Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ...

Semester Test 1

Tshwane University of Technology

First Semester test MEMO

SUBJECT

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 1/ELECTROTECHNOLOGY 1

EEN111T/ETT101T/FPEEN01/FPEENR1/FPETTR1

TIME: 3 HOURS

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS : Calculators may be used

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: - Answer ALL questions.
- Clearly number your questions

NUMBER OF PAGES: 6
APPENDIX: 1

MAIN EXAMINER
M Mlonzi
COURSE/S:
MODERATOR
G du Toit
NDEE03
AC deVilliers
Electrical Engineering
P Tshubwana
Mechanical Engineering
Industrial Engineering
TOTAL MARKS: 53
Mechatronics
FULL MARKS: 53

Surname : ………………… Initials : ……………………

Student No: ……………………….. Lecturer’s Name: ……………………
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

Question 1 [3]
Multiple choice

Q 1.1. How many significant figures are in the number 2 000?

a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1 
Q 1.2. How many significant figures should the answer have if we multiple:
a. 4
b. 1
c. 3
d. 2 
Q 1.3. Heat capacity of a substance is
a. Inversely proportional to change in temperature 
b. Directly proportional to change in temperature
c. Inversely proportional to square of change in temperature
d. Independent of change in temperature
Question 2 [8]
A cable with a resistivity of , length of 3650m has a radius of 2 mm at 15℃.
Determine the resistance of the cable at 50℃, if the temperature coefficient is given as 9/℃

℃ 9/℃



99 9 ℃ 

℃ 9
℃ 
9

℃ ℃ 

2
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

Question 3 [7]
For the circuit given below, Find .

9 

9
// 
9

// 9 

9 9 

3
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

Question 4 [4]
On the figure below, find , , , and .

A 

4
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

Question 5 [16]
4.1 A motor is rated 110 Vdc, 550W. Find Vs to make the motor operate at its rated condition. (10)



5
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

4.2 If the motor at Q3.2 is used to lift a load at 12 r/s speed with a torque of 5.5 Nm, find the power
developed, efficiency of the motor and the cost of operating the motor for 23400 seconds. Assume the
cost of electrical energy to be 52.3cents/kWh.
(6)

9 

9
9 

9 

6
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

Question 6
[15]
Use superposition for the circuit given in fig. Q5, determine the current at 2𝛺 resistor.

Consider 6V

//



Consider 15V

7
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

//

9 

9
9 

Consider 3A

//

9 

Overall current
9 9 

8
Electrical Engineering I ... EEN111T / ETT101T ... Semester Test 1

9
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

RE-TEST – 30 October 2017

Electrical Engineering 1

TIME : 1.5 hours

TOTAL : 50 marks

SURNAME INITIALS STUDENT NUMBER

Question 1 – [10]

Analyse the electrical circuit shown in Figure 1 and fill table 1.

5Ω 1Ω 4Ω
A C

10V
2Ω 10Ω

B 3Ω

Figure 1.
Table 1
Element Current (A) Potential Drop (V)
3Ω
4Ω
5Ω
10Ω

Total battery current IT =

Total Circuit Resistance RT=

ANSWER:
Element Current (A) Potential Drop (V) 4//(1+3) =2ohm
1 I1=3.65V/(1+3)=.913A V=.913*1=.913 10//5 = 3.33ohm
RT=2+2+3.33=7.33ohm
2 =.272V/2=.136A V=IR=.136*2=.272V
IT=V/I =10/7.33 = 0.136A
3Ω I3=3.65V/(1+3)=.913A V=.913*3=2.738 VAB =10-.272=9.728
4Ω I4=3.65V/4=.9125A V4=9.728*2/5.33=3.65V
5Ω I5=6.078V/5=1.216A V5=V10 = 9.728-
.65=6.078
10Ω I10=6.078/10=0.6078A 6.078

IT = .136
RT= 7.333

1
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

Question 2 – [10

The circuit below in Figure 3.1 should be analysed for the unknown currents. Use
Kirchhoff’s voltage law to write down three independent equations that can be used to
solve for the unknown currents, and transfer it into matrix format (in the space provided).
(10)

Figure 3.1

1. 10k I1 – 0 I2 – 6k I3 = -6
2. 0 I1 + 12 I2 – 3k I3 = 6
3. -6k I1 - 3k I2 + 21k I3 = 0

2
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

Question 3 – [10]

