follows:
• of Arcadia, 6.127
• of Athens 1.59-60
• of Sparta 1.65-6
Other uses for Lycurgus are listed in Lycurgus (Mythology), which is composed from λύκος (lúkos,
“wolf”) + -ουργός (-ourgós), literally “worker-wolf”; compare ἔργον (érgon, “work”) for the second
element. Usually the “Lukos”-title is used to title the leader:
• Initially the “wolf” had been chosen as the leader Lycurgus (lawgiver) (eighth century BC),
creator of constitution of Sparta.
• Then the title “wolf” was chosen to symbolize the king in Lycurgus (king of Sparta) (third
century BC).
• The third ´wolf”-title is found in Lycurgus of Athens (fourth century BC), one of the 'ten
notable orators' at Athens.
The number of Lycurgus-titles “wolf” is found from the introduction of historical records (in
mythology) up to recent events, which even continued in the American records.

18 https://geotargit.com/called.php?qcity=Lucas
Even in modern times the “wolf”-title is found in:
• Lykourgos Logothetis (1772–1850), leader of Samos in the Greek War of Independence
• Lycurgus Johnson (1818–1876), American cotton planter and politician
• Lycurgus J. Rusk (1851–1928), American politician
• Lycurgus Conner (1909–1963), American politician
• George Lycurgus (1858–1960), Greek–American businessman and Hawaiian royalist.
In the overview Lycurgus (mythology) we may find numerous names for mythological characters
named Lycurgus19:
• Lycurgus, son of Aleus, and king of Tegea in Arcadia[1]
• Lycurgus, a king of Nemea, and son of Pheres.[2]
• Lycurgus, king of Thrace and opponent of Dionysus.[3]
• Lycurgus, son of Pronax,[4] son of King Talaus of Argos, and thus, brother to Amphithea,
wife of Adrastus. He was one of those who were raised from the dead by Asclepius.[5]
• Lycurgus, the Thespian son of Heracles and Toxicrate,[6] daughter of King Thespius of
Thespiae.[7] Lycurgus and his 49 half-brothers were born of Thespius' daughters who were
impregnated by Heracles in one night,[8] for a week[9] or in the course of 50 days[10] while
hunting for the Cithaeronian lion.[11] Later on, the hero sent a message to Thespius to keep
seven of these sons and send three of them in Thebes while the remaining forty, joined by
Iolaus, were dispatched to the island of Sardinia to found a colony.[12]
• Lycurgus, a suitor of Princess Hippodamia of Pisa, Elis. Like other suitors, he was killed by
the bride's father, King Oenomaus.[13]
• Lycurgus, another Thracian king who was the son of Boreas. He was plotted against by his
brother Butes but discovering his conspiracy sent him into exile.[14]
• Lycurgus, alternative for Lycomedes in Homer.
Additionally I found undated mythical titles:
• Lycurgus of Arcadia, king
• Lycurgus (of Nemea), son of Pheres
• Lycurgus of Thrace, king, opponent of Dionysus
• Lycomedes or Lycurgus, in Homer
• Lycurgus, son of Pronax
• Lycurgus, son of Heracles by Toxicrate, daughter of Thespius
• Lycurgus, a suitor of Hippodamia of Pisa
Probably we may identify the “wolf” as the characteristic symbol for the ideal Greek character.
In fact the isolated title “wolf” is found for natural environments such as rivers and valleys. In
contrast the active persons may be titled “wolf-worker” Lycurgus or simplified abbreviated to a
singular word “Lykos”.

19 Source: (Wikipedia) Lycurgus_(mythology)

The geographically distributed antipodes
Typical geographically distributed antipodes are the cities Thebes (Greece)20 ↔ Thebes (Egypt)21,
which used the same spelling for two important poles.
In Herodotus' Histories we may also the pentagrammatons Cyrene (CYRENe) ↔ Pyrene (PYRENe)
as antipodes, in which the categories for both letters Y are switched from labial Y to palatal Y.
The 4 paradisaical rivers may be interpreted as 2 sets of antipodes: PISON ↔ PASIN and FIRAT
↔ MEZIN.
Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5
northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon PASIN P A S I N
Table 3 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams
FIRAT , Ava MEZIN, PISON, P ASIN
Obviously also the antipodes MINOTAUR ↔ QUINOTAUR are related, which may be interpreted
as royal concepts for the Cretan kings MINOS ↔ French emperors LOUIS, resp. LEWIS. The
symbolism is based on the Taurus-power of the BISON- and WISON-pentagrammatons.

The universally distributed antipodes

Apart from the geographically distributed antipodes we also may identify the universally distributed
antipodes such as PITER (male) ↔ MATIR (female). These antipodes are also found in the sky-
gods (Ju-piter, *DJOUS PITER) ↔ earth-goddesses (De-meter).
Another set of antipodes is found in the Greek virtues: METIS (wisdom, 1st spouse of Zeus ↔
ThEMIS (justice, 2nd spouse of Zeus), which is repeated in the Germanic virtues WITES (wisdom,
Wednesday, German: WISSEN) ↔ TIWAS (justice, Tuesday, German: Tiw and/or Tyr).
Other samples may be composed from the words in the dictionary (in the appendix).

20 Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]; Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι, Thêbai

21 Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι, Thēbai
Summary
In his Histories (5th BCE) the author Herodotus documents a world-map with numerous rivers,
cities, seas and mountains, for which we often may identify the precise location and modern name.
At the northern side we may identify the rivers ALPIS, PYRET(us), LÚKOS. Additionally we may
observe 3 of the 4 paradisaical rivers (Eu)FIRAT, (ava)MEZIN (Tigris) and PASIN (or KARUN). A
wadi represents the 4th paradisaical river PISON. These 4 rivers are found near Babylon and (the
Sumerian city of ERIDU.
In the map the labeled cities are SINOP(e), PYREN(e), CYREN(e), TOMIS (Constanta), ThYBES or
ThIVA(S). An island is Corsica ( CIRNÉ or CYRNOs). Mountains are the PILLAR(s) of Atlas and
the Taurus mountains22 (Ταύρου). TAURI (Tauri, Tawri, Tanwri) was the name for the first
population of the Crimean peninsula.

