HMN101

Art History- is the study of objects of art considered within their time period.
- encompasses the study of objects created by different cultures around the world and
throughout history that convey meaning, importance or serve usefulness primarily through visual
representations.
Art historians- analyze visual arts’ meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were
created.
Cave Art- Emerged around 40 – 50,000 years ago. Transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic period and
the advent of the modern human.
Cave painting- is considered one of the first expressions of the human animal’s appreciation of beauty and
a representation of a mystic or sacred side to life. Hundreds of images of animals in vibrant color and
striking poses of action can be seen in the prehistoric art gallery on rocks worldwide.
Cave artists- use a variety of techniques such as finger tracing, modeling in clay, engravings, bas-relief
sculpture, hand stencils, and paintings done in two or three colors. Scholars classify cave art as "Signs" or
abstract marks.
The most common subjects in cave paintings are large wild animals, such as bison, horses, aurochs, and
deer, and tracings of human hands as well as abstract patterns, called finger flutings.
Egyptian Art- Ancient Egyptian Art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th century BC and
the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt.
Greek Art- Began in the Cycladic and Minoan civilization, and gave birth to Western classical art. It
absorbed influences of Eastern civilizations, of Roman art and its patrons, and the new religion of Orthodox
Christianity in the Byzantine era and absorbed Italian and European ideas during the period of
Romanticism (with the invigoration of the Greek Revolution), until the Modernist and Postmodernist.
Roman Art- refers to visual arts that were designed in ancient Rome, during the time of the Roman Empire.
Roman Art comprises of architecture, sculpture, and mosaic works.
Medieval Art- The medieval period of art history began at the time of the fall of the Roman Empire in 300
CE and continued until the beginning of the Renaissance in 1400 CE.

The Middle Age is Divided into three parts:

1. Byzantine
• Some of the world’s greatest mosaic were created during this time.
• Mosaics were intended to publicize Christianity
• Imagery incorporated halos spotlighting sacred figures.
• Human figures were flat, stiff, symmetrically placed, with no movement.

2. Romanesque Art
• Roman Catholic faith is established
• Builder construct churches borrowing elements from Roman architecture, like rounded arches and
columns.
• This borrowing gave way to the name Romanesque
• Churches were built using the layout of the crucifix.

3. Gothic Art
• The height of the Middle ages artistic achievement are the Gothic cathedrals, characterized
by soaring vertical pointed arches
The 2 new engineering breakthroughs made these intricate possible:
1.) Ribbed vaulting (arched ceilings)
 2.) Flying Buttresses- A buttress is a support –usually brick and stone---built against a wall to
support or reinforce it.
Chinese Painting- is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. Painting in the traditional
style is known today in Chinese as guó huà meaning "national painting" or "native painting", as opposed
to Western styles of art which became popular in China in the 20th century.
Gong Bi- (fine strokes), that is, drawing details with fine strokes and rich colors
Yi Bi- (rough strokes), drawing with rough strokes and light colors.
Ukiyo e (Japanese Print)- Literally meaning " Pictures of the Floating World," Ukiyo-e refers to a style of
Japanese woodblock print and painting from the Edo period depicting famous theater actors, beautiful
courtesans, city life, travel in romantic landscapes, and erotic scenes.
Renaissance Art- is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known
as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with
developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music, science, and technology. Renaissance art
took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions, but
transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by
applying contemporary scientific knowledge.
Mannerism Art- also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years
of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of
the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Northern Mannerism continued into
the early 17th century.
Baroque Arts- The Baroque is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts that
flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s. In the territories of the Spanish and
Portuguese empires including the Iberian Peninsula it continued, together with new styles, until the first
decade of the 19th century.
Rococo Arts- commonly known as Roccoco or Late Baroque, It potrays an exceptionally ornamental and
theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding,
white and pastel colors, sculpted molding, and trompe-l'œil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of
motion and drama. It is often described as the final expression of the Baroque movement.
NeoClassicism- A Western cultural movement in the decorative, visual arts, literature, theatre, music,
and architecture that portrays inspirations from the art and culture of classical antiquity.
Romanticism- is an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards
the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to
1850.
Realism- is an art style that focuses on making pieces look as realistic and true-to-life as possible. Think of
realistic portraits, landscapes, and still life paintings. These are all forms of realism which aim to capture
the subject in a realistic style, and possibly to portray the subject in a way that captures the realities of
life.
Impressionism- A major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France
during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
POST – IMPRESSIONISM- Is a predominantly french art movement that developed roughly between 1886
and 1905. It is a term used to describe the reaction in 1880s against impressionism.
Neoclassical Art- It is also called Neoclassicism and Classicism, a widespread and influential movement in
painting and the other visual arts that began in the 1760s, reached its height in the 1780s and ’90s, and
lasted until the 1840s and ’50s.
ART NOUVEAU- Ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe
and the United States. The Art Nouveau movement attempted to revive pride in craftsmanship. They
wanted to revive this under a new era of design that rejected frivolity and based the aesthetics of an object
on how they contributed to the function of the object or at least harmonized with it. Art Nouveau disliked
the art community’s rejection of craft as non-art and sought to remedy it. This ultimately led to art
nouveau becoming more of a craft-based form, being ousted by Art Deco not long after.
SYMBOLSIM- What unites the various artists and styles associated with Symbolism is the emphasis on
emotions, feelings, ideas, and subjectivity rather than realism. Their works are personal and express their
own ideologies, particularly the belief in the artist's power to reveal truth.

Symbolism focused on the abstract use of symbols to express the spiritual reality behind the physical
world. Art Nouveau sought to bring modernity and elegance to composition and design.