The voltage drop across the 1 kΩ resistor in Figure 4.1 is to be calculated. Use the
theorems of Thevenin and Norton to provide an answer. (10)

Figure 4.1

3
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

Question 4 – [8]

4.1 Three capacitors have the following values: C1 = 1 F; C2 = 2 F; C3 = 3 F. The
capacitors are connected in series across a 100 V power supply. Determine the total
capacitance and the voltage across each capacitor. (8)

6.3 A capacitor of value 50 F is charged from zero to 100 V through a 5 MΩ resistor.

Calculate the time constant and the time taken for the voltage to rise to 50V. (6)

4
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

Question 5 – [10]

A 150 liter domestic water heater is used to heat water from 24º C to 338K. The 15 Ω
element conducts 16.33A through it. If the cost of electricity is 99 cent per kWh and the
efficiency of the heater is 75%. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.190 kJkg-1K.

5.1 Calculate the power of the element (2)

P  I 2 R =16.33^2*15=4kW

5.2 How long will it take to heat the water to the required temperature? (5)

Temperature = 65°C-24°C = 41°C

E = M ×C× = 150*4190*41 = 25.77MJ

Ein=Eout/ŋ = 25.8MJ / 0.75= 34.4MJ

t=W/P = 34.4MJ/4000W =8600s =2.39H

5.3 What will the cost be to heat the water? (3)

Cost = kW*Rate*hours = 4*.99*2.39=R9.46

TOTAL [50]

5
Electrical Engineering 1 EEN111T

6
Examples of different
problems and
solutions
s
SURNAME INITIALS STUDENT NUMBER

EEN111T - CLASS TEST 2 – 27/10/2017

Question 1 The switch in the circuit shown below is switched on. Determine:
1. The time constant of the circuit. (2)
2. The current after 0.25 seconds. (3)
3. The voltage after 0.33 seconds. (2)
4. The time required for the current to reach 4A. (3)

Answer
1 T=L/R=0.34/22 =0.154 s 

2 I=I(1-e-t/T)=(100/22)(1-e-0.25/0.154)=3.648A 

3 V=V(e-t/T)=100(e-0.33/0.154)=11.73 V 

4 4=4.545(1-e-t/T)t=0.326s 


EMF  F  BIL   BA
t
NI
EMF  Blv MMF  NI H 
l
B l I 2  I1
  0 r S EMF   L
H  0 r A t
 2  1  0  r AN 2  2  1
EMF   N L M 
t l I 2  I1
 t
 t
L
irise  I m 1  e T  idecrese  I me T
T 
  R
M 1
LT  L1  L2  2 M k  energy  LI 2
L1 L2 2
 0  4  107
TOTAL [10]
1
 Chapter 6
Exercise 6-2
Three capacitors of 10 F, 20 F and 50 F respective-
ly are connected in series across a 220 V dc supply.
Determine the voltage across each capacitor

Answer
Equivalent capacit ance :
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + +
C EQ C 1 C 2 C 3 10 20 50
Solving :
C EQ = 5 . 88 F
V S  C EQ 220  5 . 88
V1 = =
C1 10
= 129 V
V S  C EQ 220  5 . 88
V1 = =
C1 20
= 64 . 7 V
V S  C EQ 220  5 . 88
V1 = =
C1 50
= 25 . 9 V

1
Exercise 6-4
Two capacitors of 150 μF and 90 μF are connected
in parallel and are the connected in series with a
third capacitor in order to have an effective
capacitance of 75 μF. Determine the value of the
third capacitor.

Answer
Parallelcapacit ance:
CP = C1 + C2 = (150+ 90) F
= 240 F
Seriescapacitance:

CE =
CP  C3
 C3 =
(C1 + C2 ) CE
CP + C3 C1 + C2 −CE

C3 =
(150+ 90) 75
F
150+ 90− 75
=109 F

2
Exercise 6-6
In fig. 6-13, the charge on the 6 μF capacitor is
62,5 μC. Determine:
a) The capacitance between A and B
b) The total capacitance of the circuit
c) The supply voltage
d) The charge on the 5μF capacitor
e) The energy stored on the 5 μF capacitor

Answer
Valueof the series 4 F and 7 F capacitors
:
C2  C3 4 7
CABS = = F
C2 + C3 4 + 7
= 2.55 F
Parallelcapacitance betweenA and B :
CP = CABS + C4 = (5 + 2.55) F
= 7.55 F
Total capacita
nce:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + +
CT C1 CP C5 2 7.55 6
CT =1.25 F