22 Heinrich Kiepert writes in Lehrbuch der alten Geographie that the name was borrowed into Ancient Greek from the
Semitic (Old Aramaic) root ‫( טורא‬ṭūrā), meaning "mountain".[1][2]
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The World-Map of Herodotus..............................................................................................................2
The rivers ........................................................................................................................................2
The king Minos and his Minotaur....................................................................................................3
The Quinotaur.............................................................................................................................3
The 4 rivers of the Paradise.............................................................................................................4
The Cities.........................................................................................................................................5
Sinope..........................................................................................................................................5
Pyrene..........................................................................................................................................5
Cyrene ........................................................................................................................................5
Thebes (Thiva in Greece)............................................................................................................6
Thebes ("Thebes of the Hundred Gates") ..................................................................................6
The Euxine Sea................................................................................................................................7
The island Corsica...........................................................................................................................7
Groups and the antipodal pentagrammatons........................................................................................8
Groups for Lukos (From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”)) ............................................................................8
Groups for Lukourgus (“wolf”-leaders)...........................................................................................8
The geographically distributed antipodes......................................................................................10
The universally distributed antipodes............................................................................................10
Summary.............................................................................................................................................11
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................13
Appendix 1 - The vocabulary of the pentagrams...........................................................................13
Appendix 2 – Overview of the Lúkos pentagrams........................................................................31
Lycus (mythology)....................................................................................................................31
Lykos in rivers' names...............................................................................................................32
Appendices
Appendix 1 - The vocabulary of the pentagrams
The following dictionary documents a number (~421) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.
#
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
1. A
ADUZI P Adige , ladinisch Adesc, trentinisch Àdes, Adige (river) Italian
ETUSC P Adisch , Etsch Etsch German
2. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes river Afrin Turkish
3. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
4. A
AINU(S) P Ainu (human) - native people of Hokkaido, human Ainu
Sakhalin and the Kurils
5. A
AÍSŌN P Αἴσων - king of Iolcus. Father of Jason Aeson Old- Greek
6. A
ALBIS P Elbe, Latin Albis, meaning "river" or "river-bed" Albis (river) Latin
LABSK P tschech LABSK Elbe German
7. A
ALPIS P Tributary of the Danube in Herodotus (4. 49) Alpis (river) Latin
8. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit Phoenician
day Tartus in Syria. (haven) (?)
9. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki Nectar Sanskrit
10. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scots
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish (name)
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
11. A
ANIUS P king Anius of Delos (Ἄνιος) Anius Latin
12. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd month Old French
13. A
ARBID P Tell Arbid is a multicultural site.[11] Tell Arbid Sumerian
14. A
ARJUN(A) P Core: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
15. A
ASINU P in Corsican: asinu; Sicilian: àsinu, ASINU ass Sicilian
Usually compared to Ancient Greek ὄνος (ónos)
(which cannot be its direct ancestor)
16. A
AUGST P August (in page 72v3 in the Voynich manuscript) August German (?)
17. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Aulis (port) Greek
DAULIS Ancient port-town, located in Boeotia in central Daulis Greek
Greece
Aulis (AULIS) may be related to Daulis
(DAULIS).
18. A
ΑἼΣΩΝ P (Αἴσων) – Aison was the son of Cretheus & Tyro Aison Greek
19. A
ἈΡΊΩΝ P (Ἀρείων) – very fast, black horse. Arion Greek
20. A
A
ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
21. AE
ÆLIUS P Sextus_Aelius_Catus (Roman senator) (4 AD) Catus (name) Latin
Both ÆLIUS and CATUS are pentagrams
22. A
E
ALVIS P ELVIS may be derived from the Scandinavian Elvis Old Norse
ELVIS Old Norse word Alvis which in Norse mythology (name)
means “all-wise”. The etymology of the name is
unknown, and it is uncertain whether the name
should be considered Irish (Gaelic) or British
(Welsh) or Scandinavian (Old Norse) in origin.
23. A
Z
ASYUT P capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt Asiut English
S ZAWTY P (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 BC "Guardian" Egyptian
SYOWT P Egyptian Zawty, Coptic Syowt[2] Koptisch
24. B
BARIT P Mineral baryt/barit, barium sulfate (BaSO4) barit German
25. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
26. B
BATIR P batir To beat Spanish
27. B
BEITS P stain (colorant that soaks into surface) beits Dutch
28. B
BILES P Biles (surname) Uncertain or disputed Biles English
29. B
BINZA P binza membrane Spanish
30. B
BIREN P Birne - pear German
BIRNE P Biren
31. B
BIRNA P Old-Norse: Birna (she-bear, female bear) she-bear Icelandic
32. B
BISEL P bisel order Spanish
33. B
BISEL P Bisel, possibly a habitational surname from Bisel French
Alsace
34. B
BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
35. B
BĪZAN P Old High German Bizan – fr.: Old English bītan to bite OH. German
36. B
BJØRN P biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) - probably Bjørn Old Norse
BJORN P from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“brown,
shining”).
37. B
BLOIS P Blois (832 AD), in the Rennaissance official Blois (city) French
residence for the King of France.
38. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady boss French
39. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
40. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
41. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed noble Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
42. B
B
BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make To build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
43. B
B
BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
*MREGh-MO - pie. *mregh-mo- (brains) PIE
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
44. B
B
BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
45. B
P
BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid, Dutch
B PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
46. B
P
BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king/queen Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basin(a) of Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia
47. B
S
BIDDEN P Fides, (confidence, trust)23 Fides (virtue) Dutch
F FIDES P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη(sphídē) Latin
ΣΦΊΔΗ - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” to beg Old Greek
48. C
CĀNUS P cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable Aged person Latin
49. C
CATUS P catus clever Latin
50. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl / CHURL), lage stand v. vrije man Churl English
51. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). To churn English
52. C
CIRNÉ P Kalliste, Corsis, CYRNOS, Cernealis, or CIRNÉ Cyrnus Greek
CYRNOs - Corsica
53. C
CONUS P From Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone, cōnus Medieval
spinning top, pine cone”) Latin
54. C
CRĪBLE - Crible - sieve, sifter, riddle sieve French
55. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin “corona” crown English
56. C
K
CETUS P Trojan Cetus Cetus Latin
KETOS - (Ketos Troias) - Sea-Monster
57. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
58. D
*DUIRO P Duero (river) Duero (river) Spain/Portug.
59. D
DARYVŠ - D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š - Darius I Darius (king) Old-Persian
DA(R)YVŠ - daryvuS
60. D
DAULIS - in ancient Phocis, near the frontiers of Boeotia Daulis Greek
61. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. honor Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
62. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛῑ Sky-god Sanskrit
63. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
64. D
DIMER P sky-god – in emesal pronounced as DIMER Dingir Sumerian
65. D
DIVES P Dives (river) in France Dives (river) French
66. D
DIVES P dives rich Latin
67. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. divine Latin
68. D
DMITRY - Dmitry: From Russian Дмиῑтрий (Dmítrij), from Dmitry Russian
- Latin Dēmētrius, from Ancient Greek Δημήτριος Dimitri

