GE9 Chapter 1

Introduction to the Course: REPUBLIC ACT 1425

MANDATORY OPENING OF
- RIZAL BILL - this involves mandating educational institutions in the country to offer
a course on Rizal's life, works, and writings especially his 2 novels.

- the main proponent of the said bill is FORMER SENATOR CLARO M. RECTO, the
bill was heavily opposed particularly by the Catholic Church because of the issue,
Recto was named as a communist and an anti-Catholic. His co-author is FORMER
SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL.
- The bill was passed on June 12, 1956.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

- Yung RIZAL BILL ay naging REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 known as "RIZAL LAW".

- FULL NAME of the law:

- “AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE,
WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO. AUTHORIZING THE
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING RIZAL

1. The subject provides insights into how to deal with current problems.
2. It helps us understand better ourselves as Filipinos
3. It teaches nationalism and patriotism
4. It provides various essential life lessons
5. It helps in developing logical and critical thinking
6. Rizal can serve as a worthwhile model and inspiration to every Filipino.
7. The subject is a rich source of entertaining narratives.
OTHER RELATED TO RIZAL LAW
1. MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 247-1994
- Former President Fidel V. Ramos directed the full implementation of the RA 1425.

2. CHED MEMORANDUM NO. 3- 1995

- enforced the strict compliance to Memorandum Order No. 247.

3. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 229

- an act prohibiting cockfighting, horse racing, and jai-alai on the 30th of December of
each year. Kasama dito ang pagbuo ng committee para maipagdiwang ang Rizal Day sa
bawat bayan.
ECONOMIC CONTEXT

1. END OF GALLEON TRADE

• 1565, the port of Manila was closed to trading with other countries except Mexico.
• GALLEON TRADE (1565-1815) was a ship trade going back and forth between Manila
(which landed first in Cebu) and ACAPULCO, MEXICO.
• Also known as MANILA-ACAPULCO TRADE
• ANDRES DE URDANETA in convoy with MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI discovered a
return route from CEBU TO MEXICO.
• MGA PRODUKTO MULA SA PILIPINAS:
Mango de Manila, Tamarind, rice, carabao, cockfighting materials, Chinese tea and textiles,
fireworks, tuba (coconut wine) making.
• MGA PRODUKTO MULA SA MEXICO:
Guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple, horses and cattle
• MANILA served as a trading hub during the Galleon trade.
• CHINESE PEOPLE became the “workers” under this setup.
• The Galleon trade ended on September 14, 1815.
2. OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL
• SUEZ CANAL is an artificial waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and
Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.
• developed by the Suez Canal Company under the authority of FERDINAND DE LESSEPS.
• Formally opened on November 17, 1869
• Travel time was significantly reduced from 3 months to 32-40 days.

4. MONOPOLIES
• A market structure where a single seller or producer assumes a dominant position in an
industry or sector.
• One of the most profitable monopolies is the OPIUM MONOPOLY.
• Monopolies in the Philippines before 1850:
- SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS (1712-1864)
- BETEL NUT (1764)
- TOBACCO (1782-1882)
- EXPLOSIVES (1805-1864)
• MARCH 1, 1782 nang maipasailalim ni GOVERNOR-GENERAL JOSE BASCO ang
tobacco monopoly sa colonial government.
• Nagbaba ng order para sa malawakang pagtatanim ng tobacco sa mga probinsiya ng
CAGAYAN VALLEY, ILOCOS NORTE, ILOCOS SUR, ABRA, LA UNION, ISABELA,
NUEVA ECIJA, AT MARINDUQUE.
• Nabuwag ang tobacco monopoly noong 1882.

RISE OF THE INQUILINOS

• Meaning tenant.
• However, sa 19th century Philippines, ang INQUILINO SYSTEM ay tumutukoy sa qualified
system of tenancy, or right to use land in exchange for rent.
• The SPANISH FRIARS own the lands under the Inquilino system, they are called “absentee
landlords.”
• Responsibilities of an administrator include collection of rent, organizing the deliveries to the
local market or to Manila, remit the profit from selling the harvests and from the rent.
• Some Inquilinos become “overlords”.

IMPACT OF THE BOURBON REFORMS

• Advocated by SPANISH BOURBON KING PHILIP V and his successors, Ferdinand VI
and Charles III; it is a century-long effort to reform and modify the Spanish Empire.
• Bourbon reforms are POLICY CHANGES.
• This attempted to reduce illegal things brought in and out of the country, reclaim control over
transatlantic trade, restrict church’s power, reform state finances to fill dwindling royal coffers,
and found tighter administrative and political control within the empire.