Fauvism is an art movement that was established towards the beginning of the 20th century. Characterized
by its bold colours, textured brushwork and non-naturalistic depictions, the Fauvist style marked a seminal
moment in the early 20th century.
EXPRESSIONISM- It refers to art in which the image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of
the artist's inner feelings or ideas.
- Expressionism is considered more as an international tendency than a coherent art
movement, which was particularly influential at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Cubism- is one of the most influential art movements of the 20th century, which broke with the tendency
in art at the time to create the illusion of a three-dimensional space from a fixed viewpoint on a two-
dimensional canvas.
Futurism -was an Italian art movement of the early 20th century, which aimed to capture the dynamism
and energy of the modern world in art.
Abstract Art- emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction against representational art.
Non-objective Art- type of art that does not represent or display an identifiable subject.
Dadaism- primarily goal was to subvert societal conventions and create work that was meant to shock,
perplex, or incite people. It flourished by counterattacking every social norm that was considered
conventional.
Surrealism Art- to transform the human condition. It strikes a balance between a rational outlook on life
and one that affirms the influence of dreams and the unconscious.
Optical Art- objects related to human vision are referred to be optical.
Pop Art- blurred the boundaries between high art and popular culture by using recognizable, common
materials and imagery from popular culture in their works.
Minimalism- cropped up in the early 1960s in New York and saw artists testing the boundaries of various
media.
Conceptual art- is characterized by a focus on the idea or concept underlying the piece rather
than the final product. The term "it" mainly refers to work created between the mid-1960s
and the mid-1970s. It originated as an art trend in the 1960s.
Photo realism- often referred to as Hyperrealism or Superrealism, is a term used to describe
painters whose work is purposefully based on photographs that they frequently project onto
canvases, enabling precise and accurate reproduction of scenes.
Body Art- created with, on, or from the human body is known as body art. The various types of
body art include scarification, tattoos, body painting, and body piercings, to name a few. The
body is explored through body art in a range of media, including painting, casting, photography,
film, and video.
CONSTRUCTIVISM ART- function of the artist was reinterpreted under constructivism; rather than being a
painter with a brush, the artist became an engineer with tools. The Constructivists saw art as a component
of a larger visual program that aimed to arouse public consciousness and direct it toward issues of social
inequality, class conflict, and revolution.
Baroque music- style of Western classical music that flourished from around 1600 to 1750, encompassing
the transition between the Renaissance and Classical periods. It is known for its ornate, highly expressive,
and elaborate compositions.
Classical music- broad and enduring genre of Western art music that encompasses compositions created
from the Middle Ages to the present day. It is characterized by its structural complexity, formal
organization, and the use of traditional
instruments and notation systems.
Romantic music- genre of Western classical music that evolved during the
19th century, characterized by an emphasis on emotional expression, individualism, and a
departure from the structured forms of the Classical period. It is a deeply personal and
often introspective style of music that reflects the artists' inner emotions, often seeking to
evoke a wide range of feelings in the listener
Modern music- in a broad sense, refers to music composed and produced in the
20th and 21st centuries, extending from the early 1900s to the present day. It
encompasses a wide range of styles, techniques, and genres, reflecting the diverse and
evolving nature of music in the modern era.

GEORGE BRAQUE
MICHAELANGELO
SALVADOR DALI
VINCENT VAN GOGH- Dutch painter who began his career at the age of 16 and worked in art dealers in
The Hague and London
CLAUDE MONET- one of the founding fathers of Impressionism.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN- often referred to as the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String
Quartet," was an Austrian composer of the Classical era.
FREDERIC CHOPIN- Polish-born composer and pianist of the Romantic era. He lived from 1810 to 1849 and
is celebrated for his exceptional contributions to solo piano music.
CARL MARIA VON WEBER- German Romantic composer, conductor, pianist, and music critic who lived
from 1786 to 1826. He is best known for his contributions to opera and is often regarded as a key figure in
the development of Romantic opera.
FRANZ LISZT- Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and music teacher.
EDVARD MUNCH- Norwegian painter and printmaker.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY- French composer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is often considered one
of the pioneers of modern and impressionist music.
RENE MAGRITTE
PABLO PICASSO
JOHAN SEBASTIAN BACH- German Baroque composer, is widely regarded as one of the most influential
and celebrated figures in the history of Western classical music.
JOHANNES BRAHMS- German composer and pianist of the Romantic era, born In 1833 and passing away
in 1897. He is known for his profound contributions to the symphonic, chamber, and piano music genres,
and he is often regarded as one of the "Three Bs" of classical music, alongside Bach and Beethoven.
Brahms' music is characterized by its structural rigor, emotional depth, and mastery of classical forms.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN- a German composer and pianist of the late Classical and early Romantic
periods.

THE SCREAM- famous artwork of Edvard Munch, often seen as a symbol of modern humanity’s spiritual
anguish.
MONALISA
SYMPHONY NO. 9- Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is one of the most renowned and celebrated works in
the classical repertoire. It is famous for its final movement, which includes the "Ode to Joy," based on
Friedrich Schiller's poem, and features a full choir and soloists.
MOONLIGHT SONATA- is one of Beethoven's most famous piano compositions. Its first movement, "Adagio
sostenuto," is particularly recognizable and has a haunting, lyrical quality that has made it a favorite of
pianists and music enthusiasts.
PYRAMIDS
AVE MARIA- Schubert's "Ave Maria" is one of his most recognized and cherished compositions. It is a
setting of the Latin prayer "Ave Maria" combined with a German translation of a portion of Sir Walter
Scott's poem "The Lady of the Lake." This piece is renowned for its serene and contemplative beauty.
STARRY NIGHT- famous artwork of Vincent Van Gogh
THE RED ROOM- most famous work of Henry Matisse.