23 Numa is said to have built a temple to FIDES publica; Source: fides (FIDES) in William Smith, editor
(1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
(Dēmḗtrios), fr. Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr, “Demeter”).
69. D
DOUIX - Douix (Source at the river Seine) Douix (river) French
70. D
DURGA P Hindu goddess (for mother goddess Mahadevi) Durga Sanskrit
71. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus (god) DIEUS (god) PIE
72. D
DYMAS P king of Phrygia - (Ancient Greek: Δύμας) Dymas Greek
73. D
D
DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin
DĪVES- P originally DĪVES-PATER (god) (m.)
PATER
74. E
ELGUR P the elk (Islandic: elgur (ELGUR) elk Islandic
75. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
76. E
ENGUR P fresh water (from underground aquifers), freshwater Sumerian
(ABZU) also named ENGUR. Also named “Abzu”,
literally, ab='water' (or 'semen') zu='to know' or
'deep' was the name for fresh water from
underground aquifers.
77. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil (city) Kurdish
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
78. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city Eridu (city) Sumerian
in the world by the ancient Sumerians
79. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
80. E
ἘΧῙῙ
ΩΝ P (Ἐχῑῑων) "viper", one of the 5 founders of Thebes Echion-name Greek
81. E
S
ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) thorn English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) needle Latin
S SPĪNA P spiná (спинаῑ, back) backbone Russian
S
SPINÁ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - espiña needle Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE Dutch
82. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
83. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti (days) Latin
84. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, (Feeding rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the parent)
procreator father is named the “Kuni”. Foster-father
85. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat (animal) Latin
86. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) happy Spanish
87. F
FELLIS P Fellis (Latin: bile), bile Latin
Latin GALBUS "greenish-yellow,"
88. F
FENIX P Fenix, fenix - phoenix (mythical bird) Phoenix Old English
89. F FENRIS - Fenrir (Old Norse 'fen24-dweller')[3] Wolf Old Norse
90. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Old German
91. F
FIDES P fidēs - faith, belief, confidence, trust fidēs Latin

