International Bachelor Degree

National Economic University

- - - - - -

“Opinions of British Council teachers in Vietnam on the

latest information about the British Prime Minister”.

Instructor: Mrs. Do Thi Kieu Lan

Subject: Project level 4

Student: Nguyen Phuong Anh

Class: I18S3 - Intake 18 Fall

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my mentor, Ms.
Do Thi Kieu Lan, who provided the opportunity and invaluable support
for me to complete the project “Opinions of the Association of
Teachers”. British Council in Vietnam for the latest information about
the British Council. British Prime Minister".
Second, I would like to express my gratitude to the 10 British teachers
working at the British Council who took the time to answer the
interview and give me additional advice on this research paper. In
addition, I would like to thank my friends who helped give me advice so
that I could complete my research paper.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family for always
encouraging and supporting me throughout my studies.
 ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to help IBD students understand more about
British politics through a survey of the opinions of teachers working at
the British Council in Hanoi Vietnam about their opinions of the current
British Prime Minister. This study mainly discusses issues such as the
political situation in the UK, the economic crises that the UK is facing,
the participants' political reading habits, and the opinions of others
interviewed about the British Prime Minister. With the answer of the
participants, the 5 questions will be answered and lead to conclusions
and advice for later IBD students to have more ideas for doing research.
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................................2
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................7
1.1. BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................7
1.2. RATIONALE.......................................................................................................................................8
1.3. PURPOSES OF THE RESEARCH................................................................................................................8
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS.........................................................................................................................8
1.5. SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH.....................................................................................................................9
1.6. TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................10
2.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................10
2.2. DEFINITION.....................................................................................................................................10
2.3. REASONS WHY ENGLISH PEOPLE ARE WORRIED ABOUT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE UK....................................11
2.4. THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC RECESSION..................................................................................................11
2.4.1. ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMICS RECESSION............................................................................................11
2.4.2. DISADVANTAGE OF ECONOMIC RECESSION...........................................................................................12
2.4.2.1. DECREASED PROFITABILITY............................................................................................................12
2.4.2.2. REDUCED CASH FLOW..................................................................................................................12
2.4.2.3. SHAREHOLDER DISSATISFACTION....................................................................................................12
2.4.2.4. POOR CUSTOMER OUTCOMES........................................................................................................13
2.5. SOLUTIONS TO AN ECONOMIC RECESSION..............................................................................................13
2.5.1. REDUCING TAXES..........................................................................................................................13
2.5.2. QUANTITATIVE EASING...................................................................................................................13
2.5.3. INTEREST RATES............................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................14
3.1 PARTICIPANTS..................................................................................................................................14
3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS....................................................................................................................14
3.3 RESEARCH PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................................14
3.3.1. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE DEFINITION......................................................................................................14
3.3.2. POPULATION AND SAMPLE..............................................................................................................15
3.3.3. COLLECTING RESPONSE...................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 4. MAJOR FINDINGS & ANALYSIS.........................................................................................15
4.1. OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN THE BC..........................................................................................15
4.2 EFFECT OF CAMPAIGNERS’ GENDER ON THE RESULTS OF THE ELECTION...........................................................19
4.4 OPINIONS ABOUT RISHI SUNAK............................................................................................................21
4.5 OPINIONS ABOUT RISHI SUNAK’S LOYALTY..............................................................................................22
4.6 THE POSSIBILITY OF INCOME CAN AFFECT THE TEACHER’S READING NEWS HABIT...............................................23
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................24
5.1 SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH...............................................................................................................24
5.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH............................................................................................................24
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH.........................................................................................25
APPENDIX..........................................................................................................................................26
REFERENCE.........................................................................................................................................27
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background

In the current economic crisis, inflation is happening at a dizzying rate.

