27. According to the homometric regulation of heart function: Select the correct statements!

(2)

A) increasing venous return to the heart shifts the ventricular function curve to the right
B) the ventricular function curve shifts to the left in response to sympathetic stimulation
C) increasing ventricular end-diastolic volume leads to higher stroke volume
D) changes in ventricular performance takes place at a given resting length of the cardiomyocytes

12. What is the main mechanism that allows the release of CO2 in the pulmonary circulation? (1)

A) The Bohr effect.

B) Cl- ion concentration is highest in this location.
C) Activity of carbonic anhydrase is highest in this location.
D) Bicarbonate concentration is lowest in this location.
E) Oxyhemoglobin-deoxyhemoglobin conversion in this location.

14. Select substance(s) or effect(s) that may induce an endothelial dilation! The single most
correct response should be given. (1)

A) Norepinephrine

B) Bradykinin

C) Acetylcholine

D) Shear stress of blood flow

E) All the above can be correct

10. Which of the following statements related to the operation of the refrigerator as a
control circuit are valid? (2)

A) Heat conduction through the wall of refrigerator and the entering external air at door
openings are disturbing signals (noises)

B) The refrigerator operates as a servomechanism when the setpoint is kept on a constant

value

C) The thermostat is the controlled system

D) The internal temperature of the refrigerator is the controlled variable

6. Select the substances which act through 7TM type plasma membrane receptors! (3)

A) epinephrine

B) acetylcholine

C) cytokines

D) insulin

E) GABA

7. Which sequence is appropriate about the strength of the myogenic (basal) tone? (1)

A) Skin > Skeletal muscle > Gastrointestinal tract > Brain = Coronaries = Kidney

B) Coronaries = Brain >Skeletal muscle > Kidney > Skin

C) Brain > Coronaries > Kidney > Skeletal muscle > Skin

D) Coronaries > Brain > Skin > Skeletal muscle > Kidney

E) Kidney > Brain = Coronaries > Skeletal muscle > Skin

24. Select the single wrong statement on ventricular tissue perfusion! (1)

A) Characteristic metabolic dilation of resistance vessels

B) Direct and indirect relaxation of resistance vessels in response to beta adrenergic

agonists

C) Limited level of endothelial dilation

D) High AVDO2 (arteriovenous oxygen difference) even at rest

E) High myogenic tone of resistance vessels

37. Primary controller of the cerebral blood flow is (1)

A) local oxygen demand of the brain tissue

B) arterial pressure induced cerebrovascular myogenic responses

C) neurohumoral effects

D) sympathetic-parasympathetic perivascular nerve activity

54. In what range of mean arterial pressure will cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation be
effective? (2)

A) The range of autoregulation will shift toward higher pressures in sustained arterial
hypertension.

B) Approximately 30-100 mmHg.

C) Approximately 60-160 mmHg.

D) Approximately 100-200 mmHg.

E) The range of autoregulation will not be altered in sustained arterial hypertension.

2. The contraction force of the cardiac muscle is decreased by the administration of

calcium-channel blockers, because the plateau-phase of the action potential is
shortened by the calcium-channel blockers. (1)
A) The statement is true, the explanation is true, but there is no causative relationship
between them.

B) Both the statement and the explanation are false.

C) The statement is false, but the explanation itself is true.

D) The statement is true, but the explanation is false.

E) The statement is true, the explanation is true, and there is a causative relationship
between them.

14. Sympathetic stimulation increases the force of contraction, because the amount of
calcium within the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cardiac muscle cells can be increased
by sympathetic stimulation. (1)

A) The statement is true, the explanation is true, but there is no causative relationship
between them.

B) The statement is true, the explanation is true, and there is a causative relationship
between them.

C) The statement is false, but the explanation itself is true.

D) Both the statement and the explanation are false.

E) The statement is true, but the explanation is false.

17. The heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy, because mechanical
contraction uses energy from ATP. (1)

A) The statement is true, but the explanation is false.

B) The statement is false, but the explanation itself is true.

C) Both the statement and the explanation are false.

D) The statement is true, the explanation is true, but there is no causative relationship
between them.

E) The statement is true, the explanation is true, and there is a causative relationship
between them.

16.1.2013

19. Cardiac muscle cells are highly dependent on glucose as a nutrient, because fatty acids
and lactate can also be used. (1)

A) The statement is true, the explanation is true, and there is a causative relationship
between them.

B) The statement is false, but the explanation itself is true.

C) Both the statement and the explanation are false.

D) The statement is true, the explanation is true, but there is no causative relationship
between them.

E) The statement is true, but the explanation is false.