24 A fen is a type of peat-accumulating wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water.[1][2]

 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
92. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
93. F
FINAR P finar To dy Spanish
94. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat (river) Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Eufraat] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
95. F
FIRTH - fjord, river mouth - root *pertu- firth Scots
96. F
FJORD P narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by fjord Scandinavian
a glacier. Indo-European root *pertu-
97. F
FOSITE - Fosite: Norse god for justice Fosite (god) Fries
98. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
99. F
FRIDA P Frida (name), Swedish name Frida (name) Swedish
100. F
FYRET P the word FYRET appears in Middle English in ferret Classical Latin
the 14th century from the Latin.
101. F
FYΘAR P Futhark - runic code in alphabet and scripture Futhark Germanic
102. F
ϝYÞAR P Variant of Futhar(k): (From the ϜUÞARK to the Alternative Germanic
ϝYÞOR P ϝYÞAR and ϝYÞOR Runes ) for Fythar (k)
103. F
F
FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną To free Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free to make love Prt.-W.
V VRÎEN P Germ.
V
F FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P Middle Dutch
FRIJŌN P Dutch
FILOS P Gothic
104. F
L
ΦIΛOΣ F Filos, from: “philosopher” To love Greek
L LIEF(S) P ΦIΛOΣ Dutch
LIeBES - German
105. F
P
FYSON P Rivers of Paradise: Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel (or Fyson (river) Mid.-English
PISON P Tigris), and Euphrates. Pison English
106. G
GADUS P Gadus (cod is a common name for Gadus) cod Latin
107. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
108. G
GENU(S) P *genu, English knee knee Latin
109. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) family, birth Latin
110. G
GESTÚ P Enki as the god of knowledge (gestú) knowledge Sumerian
111. G
GLEMS P The Glems (German tributary of a river Enz) Glems German
112. G
GUEST P from Proto-Germanic *GASTIZ, from Proto- guest English
Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, host”)
113. G
GUTRA P Gutra (Keffiyeha) – square scarf for men Gutra (scarf) Arabic
114. G
D
DI-WE (S) - DI-WE or DI-WO or DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S) Zeus (*Dii ēus) Mycenaen
or DI-WO - Zeus (*Dii ēus) Greek
(S)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
115. H
H
HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain brood Germanic
K HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
116. H
S
(HI-) - Spanje - The origins of the Roman name Spain (state) Spanish
S SPANIA P Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, English
SPAIN - although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians Phoenician
SPANIA referred to the region as Spania
117. I
INFERNO Inferi: "inhabitants of infernal regions, the dead." Inferno (Hel) Latin
118. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
119. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
120. I
ISMEN(E) - Ancient Greek: Ἰσμήνη, Ismēnē) is the daughter Ismēnē Greek
and half-sister of Oedipus
121. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones Istavonen Latin
(people)
122. I ἼΩΝΕΣ P Ἴωνες (IΩNES) or Ἰᾱῑϝoνες (*IĀWOΝΕΣ) Iones Greek
ἸᾹῙ
ϜOΝΕΣ - (*IĀϜΩNES) (etymology is uncertain) (Ionians) Iawones
123. I
J
IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
124. J
IÁSŌN P Greek: Ἰάσων, leader of the Argonauts Jason Greek
125. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
126. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
127. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury French
128. J
JURON P juron swear word French
129. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" Just French
JUSTO P Spanish
130. J
JUTES P Jutes (population of Jutland) Jutes English
131. J
Y
JURTE P Tent, dormitory (Russian: юрта), Tent (Yurt) German,
YURTA P homeland homeland Russian
132. k
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun (river) English
river. In the Bible: Gihon river, at the Garden of
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
133. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise In runes
“Guth” (God)
134. K
KLEUR P Colour – early 13c., "skin color, complexion," kleur Dutch
COLOUR – from Anglo-French culur, coulour, Old French Color English
COULEUR - color "color, complexion, appearance" (Modern Colour French
French couleur), from Latin color "color of the
skin;
135. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war Greek
136. K
KRÉŌN P son of Menoikeus Kreon Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
137. K
KREY(N) P sieve, sifter, riddle sieve PIE-kern
138. K KUREN(e) - Κῡρήνη: Cyrene (queen) and city Cyrene in Libya Cyrene Greek
139. K
KYNOS P residence of Deucalion and Pyrrha in Locris Kynos Greek
140. K
K
KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
141. L
*LIWAR P Loire Loire (river) French
142. L
LACUS P Lacus (e.g. Lacus_Curtius) Water, lake Latin
LAGUZ P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) Old-Norse
LAUGR P Laguz
143. L
LAIUS P Laius- Son of Labdacus. Father, by Jocasta, of Laius (name) Latin
LAIOS - Oedipus, who killed him. Greek
144. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek stone Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
145. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Licht Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food) (weight)
146. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Louis (name) English
147. L
LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) Liver English
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ P
148. L
LIBAR P libar To suckle Spanish
LIBER P
149. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
150. L
LIBRA P Libra (pound) and Libra (in astrology) Pound Spanish
P Scales
151. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
152. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; love Dutch
W.Ps.]
153. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
154. L
LI
IMOS P Limos hunger Greek
155. L
LISMA P Lisma (“appear obsequious”): no etymology to fawn Swedish
156. L
LIVES P lives lives English
157. L
LIVRE P livre book French
158. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
159. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (king) Clovis- name French
160. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (king) Louis (name) French
161. L
LOVIS P Alternative spelling for e.g. Lovisa/Louise Lovis (name) Swedish (f.)
(female / male) German (m.)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
162. L
LUCHS P Luchs (Felis lynx) lynx German
163. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} from Latin locus. Doublet of local. location Spanish
164. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
165. L
LUKAS P Surname and given name, also towns in the USA Lukas Italic
LUCAS P etymology: related to lux (“light”) Lucas
166. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
167. L
LURIA P Luria: sea snails, genus of gastropod molluscs Luria Latin (?)
168. L
LURIA P Isaac Luria (* 1534 - †1572), leading rabbi Luria Hebrew
169. L
LUXIA (?) - Luxia1 (river in Spanje: Rio Tinto) Tinto (river) Latin
170. L
LUXOR P Luxor, een van de oudste bewoonde steden Luxor (Egypt) Egyptian
171. L
ΛΌΦΙΣ P In Haliartus there is a river Lophis (Λόφις). Lophis river Greek
172. L
L
LIBER P Het woord “Liberi” is een pluralia tantum Child Latin
LIBERI - (alleen in meervoud) (children)
173. L
L
LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P liure (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
174. M
(Ava) In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
MEZIN "the Great Water". [Tigris] river
175. M
*MOSIL P German Mosel, French Moselle, Dutch Moezel Moezel river German
176. M
MANSI P Are the Minoans and the Mansi in Siberia Mansi Mansi
related? | Minoans Part 6 (people)
177. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
178. M
MARIN P Marin (name), from s Latin name Marinus Marin (name) Latin
179. M
MARIT P husband (spouse) in Catalan & Old Occitan husband Catalan
marriage in Tok Pisin From Latin marītus. Old Occitan
180. M
MARIT P nominative plural of mari; Borrowed from Persons Finnish
Eastern Mari мари (mari, “Mari person”). (plural)
181. M
MARIT P Marit-female given name from Margaret Marit Scandinavian
182. M
MARITSA - Maritsa (river) Maritsa river Bulgaars
MERIÇ P Meriç [meɾitt ʃ] Meriç [meɾitt ʃ] Turkish
183. M
MAThIR P Mother Mother Old Irish
184. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Mother Gaulish
Gaulish Influence on Breton"
185. M
MATIR P Alternative form of matere (essential matter) matter Middle
English
186. M
MATIS P Matis : indigenous people of Brazil.[1] Matis Portuguese
187. M
MÉTIS P Métis Indigenous people in Canada Métis French
originally French:"person of mixed parentage"
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
188. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dative: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Sicilian
189. M
MAZiD(A) P Surname : Mazid means 'holy'. (Iran) Mazid Arabic