“Despite the softening of the economy, last week's economic data
showed the possibility of inflation continuing to seep into the money,”
said Benjamin Nabarro, senior global strategist and macro expert at
Citigroup. Wages and prices will accelerate even more. “Inflation will
likely peak at a much higher rate than the 13% forecast given by the
Bank of England in August 2022, so we think the BoE would conclude
that the probability of persistently high inflation has been dramatically
increased.”

The race for the leadership of the Conservative Party has been heating
up since Ms. Truss announced her resignation on October 20 and
became the shortest Prime Minister in office in the UK, just six weeks.
Her economic plan, also known as the "compact budget", caused
economic turmoil and damaged the Conservative Party's credibility. The
debt-based tax cuts that Mrs.Truss offered did not reverse the economic
predicament facing Britain. Ms. Truss' economic strategy has pushed the
pound to a 37-year low against the dollar, while also pushing up
borrowing costs and government mortgage rates.

So as a matter of course, criticism and repressive pressure forced her to

resign. Four days after her resignation, on October 24, 2022, former
British finance minister Rishi Sunak won the race for leadership of the
country's conservative party. On October 25, 2022 (local time), after
meeting King Charles III on the morning of the same day, Mr. Sunak,
42, officially became Britain's third Prime Minister in less than two
months. and the first black Prime Minister, the first Asian Prime
Minister of the UK, and the youngest Prime Minister in "fog country" in
more than 200 years.
A big question now is how people in Britain react to the sudden change
in their country's leaders. Therefore, my study will focus on British
people working at the British Council and living in Hanoi, Vietnam
reacting to the above information. This research paper will not only
show the thoughts and opinions of British people in the British Council
in Vietnam but also aims to show the interest of British people living
and working away from England and how they catch up with the news in
their hometown.

1.2. Rationale

Until now, British people have not been able to directly vote for their
new Prime Minister. The appointment of the former Prime Minister, Liz
Truss or choosing a successor to Rishi Sunak is not in the hands of the
British public but only by members of the ruling Conservative Party.
Therefore, this study will help people better understand the views,
thoughts, and attitudes of the British people and more specifically living
in Vietnam towards the new British Prime Minister and his policies. On
the other hand, this study also helps Vietnamese students who are
interested in the politics of the UK to expand their knowledge, helping
them, especially students who want to study abroad, have a better,
deeper perspective on British politics and British people.

1.3. Purposes of the research

This research paper aims to identify the attitude of British people

working at the British Council in Hanoi, Vietnam. Therefore, this study
can help researchers, and the British government can have a better
understanding of policies to change the way the state apparatus is run.

1.4. Research questions

The present study attempts to find answers to the following research

questions:
 1. How do British teachers working at the British Council in Hanoi
access political news in their country?
2. How do British teachers working at the British Council in Hanoi
think about not being able to directly vote to elect the British’s
Prime Minister?
3. What are the attitudes of the British teachers working at the British
Council in Hanoi to the British political situation and Rishi Sunak?
4. Does personal income affect the British teachers working at the
British Council in Hanoi’s interest in reading political news?
5. Can gender affect the outcome of the UK Prime Minister election?

1.5. Scope of the research

This study was conducted on 10 participants including British teachers

who teach or work in offices at the British Council in Hanoi, Vietnam.
To create the complete analysis, I did it in 12 weeks with the guidance of
Ms. Kieu Lan and the support of IBD friends.

1.6. Tentative structure of the research

The study has five main parts: Introduction, Literature Review, Research
Methodology, Findings and Discussion, and Conclusion. First, the
introduction gives the reader an overview of the political situation in
England. Second, the document review will talk about the differences
between the two presidents Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak. Third, Research
Methods aims to illustrate the research process, participants, and tools
and to describe in detail the methods of carrying out this research.
Fourth, Findings and Discussions include the main parts that the study
needs to clarify, such as British people's attitudes in Vietnam about the
political situation in the UK. Besides, it shows the influence of the
British people when their country is going through an economic crisis.
Last but not least, the conclusion is the study summary. It also shows the
limits of research - the exploration of British culture and politics.
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction

