Lecture 1 - Introduction To Electrical Machining

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Introduc)on

 to  Manufacturing  3  

By:  Carl  Diver  


Contact  details  
• Carl.diver@manchester.ac.uk  
• Room  G24  in  the  Pariser  Building  
• Tel  0161  275  4391  
Contact  details  
• olivier.allegre@manchester.ac.uk    
• Room  G16  in  the  Pariser  Building  
• Tel  0161  306  4237  
Contact  details  
• Jim.methven@manchester.ac.uk    
• Room  A24  in  the  Sackville  street  building  
Contents  

Introduc)on  to  the  course  topics  


The  laboratories  
The  Exam  
Introduc)on  to  non-­‐tradi)onal  machining  
At  the  end  of  this  lecture  you  will:  

Understand  the  main  topics  that  we  will  cover  in  


Electrical  machining  
Understand  the  course  requirements  including  
laboratory  work  and  examina)ons  
Have  an  understanding  of  what  is  considered  
non-­‐tradi)onal  machining  
Course  content  
• 24  hours  of  lectures    
• Weeks  1-­‐8  (2  hours  Wednesday  morning)  
• Weeks  9-­‐12  (  2  hours  Monday  a[ernoon)  
• 8  hours  electrical  machining  
• 8  hours  Laser  processing  –  Olivier  Allegre  
• 8  hours  Manufacturing  Systems  –  Jim  Methven  
• We  will  have  tutorials  in  these  sessions  as  you  
progress  
EDM  (Electrodischarge  Machining)  
• Introduc)on  to  EDM  
• What  is  it,  where  is  it  used,  why  is  it  used  
• Different  types  of  EDM  -­‐Wire  EDM,  sinking  
EDM,  micro  hole  drilling  
• The  EDM  system  –  liquids  used,  power  supply  
• Applica)ons  of  EDM  
Electrochemical  machining  
• Introduc)on  to  ECM  
• What  is  it,  where  is  it  used,  why  is  it  used    
• The  ECM  system,  liquids  used,  power  supply,  
parameters  
• Calcula)on  of  material  removal  with  ECM  
• Types  of    Electrolyte  
• Industrial  applica)ons  of  ECM  
Laboratory  
• A  1.5    hour  lab  working  hands  on  with  an  EDM  
• Seang  parameters,  machining,  analysing  
Laboratory  
• The  lab  will  focus  on  using  the  EDM  machine  
to  remove  material  and  looking  at  the  surface  
finish  that  can  be  achieved  
Examina)on  
• MACE30121  Engineering  Manufacturing  3  –  
3rd  Year  Mechanical  Engineering  
– 2  hour  exam  3  sec)ons.    
–  Answer  3  ques)ons    
Reading  Material  
• A  E  De  Barr  and  D  A  Oliver,  Electrochemical  
Machining,  Macdonald,  Bib  Id  92206  -­‐  
background  reading  only  (3  copies  in  the  
library)  Joule  Library  Main  Level  (671.35  DEB  )  
• Prac)ce  and  Theory  of  Electrochemical  
Machining  by  John  F.  Wilson  
Reading  Material  
• Advanced  Analysis  of  Nontradi)onal  
Machining  by  Hong  Hocheng  

• Manufacturing  Engineering  &    


• Technology  by  Serope  Kalpakjian  

• Fundamentals  of  Machining  Processes:  


Conven)onal  and  Nonconven)onal  Processes,  
Second  Edi)on  by  Hassan  Abdel-­‐Gawad  El-­‐
Hofy    
Reading  Material  
J  A  McGeough,  Principles  of  ElectroChemical  
Machining,  Chapman  and  Hall,  London,  ISBN  
0412119706,  1974  -­‐  background  reading  only  (1  
copy  available  in  the  library).    
 J  A  McGeough,  Advanced  Methods  of  
Machining,  Chapman  and  Hall,  London,  ISBN  
0412319705,  1988  -­‐  (5  copies  available  in  the  
library).    
 