CADIZ CONSTITUTION
• March 1812
• Philippine delegates are PEDRO PEREZ DE TAGLE & JOSE MANUEL CORETTO.
• Philippine deputy to the Spanish Court is DON VENTURA DE LOS REYES.
• Under the said constitution, sovereignty was vested in the people, equality of all men was
recognized as well as the individual liberty of the citizens, and right to suffrage was granted.

POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
1. LIBERALISM
• A worldview founded on the ideas of freedom and equality.
• 1789 to 1799 French Revolution
with the battle cry, “Having Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”.
• Political disturbances in Spain during the French Revolution are changes in parliaments and
constitutions, Peninsular war, loss of Spanish America , and the struggle between the liberals and
conservatives.
• The struggle between the conservatives and the liberals brought about ANTI-
CLERICALISM.
• Later on, QUEEN ISABELA II was dethroned.
• Under a provisional government, GOVERNOR-GENERAL CARLOS MARIA DE LA
TORRE was appointed the Governor General of the Philippines from 1869 to 1871.
• De la Torre was dubbed as the “FIRST LIBERAL GOVERNOR-GENERAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES” and the “MOST BELOVED OF THE SPANISH Governor-Generals ever
assigned in the country”.
• EDUARDO CAMERINO was an agrarian uprising leader in Cavite.

THE SURNAME RIZAL

- Their great-great grandfather, DOMINGO LAM-CO adopted the name Mercado which
means "market".
- Jose's father, Francisco eventually became a farmer and adopted the surname RIZAL (Ricial
meaning "the green of young growth" or "green fields"). The Surname was suggested by a
provincial governor who was a friend of the family.

EARLY EDUCATION
THE CHILDHOOD OF A PHENOM
- A PHENOM is someone who is exceptionally talented or admired; Rizal, especially during
his childhood was none less than a phenom.
 3 YEARS OLD - His first memory was his happy days in their family garden. His
father even built a nipa cottage for him to play in the daytime.
- daily Angelus prayer in their home.

 4 YEARS OLD - He lost his younger sister, CONCHA in 1865 due to sickness.

 5 YEARS OLD - He learned to read the Spanish family Bible. He loved to go to the
chapel, pray, participate in novenas, and join religious processions.
- he started to make pencil sketches and mold clay and wax objects.

 6 YEARS OLD - His sisters once laughed at him for spending too much time making
clay and wax images to which he prophetically responded "All right laugh at me now!
Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me."
 7 YEARS OLD. He and his father rode a "CASCO" (a flat bottomed boat with a roof)
on their way to a pilgrimage in Antipolo. - he received a pony named "ALIPATO" from
his father as a gift. He loves to ride this pony or take long walks with his black dog
named "USMAN".
  BEFORE 8 YEARS OLD. He had written a drama which was performed at a local
festival. A GOBERNADORCILLO from Paete purchased the manuscript of the drama
for two pesos.
- he was also interested in magic; he learned different tricks such as making a coin disappear
and making a handkerchief vanish in thin air.
OTHER INFLUENCES TO HIS CHILDHOOD:
- Tio Jose Alberto, inspired him to cultivate his artistic ability
- Tio Manuel, encouraged him to fortify his body through physical exercises
- Tio Gregorio intensified his avidness to read good books.

EDUCATION IN CALAMBA
- Rizal's first teacher was his mother who taught him Spanish, corrected his composed poems,
and coached him in rhetoric.
- private tutors were hired to give him lessons at home.
- MAESTRO CELESTINO tutored him; MAESTRO LUCAS PADUA later succeeded
Celestino.
- LEON MONROY, a former classmate of his father became his tutor in Spanish and Latin.
EDUCATION IN BIÑAN
- Rizal was sent to private school in BIÑAN.
- in JUNE 1869, he was brought to the school of MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ.
The school was in the teacher's house, a small nipa house near the home of Jose's aunt where he
stayed.
- Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. Jose won because he learned wrestling from his Tio Manuel.
- he also had an arm-wrestling match with his classmate Andres Salandanan.
- in the following days, Jose is said to have some ither fights with Biñan boys.
- He might not have won all the physical fights, nevertheless, he beat all the Biñan boys
academically in Spanish, Latin, and many other subjects.
- Don Francisco decided to send him to a school Manila upon learning from his Maestro Cruz
that Jose has indeed finished already all the needed curricular works at school.

EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

• LEYES DE INDIAS (Laws of the Indies) of King Philip II – it mandated the Spanish
authorities in the Philippines to educate the locals.