GRADE 9 - 1st TERM CHEMISTRY REVISION

Q1. Lithium bromide is an ionic compound. It can be electrolysed when it is

molten or in aqueous
solution. It cannot be electrolysed as a solid.
(a) Solid lithium bromide is a poor conductor of electricity. The ions cannot
move to the electrodes,
they are held in an ionic lattice by strong forces.
(i) Describe the motion of the ions in the solid state.
(ii) Define the term ionic bonding.
(iii) What is meant by the term ionic lattice?

(b) The diagram shows the electrolysis of molten lithium bromide.

(i) Mark on the diagram the direction of the electron flow.

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode).
(iii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode).
(iv) Which ion is oxidised? Explain your answer.
(c) When aqueous lithium bromide is electrolysed, a colourless gas is formed
at the negative
electrode and the solution becomes alkaline.
Explain these observations and include an equation in your explanation.

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Q2. The table below shows the elements in the third period of the Periodic
Table,
the number of electrons in their outer energy level, their oxidation state in their
common
compounds and their melting points.

(a) Describe and explain the variation in oxidation state across the period
(b) Explain why Na, Mg and Al are good conductors of electricity.
(c) Which element exists as diatomic molecules of the type X2?
(d) Silicon has a similar structure to diamond.
(e) Explain why silicon has the highest melting point in the period.
(f) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram showing the bonding in magnesium
oxide. Show outer electrons only

Q3. The diagram shows a heating curve for a sample of compound X.

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(a) Is X a solid, a liquid or a gas at room temperature, 20 °C?
(b) Write an equation for the equilibrium which exists in region BC.
(c) Name the change of state which occurs in region DE.
(d) Explain how the curve shows that a pure sample of compound X was
used.

Q4. A list of techniques used to separate mixtures is given below.

Chromatography crystallisation diffusion dissolving
Evaporation filtration fractional distillation simple distillation
(i) From the list, choose the most suitable technique to separate the following.
water from sea-water .........................................................................................
helium from a mixture of helium and methane ...................................................
ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and propanol ................................................
iron fi lings from a mixture of iron filings and water ............................................
a mixture of two amino acids, glycine and alanine .............................................

Q5. Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. Both elements have
macromolecular structures.
(a) Diamond and graphite are two forms of the element carbon.
(i) Explain why diamond is a very hard substance.
(ii) Give one use of diamond.
(iii) Explain why graphite is a soft material.
(iv) give one use of graphite.
(b) Two of the oxides of these elements are carbon dioxide, CO2, and
silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2.
(i) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one
molecule of the covalent compound carbon dioxide.
Use x to represent an electron from a carbon atom.
Use o to represent an electron from an oxygen atom

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Q6. Two macromolecular forms of carbon are graphite and diamond. The
structures of graphite and diamond are given below.

(a) Explain in terms of its structure why graphite is soft and is a good
conductor of electricity.
(b) State two uses of graphite which depend on the above properties.
It is soft
...............................................................................................................
It is a good conductor of electricity
.....................................................................

Q7. Magnesium reacts with sulfur to form the ionic compound magnesium
sulfide, MgS.
The diagrams show the electronic structures of atoms of magnesium and
sulfur.

Complete the diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in

magnesium sulfide.
Show the charges on the ions.

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Q8. A 5.00 g sample of impure lead (II) nitrate was heated. The volume of
oxygen formed was 0.16 dm3 measured at r.t.p. The impurities did not
decompose. Calculate the percentage of lead (II) nitrate in the sample.

Number of moles of O2 formed = .......................................

Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 in the sample = .......................................
Mass of one mole of Pb(NO3)2 = 331 g
Mass of lead(II) nitrate in the sample = ....................................... g
Percentage of lead(II) nitrate in sample = .....................................

B. Maleic acid is an unsaturated acid. 5.8 g of this acid contained 2.4 g of

carbon, 0.2 g of hydrogen and 3.2 g of oxygen.
(i) How do you know that the acid contained only carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen?
(ii) Calculate the empirical formula of maleic acid.
Number of moles of carbon atoms = ................................
Number of moles of hydrogen atoms = ................................
Number of moles of oxygen atoms = ................................
The empirical formula is ............................................................................

C. Two salts can be made from potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. They
are potassium sulfate, K2SO4, and the acid salt potassium hydrogen sulfate,
KHSO4. They are both made by titration.

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25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide, concentration 2.53 mol / dm3 , was
neutralised by 28.2 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid.

Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid.

number of moles of KOH used = ............................
number of moles of H2SO4 needed to neutralise the KOH = ............................
concentration of dilute sulfuric acid = ............................ mol / dm3
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Q10. During electrolysis, ions move in the electrolyte and electrons move in
the
external circuit. Reactions occur at the electrodes.
a. The diagram shows the electrolysis of molten lithium iodide.

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(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the electron flow in
the external circuit.
(ii) Electrons are supplied to the external circuit. How and where is this done?
(iii) Explain why solid lithium iodide does not conduct electricity but when
molten it is a good conductor.
b. Displacement reactions are redox reactions.
On the following equation, draw a ring around the reducing agent and an
arrow to show the change which is oxidation

c. Complete the following ionic equation.