Figures released by the Office for National Statistics on August 12

showed that the UK economy in the second quarter shrank by 0.1%. The
Bank of England forecasts that the UK economy is at risk of falling into
a year-long recession from the end of this year as Britons continue to
suffer from a cost-of-living crisis coupled with high inflation. The most
in decades. People in the UK are trying to get through a difficult period
caused by high inflation when prices of everything from food to energy
have skyrocketed. According to market researcher NielsenIQ, nine out
of 10 Britons surveyed said they increasingly have to consider spending
on food. ASDA supermarket noted in June that about 20% of customers
are cutting back on spending and choosing their own branded items over
other branded products if they can save money.

2.2. Definition

To better perceive this research, we tend should initially understand how

politics works in England. The Prime Minister is the head of state of
nice UK and also the Queen (or King) is the head of state. In elections,
Brits select Members of Parliament (MPs) to represent them. There are
several political parties within the UK, however, the massive 3 are the
party (the main party on the left), the Liberal Democrats (the main party
in the center), and the Conservatives (the main party on the correct ).
There are parties representing different elements of the UK, adore the
Scottish National Party, and textile Wales in Wales.
Also, it's vital during this study to know recessions. In economics, a
recession is defined as a decline in economic growth. Moreover, once an
associate in the nursing economy experiences 2 consecutive quarters of
recession, this happens when GDP falls from the previous quarter.

2.3. Reasons why English people are worried about economic

growth in the UK

The economic downturn of a country always makes the people of that

country afraid and the people of England are no exception. In a
reportage (BBC, 2022), Mr. Antony Drew shared that his store will have
to face the risk of closing due to the effects of the economic downturn.
Besides, the UK's inflation has also tended to go up, making goods
expensive, and people have to reduce spending.

2.4. The effects of economic recession

2.4.1. Advantages of economics recession

Up to now, there is a majority of people who think that the economic

recession is a nightmare of a society and a country without expecting
that the economic downturn will bring positive aspects to the
environment and society. festival. The challenge now is to use this
recession as an opportunity to promote cleaner economic plans and
upgrade manufacturing facilities to weather the crisis, so that when the
economy recovers, this factory will not cause further harm to the
environment. It's no coincidence that some of the world's dirtiest
industries are falling victim to the global recession. Over the past two
decades, many industrial facilities globally have moved to locations with
“yes-no” pollution standards. Because they tend to evade environmental
laws and are most vulnerable in the event of a sudden drop in market
demand, these small and inefficient manufacturing facilities suffer from
the ongoing crisis extremely "excluded".
2.4.2. Disadvantage of economic recession

Many smaller businesses lack the financial strength (and influence over
their customers/suppliers) to deal with an economic downturn. If they do
not have the habit of saving some money to prevent situations such as
financial crises, especially the financial crisis caused by Covid-19, they
will have difficulties in living and borrowing from banks. As a result,
companies went bankrupt, many people lost their jobs and the country
was hit hard. All businesses can face some of the following problems
during a recession: declining profits, reduced cash flow, disgruntled
shareholders, and poor customer outcomes.

2.4.2.1. Decreased profitability

Out of caution, customers reduce their payments in economically strong

times. This means that businesses are finding it increasingly difficult to
generate the sales they normally expect. And your financial gain will
inevitably be affected.

2.4.2.2. Reduced cash flow

Not solely are customers and business partners outlay less once the
economy is in trouble, but, lenders also are less able to give income (due
to the risks involved). Additionally, customers |to sponsors |to buyers}
might miss payments (or generate late fees), that additional reduces the
quantity of liquid returning through the corporate.