3
Supply voltage :
Q5 62 . 5
VS = = = 50 V
CT 1 . 25
( This can also be found by calculatin g
the voltage across each capacitor and
adding the series voltages )

Voltage across A− B
Q5 62 . 5
V AB = =
CP 7 . 55
= 8 . 28 V
Cha rge on 5  F capacitor :
−6
Q 4 = C 4  V AB = 5  10  8 . 28
= 41 . 4  C
Energy stored on 5  F capacitor :
E = 1 C  V 2 = 0 . 5  5  10 − 6  ( 8 . 28 ) 2
2
= 172  J

4
Exercise 6-8
The dielectric of a two-plate capacitor is of porce-
lain. The porcelain has a thickness of 0.2 mm and a
relative permittivity of 5. The contact area of one
plate is 30 000 mm2. A voltage of 220 V is applied
to the plates. Calculate:
a) The capacitance of the capacitor
b) The charge stored in μC.
c) The electric flux density
d) The electric field strength

Answer
Capacit ance :
A   0   r 30000  10 − 6  8.85  10 −12  5
C= =
d 0.2  10 − 3
= 6.64 nF
Energy stored :
Q = C  V = 6.64  10 − 9  220
= 1.46 C
Electric flux density
Q 1.46  10 − 6
D= = −6
= 48 .7 C
A 30000  10
Field strength
V 220 −1
E= = = 1 . 1 MVm
d 0.2  10 − 3
5
Exercise 6-10
The plates of a capacitor consists of two metalised
discs each with an area of 0.04 m2. The plates are
2 mm apart, and connected to a 550 V supply. Find:
a) The capacitance with if the dielectric is air
b) The electric flux density
c) The capacitance, if the fully charged capacitor
is removed from the supply and a porcelain
dielectric is inserted between the plates. The
porcelain is 2 mm thick and has a relative
permittivity of 5.
d) The new potential difference across the plates.
e) The energy stored with an air dielectric and the
with the porcelain dielectric

Answer

Capacitance with air :

A   0 0.04  8.85 10−12
C= =
d 2 10−3
= 177 pF
Flux density :
Q = C V = 177 10−12  550
= 93.4 nC
Q 93.4 10−9
D= = = 2.43 Cm−2
A 0.04

6
 New capacit ance
A  0  r
CN =
d
= 885 pF
Q 93 . 4  10 − 9
VN = =
C 885  10 −12
= 110 V
E AIR = 1 C  V 2 = 0 . 5  177  10 −12  550 2
2
= 26 . 8  J

E POR = 1 C  V 2 = 0 . 5  885  10 −12  110 2

2
= 5 . 35  J
Exercise 6-12
A capacitor is connected in series with a 5 k resis-
tor across a 220 V dc supply. The time constant is
found to be 0.375 s. Determine the energy stored in
the capacitor.

Answer

7
Capacitance
:
 0.375
C= =
R 5000
=75 F
Energy stored
:
E = 1 CV2 =0.5 7510−6  220
2
2
=1.82 J

8
Exercise 6-14
The dielectric of a 13-plate capacitor has a relative
permittivity of 3. The plates are 0.05 mm apart and
the area of one side of a plate is 2 800 mm2. If this
capacitor is connected in series with a 150 k
resistor across a 200 V supply:
a) What will the time constant of the circuit be?
b) What will the energy stored be?

Answer

Capacit ance :
( n − 1)  A   0   r
C=
d
(13 − 1)  2800  10 − 6  8 .85  10 −12  3
=
0 .05  10 − 3
= 17 .8 nF
Time const ant :
 = RC = 150  10 3  17 .8  10 − 9
= 2 .68 ms
Energy stored :
E = 1 C  V 2 = 0 .5  17 .8  10 − 9  200 2
2
= 0 .357 m J

9
 Chapter 5

Exercise 5-1
A coil of resistance 15  and inductance 7 H is
connected to a 32 V supply. Determine the time
constant of the coil as well as the final current the
coil will take.

Answer
Time const ant :
L 7
 = =
R 15
= 467 mS

Final current :
V 32
I = =
R 15
= 2 . 13 A
Exercise 5-3
The current through a coil having a resistance of 6
 and an inductance of 2 H is 4 A. Calculate the
instantaneous value of the current 50 ms after the
source is short-circuited.