(name)
190. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} To measure Spanish
191. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
192. M
MENIS P anger, wrath, fury. Initial word of the Iliad Mēnis Greek
193. M
MENRVA – MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman Menrva (god) Etruscan
MINERVA P names for Metis, the deity of wisdom Minerva Latin
194. M
MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man (person) Dutch
195. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish).
196. M
MERYL P Meryl Meryl (name) English
197. M
MĒTĪRĪ P derived from *mēti ‘measure’ < pie. *méh1-ti- to measure Latin
198. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena) goddess of (Goddess) Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. First consort of the sky-god Zeus. Wisdom
199. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (king) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
200. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas (city) Greek
201. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown, maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldier”)
202. M
MILOS P Milos – volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Milos island Greek
Sea
203. M
MILOS P Slavic, diminutive of Miloslav-"lover of glory" Milos (name) Slavic
204. M
MINAR P Old Persian: pillar pillar Old Persian
205. M
MINAR P To mine; to undermine to mine Spanish
206. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
207. M
MINER P mineworker pitman English
208. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) smaller Latin
209. M
MINOS P Minos - Royal Name Minos Linear A
(king) (Cretan)
210. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] mother New Greek
211. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) mother Scots
212. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) Mithra (god) Avestan
of covenant, light, and oath
213. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
214. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother Icelandic
215. M
MOIST P moist moist English
216. M
MORIN P MORIN - Mongole „Pferd“, Chinese „ma“ Horse Mongole
→ in German Mähre
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
217. M
MYNES P Mynes (mythology). Mynes, king of the city of Mynes Greek
Lyrnessus which was sacked by Achilles, who
there captured his wife, Briseis. Mynes was son
of King Evenus, son of Selepus.[2]
218. M
MYSON (Sage) Myson of Chenae (6th cent. BC); Myson Greek
219. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
220. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean mean Greek
221. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
222. M
M
MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Mainz (city) German
M MENUS P Moenis (also MOENUS or MENUS), the name the Main (river) German
MOENUS P Romans used for the river.
223. M
M
MELKS P Substantive: milk, and the verb “to milk” milk Dutch
M MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Latvian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovenian
224. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis -tyrant Latin
225. N
NAPIR P Napir (Linear Elamite: Elamite cuneiform: Na- Napir Elamite
pi-ir) was the Elamite god of the moon.[1][2][3]
226. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
227. N
NAVIS P B. Nevis is the highest mountain in GB.(1345m) Ben Nevis English
228. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nibru (city) Sumerisch
NUFFAR - Nippur. Great complex of ruin mounds known to
NIBRU - the Arabs as Nuffar, written by the earlier
explorers Niffer, divided into two main parts by
the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat)
Source: Nibru
229. N
NÎMES P Nîmes - Nemausus god of the local Volcae tribe. Nîmes French
230. N
NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ, water water Sanskrit
231. N
NIRVA P nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from Nirwana Sanskrit
ननस (nis, “out”) + व (vā, “to blow”).
232. N
NIZĀM P Nizām, a poet (creating the poems of Nezami) Nizām (name) Persian
233. N
NURhAGe - ancient megalithic edifice found in Sardinia edifice Sardinian
Natively, the structure is called a nurhage nurhage
234. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense To trifle Latin
235. N
NZOKU P Nzɔku - Loxodonta (African elephants) elephant Kikongo
In the 10th century, the people of Igbo-Ukwu in
Nigeria buried their leaders with elephant tusks.
South Africa uses elephant tusks in their coat of
arms
236. O
(H)ORMIZD - *Hasura MazdʰaH - Ahura Armenian
- Ahura Mazda (supreme god) Mazda Old-Persian
(H)ormazd
237. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus (king) Latin
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
238. O
OLIZŌN - ancient Greek town and polis Olizon Greek
239. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
240. O
ΟΥΥΗΤΙΣ P Oútis (a transliteration of the Ancient Greek nobody Old-Greek
ΟÚΤΙS P pronoun Οὖτις = "nobody" or "no one")[1]
241. P
*PADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
242. P
DOS PILAS P 2 wells (water containers) Guatemalan Spanish (2) wells Guat. Spanish
243. P
PĀLĪZ P a kitchen garden, used by Xenophon for an garden, (New)
“enclosed park” of the Persian kings (Paradise) paradise Persian
244. P
PANIR P Paneer: from a Hindi-Urdu term panīr, from Panir Persian
PONIR P Persian panir (‫' )پنیر‬cheese', from Old Iranian.[2]
[3]
245. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread Latin
246. P
PANIS P Panis or vaniks are wealthy tradesmen merchants Sanskrit
VANIKS -
247. P
PARIL P Paril - village in Bulgaria Paril Bulgarian
248. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthen Latin
249. P
PARTY P party, quantity, literally "that which is divided," party, quantity English
PARTIe -
250. P
PASIN P mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of the name Pasitigris Karun (river) English
(or Pasin-Tigris) – also: KARUN
251. P
PATIR P Patir (father) father Oscan
252. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} claim Spanish
253. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
254. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
255. P
PERChT P Perchta - (English: Bertha), also Percht and Perchta German
other variations, was once known as a goddess in
Alpine paganism
256. P
PERIL P risk risk English
257. P
PERIT P Perit - From Latin perītus. expert Catalan
258. P
PETRI P Petri Peter Basque
Hungarian
259. P
PhENIX P From Old English and Old French fenix, from phoenīx Latin
FENIX Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Old English
Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix)
260. P
PhYLAS P Φύλας Phýlas /Phylas- King of the Dryoper Phylas-name Greek
261. P
PIAST - píast, péist (Old Irish), see: etymology bestia Piast (beast) Irish
PÉIST “beist” in The Bokmål Dictionary. beist Norwegian
BEIST Wild animal, beast, From Latin bestia. beast Bokmål
BESTIe The origin is unknown.
262. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Peter Dutch
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
263. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalan
Norse
264. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
265. P
PILAS P Dos Pilas - two wells (or water containers) wells Guatemalan
Maya civilisation in Guatemala Spanish
266. P
PINAR P Pinewood forest (from: Pinus) pinewood Spanish
267. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios(river) Greek
268. P
PIRAN P Piran - town in southwestern Slovenia Piran (town) Slovenian
269. P
PIRAT P Pirat (pirate) pirate German
270. P
PIREN P Piren, king of Argos / a Boeotian prince Piren Greek
271. P
PIRET P Piret (given name) Estonian Variant of Brigitte Piret Estonian
272. P
PIROL P Pirol (bird) - Binomial name Oriolus oriolus Pirol German
In the heraldry the pirol is a common charge
273. P
PIRON P Name (French / Swiss / Belgian) Piron French
274. P
PIROT P Pirot (Пирот) - city in southeastern Serbia. Pirot Serbian
275. P
PISAN P pis/“annu “box”25 box Sumerian
276. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) father Sanskrit
277. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piters- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
278. P
PITOR P painter (in Lombard and Piedmontese) painter Lombard
279. P
PIZAN P Christine de Pizan - Italian poet and author Christine de French
(1364 – c. 140) Pizan
280. P
PJOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
PYOTR
281. P
PYRET - a river of Scythia that flows into the Danube, Prut (river) Romanian
(us) now the river Prut (unknown etymology)
282. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
283. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
284. P
PRION P Prion, an infectious agent Prion English
285. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
286. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (fish-) fork English
287. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
288. P
PYLOS P „seven-gated Thebes“ (Thebe Heptapylos) Gate Greek
PYLUS -- Pylus - member of the Aetolian royal family
289. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
290. P
ΠΑΣΙΦάη - Pasiphaë – Queen of Crete, married with Minos, Pasiphaë Greek
king of Crete

