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Mesopotamia Egypt
Mesopotamia Egypt
→first pyramid was built by Djosher of the III Dynasty (built by Imhotep),
→Agricultural settlements merged into larger units for better organization = NOMES
it was stepped
→Lower Egypt – Nile Estuary· Upper Egypt – middle course of the Nile·
→the largest was built by rulers from the IV dynasty: Khufu (Cheops), Rachef
3100 – they merged and Meni is considered the founder of the state: (Chefren), Menkaure (Mykerinos)· stand near Cairo near Giza
→had political, religious and judicial power → reunited all of Egypt and established order
→Nomes were led by ancestral chiefs = responsible for paying taxes → renewed the wars of conquest to Nubia – cedarwood
→Important position – scribes mastered the intricate pictorial font HIEROGLYPHS - consolidated the power of the monarch·
→font – hieroglyphs (pictorial font) Since the 17th century BC.- to Egypt nomadic tribes of the Hyksos
→they wrote on papyrus scrolls (reeds of the Nile) with a brush in black or → they had new weapons - sabers, bows, cavalry· The country broke up into
red paint in columns smaller parts
→Egyptian history is divided by ruling families (dynasties) – about 31 →The Hyksos ruled the Nile Delta for 100 years, after which they were
expelled
Faith and thE aFtErliFE
New KINGDOM →1552–1070 BC
→in the other world, a person will continue to live → it was necessary to →XVIII-XX dynasty – III peak of Egyptian history (country united, power of
preserve the body – mummification (guts into containers – canopy), painted pharaoh consolidated, conquests)· Thutmoses III.
the body with oils and ointments, wrapped in linen stripes and placed in
sarcophagi State apparatus ➔ Egypt achieved its greatest expansion
→ the most important Egyptian conqueror
Old Kingdom → took control of Palestine
→2635–2135 BC- we don't know much about the first two dynasties (they resided
in Cinev) →capital of Veset – temple of the god Amun (god of air and fertility
→government of the III to VI dynasties -→peak of Egyptian history →His cult was the state religion, his priests had tremendous
power)· Amenhotep IV