Seatwork in EE-PC 4113

Name: Joshua Carl Abalorio A. BSEE 4-3

Instruction: Answer the following questions with complete solutions. Attach your solution (should be an
image of your own handwriting and must be LEGIBLE) after the number for items needing calculations.
1. Explain the difference between general lighting and localized lighting. Provide images for visual
examples.

General Lighting Localized Lighting

 Based in the two pictures General Lighting provides equal illuminance within an area, it is used
to light up the entire room or area. While in Localized Lighting, general work areas illuminated
while nearby areas are simultaneously illuminated at a lower intensity.

2. Discuss the different types of electrically-powered lamps. Explain their differences in terms of
operating principles, the materials used and their usual applications.

Electrically Powered Operating Principles Material Used Application

Lamps
Incandescent Lamps It is based on temperature
radiation, object emit light
when they are heated.
1. Glass Enclosure Commonly used in desk
2. Tungsten Filament lamps, table lamps,
hallway lighting, closets,
accent lighting, and
chandeliers.

Fluorescent Lamps Generates light from 1. Glass Provide lighting in places

collisions in a hot gas of 2. Ceramic and like retail lighting,
free accelerated electrons Metal Based industrial lighting,
with atoms. 3. Phosphor classroom lighting, and
4. Mercury commercial lighting.
Halogen Lamps It is based to the "Halogen
Cycle" particles of
tungsten from
The filament of the bulb
evaporates.
Collisions with the
tungsten evaporated
using halogen gas. The
fragments
connect chemically with
the halogen
gas. Then tungsten is
redeposited.
returning to the gas and
the filament
is released again.
Metal Halide Lamps A plasma is created by an
electric discharge, and
after atoms or ions are
excited, such as by
bombardment with
electrons, it spontaneously
emits light.
Light Emitting Diode Based on the
electroluminescence
principle. Minority charge
carriers and majority
charge carriers recombine
at the junction when a
current is passed through
the diode.
Neon Lamps According to the principle,
the electric field
accelerates electrons,
which then crash with
neon atoms.
High Intensity Principle of passing an
Discharge Lamps electric current through a
gas to create light
1. Glass Used in automotive
2. Tungsten Filament headlamps, under-cabinet
3. Mixture of Inert lighting, and work lights.
gas
4. Halogen
1. Glass Used in gymnasiums,
2. Argon or Xenon factories, hallways,
3. Mercury outdoor sports lighting,
4. Metal Halides and retail displays
1. Aluminium Used in TV backlighting,
gallium indium smartphone backlighting,
phosphide alloys LED displays, automotive
2. Indium gallium lighting
nitride alloys
1. Glass Used as visual indicators
2. Argon in electronic equipment
3. Mercury and appliances
4. Phosphorescent
Materials
5. Xenon
6. Krypton
7. Helium Gas
1. Metal Halide Used when high levels of
2. Xenon light over large areas are
3. Sodium Vapor required, and when energy
4. Mercury Vapor efficiency and/or light
intensity are desired.
3. A machine shop 30 m long and 15 m wide is to have a general illumination of 150 lux on the work
plane provided by lamps mounted 5 m above it. Assuming a coefficient of utilization of 0.55,
determine suitable number and position of light. Assume any data if required.

4. A lamp is moved from 30 cm to 90 cm above the pages of a book. Compare the illumination on the
book before and after the lamp is moved.

5. A screen is placed between two lamps so that they illuminate the screen equally, as shown in the
figure below. The first lamp emits a luminous flux of 1445 lm and is 2.5 m from the screen. What
is the distance of the second lamp from the screen if the luminous flux is 2375 lm?
6. An industrial work area of 33 meters by 13 meters needs an illumination level of 72 lumens per
square meter using 200W lamps with 2730 lumens of output per lamp. The area's coefficient of
utilization is 40% and its maintenance factor is 71%. How many lamps does the area need?

7. Determine the height at which a light source having uniform spherical distribution should be placed
over a floor in order that the intensity of horizontal illumination at a given distance from its vertical
line may be greatest.

8. An incandescent lamp has a filament of 0.005 cm diameter and one meter length. It is required to
construct another lamp of similar type to work at double the supply voltage and give half the
candlepower. Assuming that the new lamp operates at the same brilliancy, determine suitable
dimensions for its filament.
9. Estimate the number of 1000-W floodlight projectors required to illuminate the upper 75 m of one
face of a 96 m tower of width 13 m if approximate initial average luminance is to be 6.85 cd/m 2.
The projectors are mounted at ground level 51m from base of the tower. Utilization factor is = 0.2;
reflection factor of wall = 25% and efficiency of each lamp = 18 lm/W.

10. Two powerful street lamps of 1,000 candela and 800 candela (assumed uniform in all directions)
are mounted 12.5 m above the road level and are spaced 25 meters apart. Find the intensity of
horizontal illumination produced at a point on the ground in-between the lamp posts and just below
the lampposts.
11. Two lamps are hung at a height of 9 m from the floor level. The distance between the lamps is one
meter. Lamp 1 is of 500 candela. If the illumination on the floor vertically below this lamp is 20
lux, find the candlepower of the lamp number two.

12. A high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp is mounted at a height of 6 m in the middle of a large road
crossing. A special reflector directs 100 C.P. maximum in a cone of 70º to the vertical line.
Calculate the intensity of illumination on the road surface due to this beam of 100 C.P.

13. A lightbulb illuminating your computer keyboard provides only half the illuminance that it should.
If it is currently 1.0 m away, how far should it be to provide the correct illuminance?
14. A streetlight contains two identical bulbs that are 3.3 m above the ground. If the community wants
to save electrical energy by removing one bulb, how far from the ground should the streetlight be
positioned to have the same illumination on the ground under the lamp?

15. A 110-cd light source is initially 1.0 m from a screen and then slowly moved away. Determine the
illumination on the screen originally and for every meter of increasing distance up to 7.0 m. (a)
Graph the data. (b) What is the shape of the graph? (c) What is the relationship between illuminance
and distance as shown by the graph?