25 Sumerian Grammar uploaded by Baskar Saminathnan

 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
291. P
ΦΡΎΝΗ P Φρύνη - Phryne Greek hetaira (courtesan). Phryne, name Greek
292. P
B
PADIS P Padus (Po) (river), Padus (Po) Latin
BODIS P Bodincus (old Ligurian) Bodincus Ligurian
293. P
F
PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with Fyson (river) English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Pis(h)on Mid.-English
Gihon)
294. P
P
POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, city Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
295. P
P
POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Litvian
296. P
P
Pools P from Latin polire "to Pools, make smooth; To polish English
P POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘Pools’, Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. French
297. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) To quern English
298. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – The sacred Book in Islam Quran Arabian
299. R
*RHIJUN P Rhine (E), Rhein (D), Rijn (NL) Rhine (river) Germanic
300. R
RAFID P Name for towns and persons Rafid Arabian
301. R
RĀMIN P Poetry “Vis and Rāmin” Ramin (name) Persian
302. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
303. R
RÁUTI P Sanskrit RÁUTI र न 'roar' (source: runes) roar Sanskrit
304. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) write Dutch
305. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
306. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub Mnd.-Dutch
307. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
308. R
RUNGA P Runga – (Rapa Nui /Easter-island) - Creator Creator Rapa Nui
Rangi – For Māori Rangi & Papa are the
original couple for the sky & earth.
309. R
R
RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
310. R
R
RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
311. R
RABIN P rabin-from Latin rabbinus &Hebrew ‫( רבי‬rabí) rabbi Polish
312. R
ROBIJN P ruby (substance)-from Medieval Latin rubīnus robijn Dutch
313. R
ROBIN P Magpie robin (national bird in Bangladesh) robin English
314. S
SABIDO P sabiduría (“SABIDURÍA”) is wisdom. The Wisdom Spanish
SAVID - eternal wisdom (sabiduría eterna, o sabiduría
increada) is translated 1. f. Rel. “El Verbo
Divino” - the divine word”.
315. S
SALIM P Salīm (Arabian ‫ )سلیم‬adjective „healthy”, etc. Healthy Arabian
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
SELIM P Selim I, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (1512-1520). Selim I
316. S
ŚANKU P [pointed stick, big fish] Big fish Old-Indian
SǪKŬ - Old Church
Slavic
317. S
SEDMĬ P sedmĭ (Old Church Slavonic) seven OSlov
318. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
319. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Old Greek
320. S
SILBE P Silbe: syllable, word, part of a word Silbe German
321. S
SILBO P El Silbo ("Gomeran whistle communication") El Silbo Spanish
322. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) forest Latin
323. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (city) Indian (?)
324. S
SIMON P Simon (given name), from Hebrew ‫ שעְממועעו ן‬Šimʻôn, Simon Dutch
meaning "listen" or "hearing".[1]
325. S
SINOP P Sinop, Greek: Σινώπη, founded from Miletus, Sinop (city) Turkish
named after red earth pigment called sinopia red color
326. S
SĪVAN S Sīvan – 3rd month of the Hebrew calendar Sīvan Hebrew
usually in May–June on a Gregorian calendar. May–June
327. S
SIWAN P People of Siwa & Welsh form of Joan (name) Siwan Welsh
328. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), de stad Crusis, Herodotus. Smila (city) Greek
Histories. 7.123.
329. S
SMILA P Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
330. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
331. S
SP'ILO P სპილო - Elephas (Asian elephants) elephant Georgian
332. s
SPAIN P Spain Spain English
333. S
SPILE P Spile Wooden Fork Latvian
334. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
335. S
SPION P spy, person who secretly gathers information spy German
336. S
SUAIN P Runic word for young, strong man (swain) youngster English
SUEIN P (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen) OHD
SWAIN P
337. S
SUIDÆ P Suda -10th-century Byzantijnse encyclopedie Suda (book) Latin
338. S
SUNIA P Runic word for “understand” - Old Norse skyn; Understand, Germanic
cognate with Danish skøn, Swedish skön. shine
339. S
SUTHI P Suthi, (tomb) tomb Etruscan
340. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch Swine English
SchWEIN swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal) German
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
Swedish, Danish svin)
341. S
S
SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ Sabinus Dutch
342. S
S
SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), the sun and the letter “S” sun, Gothic
S SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
343. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
344. T
TAMIS P Tamis - drum sieve drum sieve French
345. T
TAMIZh P Tamil – spelled as TAMIZh Tamil Tamil
346. T
TAPIR P Tapir (animal) Tapir-animal English
347. T
TARIM P principal river of the Tarim Basin, a desert Tarim (river) English
348. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) – evergreen tree Yew (tree) English
349. T
TAURI Tauri (Tawri, Tanwri) 1st people in Crimea Crimean Greek
350. T
TEIȘU P Teișu, village in Cozieni, Buzău, Romania Teișu Romanian
351. T
TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *Teiws (god) Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
352. T
TERUG P terug (return, backwards) backwards Dutch
353. T
ThEISM P Theism - broadly defined as the belief in the Theism English
existence of at least one deity.[1][2]
354. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – (after METIS) second consort of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
355. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle uncle Latin
derived from: Old Greek θεῖος (theîos).
356. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotia) (Greece) Thebe (city) Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
357. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) At home Dutch
358. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
(Ancient Greek: Θήβαις, ThĒBAIS, i.e. "at
Thebes"
359. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind courage Greek
360. T
TIBER P Tiber Etymology pre-Latin, origin may be Italic. Tiber (river) Latin