2.4.2.3. Shareholder dissatisfaction

The decline in profitability and cash flow is finally approaching official

company reports and as a result, the company's share price may be
impacted. Once that happens, shareholders aren't happy and may even
question the performance of the top players (or plan to leave them).
2.4.2.4. Poor customer outcomes

In times of desperation, businesses can look to improve their bottom line

with any hint needed. this can cause them to cut corners during
assembly, resulting in very low-quality products. Or they will eliminate
many of their resources, which means they are currently unable to
deliver to customers on time.

2.5. Solutions to an Economic Recession

2.5.1. Reducing Taxes

When governments cut back taxes, it usually comes at the price of

widening the budget deficit. The government receives fewer tax receipts,
but sometimes keeps outlay at a constant level – in that manner, the
economy gets an associate degree combination boost. Whereas this will
increase the budget deficit, it puts additional hands into the pockets of
the ordinary consumer. The effectiveness of a discount in tax can rely
upon the marginal propensity to consume. In alternative words, shares of
that financial gain go to be spent within wider economics. If the
propensity to consume is high, then shoppers could pay all of the tax
breaks at the shops. In turn, any product and services are being
demanded, which creates jobs and boosts the economy.

2.5.2. Quantitative Easing

Most financial organizations use quantitative easing to flood the market

with new money, to liquidate the credit markets – creating it easier for
money establishments to lend money. The central bank obtains
government debt from financial institutions, which then frees them up to
lend to shoppers and businesses. Alternatively, the institutions might
merely simply buy contemporary government debt – if it chooses to
borrow more.
2.5.3. Interest Rates

By lowering interest rates, the financial organization puts money into the
pockets of shoppers and businesses – which inspires savers to pay their
money. therefore consumers with variable-rate mortgages pay less to
their supplier every month. Instead, they need that extra stream of
financial gain to spend within the economy. Lower interest rates
conjointly mean businesses ought to pay back less – providing a lift to
the firm’s cash flow. These lower rates also create it cheaper to borrow,
which creates a chance for companies to speculate on higher equipment.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Participants

The study will undertake to collect and evaluate the attitudes of British
staff working at the British Council in Hanoi. 10 employees will
participate in this survey.

3.2 Research instruments

The qualitative method was chosen for this survey which aims to
understand the opinions and thoughts about the latest English Priminister
of English employees working at BC, Vietnam. I will interview 10
employees, and also give them a survey to analyze the results easier.

3.3 Research Procedure

3.3.1. Research objective definition

10 British teachers in BC will be invited to participate in this test. They

are people who work as teachers, office workers, managers, or other
positions at the BC. Their age ranges from 30-70 years old. Most of
them are people who have worked for 1 year or more in Vietnam.

3.3.2. Population and sample

The survey targeted employees at the BC at 10 out of 27 employees.

3.3.3. Collecting response

Interview structure is the methodology of the option to collect answers

from employees. As a result, they supply a fast, efficient, and cheap
thanks of acquiring a great deal of information from large sample sizes,
structured interviews are a preferred analysis method. These tools are
helpful for assessing thoroughly their behavior, preferences, intentions,
attitudes, and views on the subject.

CHAPTER 4. MAJOR FINDINGS & ANALYSIS

4.1. Overview of English teachers in the BC

Figure 1: The percentage of participant’s gender
 Figure 1: The percentage of participant’s gender
The pie chart (Figure 1) depicts the gender of the involvers who are
teaching in the BC.
In general, it can be seen that of 20 teachers participating in the
interview, Men make up a larger percentage than women.
As can be seen on the graph, in my research, three-quarters of them are
Male which is 70%.

50-
Age 20-30 30-50
75
Number of participants 1 6 3
Average Times per week 0 4 7

Figure 2: Table of age, number, and average time reading political

news of participants.