Answer
Time const ant :
L 2
 = =
R 6
= 333 mS

Current after 50 ms :
t 50 10 − 3
− −
I = I max  e 
= 4e 333 10 − 3

= 3 . 44 A
Exercise 5-5
The field winding of a 440 V dc machine has a
resistance of 100  and an inductance of 35 H.
Determine the emf induced in the winding if the
maximum current is cut off in 0.5 s.

Answer
Maximum current :
V 440
I = =
R 100
= 4 .4 A
Induced voltage :
L  I 35  4 . 4
E=− =−
t 0 .5
= − 308 V
Exercise 5-7
The primary winding of an induction coil has 1500
turns and a current of 3 A produces a flux of
680 mWb. Calculate the inductance of the winding.
The secondary winding has 3800 turns. Determine
the magnitude of the induced emf in the secondary
winding if the current varies through the primary
winding from 3 A to 10 A in 0.4 s.

Answer

Check the assumption s!!!

Inducta nce of the primary coil :
 N 0.68 1200
L= =
I 3
= 340 H

Induced emf :
L  I N 2 340  7 3800
E=−  =− 
t N1 0.4 1200
= −6.46 k V
Exercise 5-9
The self-inductances of two coils are 10 H and 20 H
respectively. Determine the coupling coefficient if
the mutual inductance is 6 H.

Answer
Coupling
coefficien
t
M 6
k= =
2
L
1 +L2
2 102
+ 2
20
=0.424
Exercise 5-11
A current of 6 A produces a flux of 650 mWb
through a coil having 480 turns. Calculate the
energy stored in this coil if the current has reached
its maximum value.

Answer
Induct ance of coil :
N   480  650  10 − 3
L= =
I 6
= 53 H

Energy stored :
E = 1  L  I 2 = 0 .5  53  6 2
2
= 936 J
AC Circuits

Question 1
v = 20 Sin (628t+30)
Determine:
1. The maximum value of the voltage.
2. The angular velocity.
3. The frequency.
4. The phase angle of the wave.
5. The instantaneous value of the voltage at t = 1,2 milli seconds [5]

Question 2.
In the circuit below, determine:
1. The impedance of the circuit.
2. The total current
3. The voltage drop across each of R, L and C.
4. The total applied voltage.
5. The phase angle between voltage and current. (Also indicate wether it is leading or lagging.)
6. Sketch the phasor diagram.

12 0,15H 100F

R L C
220V 50Hz

[12]

1
 Formulae sheet / Formule-blad.
Mechanics / Meganika
F = ma F = mg T = Fr
work output energy
Work = Fs Power = Power = 2nT  =
time input energy
1
Energy = mgh Energy = mv 2 Energy = mct
2
Electricity / Elektrisiteit
Q = It Power = IV ..... etc Energy = I 2 Rt........ etc
l
m = zIt R= V = IR
A
R1 1 +  0 t1
Rt = R0 (1 +  0 t ) = Rt = R50 1 +  50 (t − 50)
R2 1 +  0 t 2
Magnetism & Inductance / Magnetisme & Induktansie

EMF = F = BIL  = BA
t
NI
EMF = Blv MMF = NI H =
l
B l I 2 − I1
=  0 r S= EMF = − L
H  0 r A t
 2 − 1  0  r AN 2  2 − 1
EMF = − N L= M =
t l I 2 − I1
  −t −t
L
irise = I m  1 − e  T
idecrese = I me T
T =
  R
M 1
LT = L1 + L2  2 M k = energy = LI 2
L1 L2 2
 0 = 4  10−7
Capacitors / Kapasitore
V D
Q = CV E = = ε 0ε r
D E
C = (n − 1)ε 0ε
A 1
r Energy = CV 2 T = RC
D 2
 −t
 −t −t
v ris e = Vm 
 1 − e T 
 v dec res e = Vm e T
ic harge = Im e T
 
e 0 = 8,85  10 −12
A.C. / W.S.
Em = 2BANn i = I mSin(t +  ) I RMS = 0,7071I m I ave = 0,637I m
1
X L = 2fL XC = Z = R2 + ( X L − X C ) Z = R + j( X L − X C )
2

2fC

2
 MEMORANDUM
Vraag1
v = 20 Sin (628t+30)
Determine:
1. The maximum value of the volgtage. 20 
2. The angular velocity. 628 
3. frequency 99.95 
4. The phase angle of the wave. 30 
5. The instantaneous value of the voltage at t = 1,2 milli seconds 19.14 V  [5]
20sin(73.18) = 19.14