361. T
TIBOR P in old Slavic, Tibor means "sacred place" Tibor old Slavic
362. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamese
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭. (naam)
363. T
TIFOS P Tifos - "still water" still water Aegean
364. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. Fear, awe Latin
365. T
TIŠMA P Tišma (or Tisma) (A surname name) Tišma Serbian
366. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
367. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz - Týr or Tiw Germanic god Germanic
368. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz - the Luwian Sun-god. sun (deity) Luwian
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
369. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr (god) rune
370. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers in Val Medel Val Medel Sursilvan
(nickname)
371. T
TOMIS P Τόμις, Constanța, a city in Romania (* 600 BC) Constanța Greek
372. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe tribe English
373. T
TURIA P Turia – river (280 km) in Valencia Turia (river) Spanish
374. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
375. T
TVEIR P Old Norse tveir, tvau two Old Norse
376. T
ΘΊSΒE P Thisbe Θίσβη ΘΊΣΒΗ – Greek city Thisbe (city) Greek
377. T
T
TAPIS P Tapis, Carpet, rug French
T TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek Byz.-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
378. U
ULRIKE - Ulrike (female given name) Ulrike (name) German
379. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), unite Latin
380. U
UR(t)CIA ...et Deus uocant UR(t)CIA glossed as 'God' by Urtzi Basque
URTIA Picaud (see Urtzi) (Codex Calixtinus)
381. U
URION P Orion's birth by urination into a bull's hide[14] Orion Greek
recorded in [Pseudo]-Palaephatus (~4th BCE) (ourion)
382. U
UTARI P Ainu (human) also identify themselves as "Utari" people Ainu
("comrade" or "people").
383. U
U
ÛÐIRA P Udder udder Germanic
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
384. U
U
URIEL P Uriel, ‫אוריאל ל‬
‫ עְמ‬ʾŪrīʾēl, "El/God is my flame" Uriel Hebrew
URIAL P name of one of the archangels Urial
385. U
U
URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperma Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (bron:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
386. U
U
UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
W WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (also see → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
387. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
388. V
VALIS P Waal (Netherlands) – largest river Waal (river) Latin
ChALUZ
389. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir (gods) English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
390. V
VEINS P veins veins English
391. V
VENUS - Goddess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus (god) Latin
prosperity and victory
392. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin – (the god of revenge) Víðarr (god) Old Norse
393. V
VILAR P Vilar, Hamlet, farmland - Late Latin, from vilar Galician
VILLAR - villa. villar Spanish
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
Synonyms: barrio, lugar (LUGAR)
394. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
395. V
VIRNA P Virna (from: Latin 'virgo' or 'Virginia' ): name Virna Italian
396. V
VIThA - runes were called VIThA by the West Slavs, Runes West Slavic
VYThAR P Hanuš 1842 p. 381, (Deities of Slavic religion) FUTHAR runes
397. V
VITOR P Vitor - cooper, basketmaker cooper Latin
398. V
VITSA P Vitsa (Greek: Βίτσα) village in Zagori (Greece). Βίτσα (Vitsa) Greek
399. V
VLIES P Vlies (Fleece, membrane) membrane Dutch
400. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
401. V
VRIJEN P (1): “VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). Originally: 1: vrijen Dutch
“to love” (from: friend in Etymology-bank). 2: free people Frankish (?)
(2): “VRIJEN”: the “free people” (FRANKen)
402. V
W
VIDERE - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), to know, wissen To know Dutch
W VIŽDĄ - (German); Old Church Slavic. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
WETEN ‘zien’ vědě ‘I know’; OCL
WISSEN
403. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troje, ĪĪlion Hettitisch
404. W
WATIR P Middle English : watir (plural watiris) Water English
405. W
WEIRD P fate, destiny, luck (weird: Old English wyrd) weird English
406. W
WHIRL P whirl (twist, verb) (To) whirl English
407. W
WIJSEL P Wijsel, Wissel, Wisła Wijsel, Wissel German
VISLA P (ancient sources spell the name ISTULA) Wisła (river) Pools
408. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach (onderwijzer = teacher) To teach Dutch
409. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BISON Bison Germanic
410. W
WIZARD - wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
411. W
WIZZŌD - Wizzōd‚ law; Testament, Sacrament law Gothic
412. W
WIÞRĄ P Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (WIÞRĄ, “against”) against Proto-Germ.
413. W
WRANG P wrang (sourish) wrang Dutch
414. W
WRONG P wrong verkeerd English
415. W
W
*WRAITh P Old English wrað "angry" – very angry. wrath English
*WREIT- P (literally "tormented, twisted") wroth
416. W
W
WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
417. Y
YSULA P Yssel, Ijssel (Netherlands & Germany) Yssel (river) Latin
ISULA IJssel
418. Z
DŹWINA P Düna ; Pools Dźwina Düna (river) Polish
419. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
420. Z
ZIBOR P Source: The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur Bison Slavic
ZOBIR P and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
421. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, tongue German
#
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
*TUNGǬ - from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto- Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - Indo-European *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin Latin
TONGUE - lingua English
Dictionary (~421) of perfect pentagrams
Appendix 2 – Overview of the Lúkos pentagrams
Lycus (/ˈlaɪkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, "wolf") is the name of multiple people in Greek
mythology26. In Greek mythology, Lycus or Lykos was a ruler of the ancient city of Ancient Thebes
(Boeotia). His rule was preceded by the regency of Nycteus and in turn, Lycus was succeeded by
the twins Amphion and Zethus.