Applica)ons  
Applica)ons  
Applica)ons  
Applica)ons  
Tradi)onal  machining  
Tradi)onal  machining  
• Cuang  of  material  
• Contact  between  tool  and  workpiece  
Non-­‐Tradi)onal  machining  
• In  most  cases  there  is  No  contact  between  the  
tool  and  the  workpiece  
• Machining  hardened  materials  
Non-­‐Tradi)onal  machining  
• Workpiece  is  too  flexible  to  resist  cuang  
forces  or  too  difficult  to  clamp.  
• Part  shape  is  very  complex  with  internal  or  
external  profiles  or  small  holes.  
• Requirements  for  surface  finish  and  
tolerances  are  very  high.  
• Temperature  rise  or  residual  stresses  are  
undesirable  or  unacceptable.  
Tradi)onal  v  non-­‐tradi)onal  
Tradi)onal  process  
Tradi)onal  process  
Tradi)onal  process  
Tradi)onal  process  
Grinding  
Tradi)onal  process  
Lapping  
Non-­‐Tradi)onal  
Electrochemical  machining  -­‐  ECM  
Non-­‐Tradi)onal  
Electrochemical  machining  -­‐  ECM  
ECM  –  Electrochemical  machining  

Source:  hkp://www.direc)ndustry.com/prod/kennametal-­‐extrude-­‐hone/electrochemical-­‐machining-­‐ecm-­‐machines-­‐19736-­‐354419.html  
EDM  –  Electrodischarge  machining  
Wire  EDM  
Non-­‐Tradi)onal  
Laser  processing  
Laser  processing  

Source:  hkp://www.designforlasermanufacture.com/355/Macro_laser_processing_Cuang_with_a_Disc_Laser.html  
Tradi)onal/Non-­‐Tradi)onal  
Abrasive  Flow  machining  –  AFM    

High  viscosity   Low  viscosity  


Tradi)onal/Non-­‐Tradi)onal  
Abrasive  Flow  machining  –  AFM    

Before    

High  viscosity  media  


A[er    
AFM  
Jet  -­‐ECM  
Abrasive  water  jet  machining  

Source:  hkp://waterjet-­‐cuang.blogspot.co.uk/2009_01_01_archive.html  
AWJM-­‐Abrasive  waterjet  machining  
Tradi)onal  vs  Non  Tradi)onal  
• Contact  vs  no  contact  
• Cuang  forces  vs  no  cuang  forces  
• Material  Hardness  
– Tradi)onal:  Tool  must  be  harder  than  workpiece  
– Non-­‐tradi)onal:  not  an  issue  in  most  cases  
Manufacturing  Process  selec)on  
• What  are  the  main  features  that  need  to  be  
machined  
• What  are  the  workpiece  materials  that  you  
have  to  work  with  
• What  level  of  accuracy  and  repeatability  are  
required  
• What  produc)on  volumes  will  be  produced  
• What  is  the  budget  
Manufacturing  Process  selec)on  
• Where  will  the  process  be  installed,  are  the  
operators  skilled  to  use  the  process?  
• Will  the  process  be  automated?  Can  the  
process  be  automated  
• What  is  the  manufacturing  environment  like?  
• How  will  the  desired  features  be  measured?  
 
Manufacturing  Process  selec)on  
• Is  there  an  environmental  impact  
• Is  a  stable  energy  supply  required?  
• Can  the  machine  supplier  support  the  
machine  in  the  manufacturing  loca)on?  
• What  is  the  lead  )me  for  cri)cal  parts?  
Automo)ve  
Diesel  Fuel  Injec)on  

Video  Source:  hkp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8UHfB859eI  


Common  rail  system  
Rail  –  
ECM  –  deburring,  machining  
AFM  -­‐  radiusing  

Injector  –  
ECM  –  deburring,  machining  
AFM  -­‐  radiusing  

Pump  -­‐  ECM  –   Nozzle  –  


deburring,  machining     ECM  –  deburring,  machining  
EDM-­‐  hole  drilling  
AFM  –  hole  condi)oning  
Recap  
• We  have  covered  the  course  
• We  have  discussed  the  differences  between  
tradi)onal  and  non  tradi)onal  processes  
• We  saw  a  product  that  uses  many  non  
tradi)onal  processes  to  machine  key  features  

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