Final Assignment No.

Submitted to: Dr mateen

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Submitted by: FARWA SOHAIL

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DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, Wildlife and Fishries

UAF
 1. Introduction:
Fish production is a vital and gigantic industry in Pakistan as well as in the
whole world.

 global fish production included both capture fisheries (fish caught in the wild) and
aquaculture (fish farming).
 Fish production was steadily increasing over the years globally due to the growth of the
aquaculture sector, which has been contributing significantly to the overall production.
 Capture vs aquaculture: Fish production in Pakistan is primarily divided into marine (from the
sea) and inland (from rivers, lakes, and ponds) fisheries.

Capture fisheries involve catching fish from natural bodies of water like
oceans, rivers, and lakes, while aquaculture involves the cultivation of
fish in controlled environments like ponds and tanks. The distribution of
fish production varies across countries and regions, with China being the
largest contributor to both capture and aquaculture production.

Food source: Fishes are a great source of animal based proteins with their
amino acids most compatible to humans. Aquaculture has great potential to
feed and provid enourishment to the world’s ever-growing population. Thus
sustainable aquaculture is critical to supply the growing demand for aquatic
food. Fisheries production sector is also at a record high and will play a
significant role in providing food in future.
 Export import

2. Fish production in world and Pakistan:

In 2020, similar to previous years, the top seven producers
accounted for over 50 percent of total marine captures, and
China alone accounted for 14.9 percent of the world total

In 2020, the global fish production, including both capture fisheries and
aquaculture, reached approximately 179 million metric tons.

Pakistan owns a significant fishery industry. The seafood industry is a

vital part of Pakistan's economy, providing employment and export
opportunities. In 2020, Pakistan's total fish production was
approximately 3.2 million metric tons, making it one of the leading fish-
producing countries in the world.

Marine capture production

Global production of marine capture fisheries continues to be highly concentrated

among a small number of producers (Figure 9a). In 2020, similar to previous years,
the top seven producers accounted for over 50 percent of total marine captures, and
China alone accounted for 14.9 percent of the world total (Table 2), followed by
Indonesia (8.2 percent), Peru (7.1 percent), the Russian Federation (6.1 percent), the
United States of America (5.4 percent), India (4.7 percent) and Viet Nam (4.2
percent). While Pakistan stands nowhere among the top twenty five countries and
produces only 0.25- 1 million tonnes in marine capture production.

In 2020, global marine captures were 78.8 million tonnes, a decline of 6.8 percent from the peak
of 84.5 million tonnes in 2018

Major species in Pakistan :

 The major species caught in marine fisheries include tuna, shrimp, and various types of
finfish.
Major species Globally::

Inland waters capture production

In 2020, total global catches in inland waters were 11.5 million tonnes (Table 5), a decrease of
5.1 percent from 2019. As with marine capture production, fishing operations in inland waters
were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, and this was compounded by
the decline in China’s catches. Despite the decrease in 2020, inland water catches remain at
historically high levels and only marginally below the highest levels of 12.0 million tonnes
recorded in 2019.
With the exception of China, the increase in inland water catches continues to be driven by
several major producing countries – notably India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Uganda (Figure
11). Most of the countries reporting declining catches represent a relatively low contribution to
global production of inland water captures, although some supply important quantities to
national or regional diets – in particular, Cambodia, Brazil, Viet Nam and Thailand.
TABLE 5INLAND WATERS CAPTURE PRODUCTION: MAJOR
PRODUCING COUNTRIES AND
 Three major species groups account for over 75 percent of total inland water catches.
The first group, “carps, barbels and other cyprinids”, has shown a continuous increase,
rising from about 0.7 million tonnes per year in the mid-2000s to almost 1.9 million
tonnes in 2020, and explains most of the increase in catches from inland waters in
recent years. Catches of the second-largest group, “tilapias and other cichlids”, have
also started to increase in recent years from 0.7 million tonnes to 0.9 million tonnes
per year.
 Inland fisheries in Pakistan involve species like catfish, tilapia, and carp.

Aquaculture contribution to total fisheries and aquaculture production11

Most major aquaculture producing countries are highly populated developing countries where
aquaculture contributes more than half of total fisheries and aquaculture production,
benefiting half of the global population. These countries, such as Egypt in Africa, and
Bangladesh and Viet Nam in Asia, set successful examples for aquaculture development in
other countries with similar conditions and where potential exists for aquaculture
development. Aquaculture has been growing in importance in Pakistan as a source of fish
production.

On a world scale, the contribution of aquaculture to total fisheries and aquaculture production
(excluding algae) has climbed steadily, reaching 49.2 percent in 2020 on a par with capture,
compared with just 13.4 percent in 1990. This contribution varies greatly among and within
regions (Figure 16). Asia produces more from aquaculture (61.9 percent) than from capture,
In 2020, global inland aquaculture production was 54.4 million tonnes, accounting for 44.4
percent of the world total aquaculture production of animal species and algae, and inland farming
of aquatic animal species represented 62.2 percent of total aquaculture production.

Mariculture and coastal aquaculture

Mariculture, or marine aquaculture, takes place in the sea for the entire cycle or only during the
grow-out phase. In the first case, the production cycle takes place entirely in the seas for those
species dependent on wild seeds from the sea, for example, sea mussels. Otherwise, mariculture
refers only to the grow-out phase of the production cycle when a species is produced from a
land-based hatchery and sometimes even in freshwater, as is the case for Atlantic salmon.
Coastal aquaculture, typically practised in constructed ponds onshore or in intertidal zones, plays
an important role in livelihoods, employment and economic development among coastal
communities in many developing countries particularly in Asia and Latin America.

In 2020, global production of marine and coastal aquaculture was 68.1 million tonnes, including
33.1 million tonnes of aquatic animals and 35 million tonnes of algae.

Production distribution and major producers

Asia has overwhelmingly dominated world aquaculture for decades, producing 91.6 percent of
global aquatic animals and algae in 2020.

With respect to the global distribution of aquaculture production by region, China (mainland)
has produced more farmed aquatic animals and algae than the rest of the world. Its share in
world aquaculture production was 56.7 percent for aquatic animals.

China remains the top capture producer and is known as Seafood Superpower. China
accounted for almost 15 percent of global captures in 2020, more than the total
captures of the second- and third-ranked countries combined. The top seven capture
producers (China, Indonesia, Peru, India, Russian Federation, United States of
America and Viet Nam) accounted for almost 49 percent of total global capture
production

WORLD PRODUCTION OF MAJOR AQUACULTURE SPECIES (INCLUDING

SPECIES GROUPS)
Conclusion:
Pakistan has a significant fishing industry due to its long coastline along
the Arabian Sea and an extensive network of rivers and lakes.

Fisheries and aquaculture are essential for the livelihoods of many people in Pakistan,
especially in coastal areas and rural communities. Commonly harvested species include
shrimp, prawns, various types of fish, and other seafood. The government of Pakistan
has made efforts to promote sustainable fishing practices and expand aquaculture to
meet the growing demand for fish and seafood in the country.
The demand of seafood has skyrocketed in recent years and will continue to rise. Therefore,
some pro-active measure should be adopted by the world fisheries production industries.
National and local policy differs among countries in controlling the declining sources due to
overfishing, pollution and poor management, but more needs to be done to ensure sustainability
in fishing operations.
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