Lycus (mythology)
The number of these names is 23:
1. LÚKOS, one of the Telchines[1] who fought under Dionysus in his Indian campaign.[2] He
is otherwise said to have erected a temple to Apollo Lycius on the banks of Xanthus river.[3]
2. LÚKOS, son of Prometheus and Celaeno, brother of Chimaerus. The brothers are said to
have had tombs in the Troad; they are otherwise unknown.[4]
3. LÚKOS of Athens, a wolf-shaped herο, whose shrine stood by the jurycourt, and the first
jurors were named after him.[5]
4. LÚKOS, an Egyptian prince as one of the sons of King Aegyptus. He suffered the same fate
as his other brothers, save Lynceus of Argos, when they were slain on their wedding night
by their wives who obeyed the command of their father King Danaus of Libya. Lycus was
the son of Aegyptus by Argyphia, a woman of royal blood and thus full brother of Lynceus,
Proteus, Enceladus, Busiris and Daiphron.[6] In some accounts, he could be a son of
Aegyptus either by Eurryroe, daughter of the river-god Nilus,[7] or Isaie, daughter of King
Agenor of Tyre.[8] Lycus married the Danaid Agave, daughter of Danaus and Europe.[6]
5. LÚKOS, son of Poseidon and Celaeno.[9]
6. LÚKOS, the "loudvoiced" satyr herald of Dionysus during the Indian War.[10] In secret
union, Hermes fathered him, Pherespondus and Pronomus, by Iphthime, daughter of Dorus.
[11] Eiraphiotes (i.e. Dionysus) entrusted to these three satyr brothers the dignity of 'the staff
of their wisdom-fostering father, the herald of heaven'.[12]
7. LÚKOS, son of Arrhetus and Laobie, who, together with his father and brothers, fought
under Deriades against Dionysus.[13]
8. LÚKOS, son of Pandion II and brother of King Aegeus of Athens.[14]
9. LÚKOS, son of Hyrieus and Clonia, and brother of Nycteus. He became the guardian of
Labdacus and Laius. Nycteus, unable to retrieve his daughter Antiope from Epopeus of
Sicyon, sent his brother Lycus to take her. He invaded Sicyon, killed Epopeus and gave
Antiope as a slave to his own wife, Dirce.[15]
10. LÚKOS, a descendant of the above Lycus, said to have usurped the power over Thebes.[16]
11. LÚKOS, son of Dascylus of Mysia or Mariandyne. He was hospitable towards the
Argonauts[17] and Heracles, who conquered the land of the Bebryces (Heraclea Pontica).
[18] He is apparently identical with the Lycus given as a son of Titias, brother of Priolaus
and eponym of a city.[19]
12. LÚKOS, same as Lycurgus (of Nemea).[20]
13. LÚKOS, the mortal lover of Coronis, mother of Asclepius.[21] He is otherwise commonly
known as Ischys, son of Elatus.
14. LÚKOS, a Thracian killed by Cycnus in single combat.[22]

26 Source: Lycus_(mythology)
 15. LÚKOS, a centaur at the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia, was killed by Pirithous.[23]
16. LÚKOS, a defender of Thebes in the war of the Seven against Thebes.[24]
17. LÚKOS and Pernis are listed by Hyginus[25] as parents of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, who
are otherwise known as sons of Ares and Astyoche.
18. LÚKOS, son of Ares and a Libyan king.[26]
19. LÚKOS, a Cretan princes as the son of King Idomeneus and Meda, probably the brother of
Orsilochus, Cleisithyra and Iphiclus. Together with the latter, they were slain by the usurper
Leucus.[27]
20. LÚKOS, one of the companions of Diomedes that were changed into birds in Italy[28]
21. LÚKOS, a lost companion of Aeneas[29]
22. LÚKOS, another companion of Aeneas, killed by Turnus.[30]
23. LÚKOS and Termerus were two notorious brigands in Caria.[31]

Lykos in rivers' names27

The following rivers are named LÚKOS (translated as “wolf”):
1. LÚKOS Lykos (Kilikien), an unidentified river to the Mediterranean Sea between Pyramos
(Ceyhan) and Pinaros (Payas Çayı or Deli Çayı) in Cilicia.
2. LÚKOS Lykos (Phrygien), a secondary river of the upper Meandros (Great Meander),
today: Çürüksu Çayı, near Laodikeia at Lykos
3. LÚKOS Lykos (Lydien), an unidentified secondary river of the Hyllus or directly the
Hermos (Gediz) in Lydia (İzmir/Manisa)
4. LÚKOS Lykos (Bithynien), an unidentified river to Pontus Euxeinos (the Black Sea) near
Heraclea Pontica
5. LÚKOS Lykos (Phrygien), a river in Phrygia, a secondary river of the upper Meandros
(Great Meander), today Çürüksu Çayı.
The name Lykos (LÚKOS) in Old Greek is documented for 6 rivers:
1. Kouris, a river to the Mediterranean sea at Cyprus (Cypros) near Kourion
2. Nahr al-Kalb, a river to the Mediterranean sea in Phoenicia (Libanon)
3. Kelkit Çayı, a river to Pontus Euxeinos (the Black Sea) near Nicopolis (Armenia)
4. Kalmius, a river to Palus Maeotis (the Asowic Sea) in Sarmatia (Ukraine)
5. Manytsch, a secondary river of the Tanais (Don) near the Thyssagetes (today's Southern
Russia)
6. Great Zab, a secondary river of the Tigris in Gordyene (Turkey)

27 Lykos_(Begriffsklärung) in German