3
 Chapter 3

Application of Voltage and current

division rules
 Example 1
Consider the following circuit
R8 R9 R10
V1 = 12 V
R1 = 6 Ω R6 = 8 Ω
R2 = 9 Ω R7 = 2 Ω +
V1
R3 = 1 Ω R8 = 4 Ω –
R1 R2 R4 R5 R6 R7
R4 = 7 Ω R9 = 10 Ω R3
R5 = 3 Ω R10 = 5 Ω

Calculate the currents through R4 and R6

First reduce the circuit to the right of the source:
RS 1 = R7 + R10
= 2+5
=7
Note that R4, R5, R6 and RS1 are now in parallel. Find
their equivalent parallel resistance:
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
RP1 R4 R5 R6 RS 1
1 1 1 1
= + + + S
7 3 8 7
= 0.744 S
RP1 = 1.344 
The reduced circuit now looks as follows:
R8 R9

+
V1
R1 –
R2 RS1

R3

Next reduce the parallel resistors R1 and R2

R1  R2
RP 2 =
R1 + R2
69
= 
6+9
= 3.60 
The equivalent circuit now looks as follows
R8 R9

+
V1
RP2 –
RP1

R3

We can now reduce the series resistances R9 & RP1

and R8 & RP2
RS 2 = RP 2 + R8 RS 3 = RP1 + R9
= 3.6 + 4  = 1.344 + 10 
= 7.6  = 11 .344 
 The equivalent circuit then is:
+ +
V1 V1
RS2 – –
RS3 RP4

R3 R3

It can be seen that RS2 and RS3 are in parallel, and

can be reduced, and the source current calculated.
RS 2  RS 3 V
RP 4 = IS =
RS 2 + RS 3 R3 + RP 4
7.6 11 .34 12
= =
7.6 + 11 .34 1 + 4.55
= 4.55  = 2.16 A
 Use the current division rule to calculate the current
through RS3.
Since R4 is one of four resistors in parallel, the
current division rule cannot be applied directly. We
therefore first calculate the voltage across R4, using
the voltage division rule.
RS 2
I RS 3 =  IS V = VS − I S  R3 − I RS 3  R9
RS 2 + RS 3
7.6
=  2.16 = 12 − 2.16 1 − 0.867 10
11 .344 + 7.6
= 0.867 A = 1.17 V
 Capacitors / Kapasitore
V D
Q = CV E = = ε 0ε r
D E
C = (n − 1)ε 0ε
A 1
r Energy = CV 2 T = RC
D 2
 −t
 −t −t
v ris e = Vm 
1 − e
T 
 v dec res e = Vm e T
ic harge = Im e T

 
e0 = 8,85  10 −12

Question 3
The dielectric of a capacitor is 1,2 mm thick. It has a relative permittivity of 6 and there are 5 plates.
The area of one plate is 450 mm2. If the capacitor is connected to a 230V dc supply, determine:
1. The capacitance of the capacitor.
2. The charge on the capacitor.
3. The energy stored in the capacitor.
[6]

1. C = (n-1) 0rA
d
= (5-1) 8,85 x 10-12 x 6 x 450 x (10-3)2
1,2 x 10-3
= 79,65 pF 

2.
Q = CV
= 79,65 x 10-12 x 230 C
= 1,832 x 10-8 C

3. Energie = 0.5 C V2
= 2.11 x 10-6 Joule
Question 4
The switch in the circuit shown below is switched to position 1. Determine:
1. The time constant of the charging circuit.
2. The charging current after 2.5 seconds.
3. The charging voltage after 3 seconds.
4. The time required for the capacitor voltage to reach 70V.
5. After 100 seconds the switch is set to position 2. Calculate the discharge current 5 time constants
after the switching took place.

1 2

100V
27 8.2
k k

350F
[10]

Die skakelaar word in die kring in figuur hieronder na posisie 1 geskakel. Bepaal :
1. Die tydkonstante van die laaibaan. 7,875s 
2. Die laaistroom na 2.5 sekondes. 3,23mA 
3. Die laaispanning na 3 sekondes. 31,379V 
4. Die tyd benodig vir die spanning op die kapasitor om 70 V te bereik. 9,45s 
5. After 100 seconds the switch is set to position 2. Calculate the discharge current 5 time
constants after the switching took place. i = 19.1 uA
Examples of AC
circuits.