The above table (Figure 2) shows three personal information of

participants to assess whether age affects the reading habits of political
newspapers of British teachers working in BC.
In general, we can easily see that the older they are, the more interested
they are in reading the newspaper every day.
The youngest age group, they do not have the habit of reading the
newspaper every day. This may be because at that age they are more
interested in reading newspapers related to people, society, or
entertainment but not interested in reading newspapers related to
politics.
In the remaining two age groups, their weekly newspaper readings
increased significantly. Age group 30-50 years old, they tend to read on
average 4 times a week. Moreover, in the youngest age group, they tend
to read political newspapers every day
 Figure 3: Percentage of participants using tools to access political
news

The graph (Figure 3) above shows the percentage of users across

different political information access tools.
In general, the tools are divided into 5 categories with electronic
newspapers accounting for the overwhelming proportion.
First on the list is the online newspaper with 100% of participants saying
that they use it. Next is Social Media with nearly 2/3 of the largest
group. Blogs are the third most popular tool used by nearly a third of the
participants.
The remaining two groups have the lowest percentage of users with 10%
and 0% for Friends and Original newspapers, respectively
 Newspaper reading frequency

Never 20%

3-5 times per week 30%

1-2 times per week 10%

Everyday 40%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Figure 4: Percentage of participants who read political news

The bar chart (Figure 4) shows the proportions of each item on the total
number of participants divided into 4 items Never, 3-5 times per week,
1-2 per week, and daily.
In general, we can see that the percentage of participants who read daily
is the highest and vice versa, 1-2 times a week is the lowest.
Firstly, the number of participants reading daily accounted for the
highest proportion with 40% of the total. In contrast, the percentage of
people who never read makes up half of the above figure.
Second, the group of people who read 3-5 times a week ranked second
with 30%. And in last place is the group 1-2 times a week with the
number accounting for 1/3 of the data of the group 3-5 times a week.
 Ways of opinion
50/50
10%
Agree
Agree Dissagree
40%
50/50

Dissagree
50%

Figure 5: Ways of opinion

This pie chart (Figure 5) shows the proportions of 3 groups of
participants with 3 different opinions. In general, the number of
disagreers accounted for the highest proportion and the number of
neutrals accounted for the least.
Most notably, the dissenting group's data accounted for the highest
proportion, accounting for half of the chart.
On the opposite side, their percentage is 10% less than the upper group.
And the smallest data which is a quarter of the people who agree belongs
to the group with a neutral opinion.

4.2 Effect of campaigners’ gender on the results of the election

 Eff ect of gender on the results of the
electi on

10%

30%
60%

Agree Dissagree 50/50

Figure 6: Proportions of participants think that gender can affect

the election’s result
This pie chart (Figure 6) shows the number of interviewees who thought
about agreeing, disagreeing, or neutral with the view that "gender can
influence the outcome of a candidacy".
Overall, more than half of the participants said they agreed with this
view.
According to the respondents, 60% of the respondents said that they
agree with this view, although it may be quite old-fashioned with the
error of thinking about a gender-equal world like this. The current.
With the remaining 40%. three-quarters of them said that they disagreed
with this antiquated view and that they were female participants. Neither
does the number of people who disagree. objections accounted for 10%.
They think that although they don't want to admit it, it's in the minds of
most people that they just don't want to say it.
4.4 Opinions about Rishi Sunak

Opinions about Rishi Sunak

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Positive Negative 50/50

Figure 7: Percentages depict participants’ opinions about Rishi

Sunak
This pie chart (Figure 7) shows what the interviewees thought of the
new British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.
In general, the majority of participants said they were not satisfied with
the prime minister leading the UK at a time when the political situation
was very unstable.
According to the interviewees, half of the respondents said that they
disagree with the British government's election of a new prime minister.
They expressed displeasure and doubted whether he would be able to
fulfill his responsibilities during his tenure.
With the other half. four out of five of them said that they agree and
think there should be a positive mindset and trust in this government and
leader. They also said that it takes ability for this prime minister to be
selected as the leader of a major country. The remaining percentage did
not express either agree or disagree.

4.5 Opinions about Rishi Sunak’s loyalty

Opinion about his loyalty

50/50
10%

Negative
30%

Positive
60%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Rishi Sunak's royalty

Figure 8: Percentages depict participants’ opinions about Rishi

Sunak’s loyalty
This bar chart (Figure 8) shows the opinions of the interviewees and is
divided into three main categories.
Overall, positive comments make up the majority of the total.
First, the number of people who feel confident accounts for 60%.
Among them, they consider it normal for a politician to speak with one's
tongue. They've gotten used to it like that so they don't feel surprised or
disgruntled about it anymore.
Second, the remaining three-quarters of the total percentage think that
they cannot accept a dishonest and loyal prime minister, they fear and
think negatively about the future of Britain. The remaining 10% have no
opinion on this and they are neutral.

4.6 The possibility of income can affect the teacher’s reading news
habit

The effect of income level on reading news habit

Never

3-5 times per week

1-2 times per week

Everyday

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

> $50.000 <= $50.000

Figure 9: The income and percentages of the different habits of

reading political news
The horizontal bar chart (Figure 9) below supports the conclusion that
the income of British teachers working in BC is related to their reading
habits of political newspapers.
In general, the article is divided into 4 groups with the different reading
frequencies of political newspapers and divided under 2 salaries above
$50,000 and equal to or less than $50,000.
First, the most remarkable and striking thing is that the two groups tend
to have opposite habits of reading every day and never reading, with a
difference in salary of up to 100%. With the higher salary group, they
tend to learn about politics daily. In contrast, the group of people with
less wages did not have the habit of reading a newspaper or magazine a
day.
For the other two groups, people with an income of $50,000 or less
make up 100% of the group that reads 1 to 2 times a week. For the other
group, which saw something new, almost half of the group were people
earning half a hundred thousand dollars a year and the remaining 55%
were people earning less than $50,000.

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary of the research

In conclusion, the majority of British teachers working in BC are

updated on political situations and are interested in this hot topic through
electronic newspapers. More than half of them disagree with Rishi
Sunak's rise to the position of British prime minister and they have a
skeptical view of his ability and policies. In addition, the majority of
them are elderly and have higher incomes than younger and lower-
income groups. This leads to the conclusion that age, and income
influence their reading preferences and they are politically interested
people for financial, economic, and social monitoring purposes. In
addition, this study also concluded that a part of the British did not
completely agree with the British electoral system and wanted some
changes.
5.2 Limitations of the research

This study is based only on the views of 10 English teachers working in

BC, so it does not provide an overview of the views of other British
teachers working in Hanoi, Vietnam.

5.3 Recommendations for further research

What this paper specifically wants to offer is a guide for prospective

IBD students' research so that they can use it as a reference source and
scale up their research. Besides, this study brings up issues that need to
be further explored such as whether the level of income and hobby of
British teachers working at BC Hanoi Vietnam affect reading habits of
political newspapers.
 APPENDIX
Hello Mr/Ms/Mrs, my name is Nguyen Phuong Anh and I am a student
in the I18S3 class for an International Bachelor’s Degree. Today, I have
a project which is about “Attitudes of British teachers of the British
Council in Vietnam upon the news of the latest British Prime Minister”.
I hope you spend several minutes filling in my questionnaire survey
which will help me finish this project. Thanks for your help!
1. Can I have your full name, please?
2. How old are you
3. How long have you worked in Vietnam?
4. How do you feel about living and working in Hanoi?
5. Since you left the UK, how many times have you come back to
visit your hometown?
6. Do you often read the news about politics?
7. How do you assess the political news?
8. May I ask how much money you earn a year?
9. What do you think about the resignation of Lizz Truss?
10. Do you think gender can affect the attitudes of the British
toward the Prime Minister?
11. What do you think about Rishi Sunak?
12. Some people said that he is not doing what he promised
before. What do you think?
13. Do you want to change anything about how the voting
system works?
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