LP Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Polytechnic College of the City of Meycauayan
Pag-asa Street, Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

(044) 228-5442 / pccmbulacan@gmail.com
TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
Subject: Statistics Probability
Topic: Pearson’s Sample Correlation Coefficient Date: May 23, 2023
Year &Sec: 11 – STEM S.Y. 2022 - 2023 Time: 1:30 pm – 2:30 pm
MODIFIED DAILY LESSON PLAN
I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of correlation and regression
Content Standards
analyses.
The learner is able to perform correlation and regression analyses on real-life problems in
Performance Standards
different disciplines.
A. Learning By the end of the period, the learner is expected to:
Competencies/  explain the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, interpretation, and its limitation;
Objectives
 solve problems in real life using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and;
 investigate the collected data using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
calculates the Pearson’s sample correlation coefficient. M11/12SP-IVh-2

Write the LC code for solves problems involving correlation analysis. M11/12SP-IVh-3
each
II. CONTENT Correlation and Regression Analyses
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
References
1. Teacher’s Guide
pages
NA
2. Learner’s Materials
pages
NA
3. Textbook pages Statistics and Probability Book – Page
4. Additional Materials
from Learning Resource NA
(LR) portal
 Turney, S. (2022, September 6). Pearson correlation coefficient (R) | Guide &
examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/pearson-correlation-
coefficient/
 Frost, J. (2022, July 22). Interpreting correlation coefficients. Statistics By

Jim. https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/correlations/
Other Learning  Bhandari, P. (2022, November 11). Correlation coefficient | Types, formulas &
Resources examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/correlation-coefficient/
 Srivastav, A. K. (2022, October 29). Pearson correlation coefficient.

WallStreetMojo. https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/pearson-correlation-coefficient/
 What is the Pearson coefficient? (2006, May 3).

Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pearsoncoefficient.asp
IV. PROCEDURE
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Reviewing previous The class will pray.
lesson or presenting the The teacher will check the arrangement and cleanliness of the classroom. She will also
new lesson check on the adherence of the learners to COVID-19 health protocols.
The teacher will see to it that the room is properly arranged and the students are
comfortably sitting in their respective seats throughout the class.
The teacher will remind the students that participating in class will give them better
learning experience.
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS TOPICS

 The learner will be able to review the previous topic.
 The teacher will present some graph that related to the previous topic and the
learner will explain it.
ACTIVITY 1: LESSON THAT COUNTS

Instructions: Using the graph in the presentation, explain and visualize some linear
correlations.
1. If all points are perfectly on this line, you have a perfect correlation.
2. If all points are close to this line, the absolute value of your correlation coefficient
is high.
3. If these points are spread far from this line, the absolute value of your correlation
coefficient is low.
Establishing a purpose MOTIVATION:
for the lesson
ACTIVITY 2: MEANT TO BE
 The learner will give their assumption about the two variables if it is connected to
each other or not.
Instructions: Tell if the two variables in the given number are connected or not. Explain your
answer.
1. Demand and Supply

2. Ice cream sales and criminal rate
3. Self- Confidence and Subject Grade
4. Absentees in Class and Subject Grade
5. Age and Weight
 The teacher will reveal the topic for today’s discussion.

 The topic is about the correlation specifically on Pearson Correlation Coefficient
WARM UP SEATWORK:
 The learner will be able to analyze the given data.
ACTIVITY 3: RESEARCH-BASED
Instructions: Look and analyze the data given below. Answer the following guided
questions.
The data that showed below is the total scores of two of the respondents during the
conduction of the research titled “Non-Mathematics Majors’ Math Anxiety and Self-
Efficacy: It’s Impact and Implication” authored by Afable, et al. (2023)
The two variable is divided by the 3 factors. Both variables are consisting of 21 questions
and the researchers use 5- point Likert scale where in 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest.
Number 58 Respondents
Math Anxiety 39 14 45
Self - Efficacy 19 14 10
Number 77 Respondents
Math Anxiety 8 10 19
Presenting Self - Efficacy 21 21 31
examples/instances of
the new lesson Questions:
1. What is the total scores of the respondent in terms of Math Anxiety Level? How
about the Self- Efficacy Level?
Expected Answer: Math anxiety level total scores of the respondents are 98 and 37,
while the self-efficacy level total scores are 43 and 73
2. Is there any relationship between the two variables?

Expected Answer: We cannot tell easily if there is any relationship between these
two variables but we can assume that the math anxiety level of the students is high
and the self-efficacy of it is low and vice versa.
3. Does the statistics is useful and important to our daily life? How about the
correlations?
Expected Answer: Yes, it is useful as we can recognize the relationship of each
variables and how they affect each other. Getting the correlations and
interpretation of the two variables will help our study to measure the accuracy and
validity of the study.
DISCUSSION PROPER
The teacher and the class will have a discussion about Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.
 Correlation Coefficient
A correlation coefficient is a number between -1 and 1 that tells you the strength
Discussing new and direction of a relationship between variables.
concepts and practicing A correlation coefficient is a descriptive statistic. That means that it summarizes
new skills #1 sample data without letting you infer anything about the population.
 Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Pearson correlation coefficient, also known as Pearson R statistical test, measures
the strength between the different variables and their relationships.
The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is the most widely used correlation
coefficient and is known by many names:
1. Pearson’s r
2. Bivariate correlation
3. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC)
4. The correlation coefficient
The Pearson coefficient is a mathematical correlation coefficient representing the

relationship between two variables, denoted as X and Y.
 Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson (1857-1936) was an English academic and prolific contributor to the
fields of mathematics and statistics. He is credited as the principal founder of
modern statistics and an advocate of eugenics. Aside from the eponymous
coefficient, Pearson is known for the concepts of chi-squared test and p-value,
among others, and development of linear regression and classification of
distributions. In 1911, Pearson founded the world's first university statistics
department, the Department of Applied Statistics at University College London.
 Relationship of the variables

Pearson’s correlation coefficient can range from the value +1 to the value -1, where
+1 indicates the perfect positive relationship between the variables considered, -1
indicates the perfect negative relationship between the variables considered, and 0
value indicates that no relationship exists between the variables considered.
Pearson Correlation
Correlation Type Interpretation
Coefficient
When variable changes, the

Between 0 and 1 Positive Correlation other variable changes in
the same direction.
There is no relationship
0 No Correlation
between the variables.
When one variable changes,

Between 0 and -1 Negative Correlation the other variable changes
in the opposite direction.
 Uses of Pearson Correlation Coefficient

The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is one of several correlation coefficients that
you need to choose between when you want to measure a correlation. The Pearson
correlation coefficient is a good choice when all of the following are true:
 Both variables are quantitative: You will need to use a different method if
either of the variables is qualitative.
 The variables are normally distributed: You can create a histogram of each
variable to verify whether the distributions are approximately normal. It’s not a
problem if the variables are a little non-normal.
 The data have no outliers: Outliers are observations that don’t follow the same
patterns as the rest of the data. A scatterplot is one way to check for outliers—
look for points that are far away from the others.
 The relationship is linear: “Linear” means that the relationship between the
two variables can be described reasonably well by a straight line. You can use a
scatterplot to check whether the relationship between two variables is linear.
ACTIVITY 4: COW RELATE ON

Instructions: Tell Correlation if the statement is true and Coefficient if the statement is false.
Correct the statement if it is false.
1. Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be used if the variable is normally distributed.

TRUE
2. Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be use if the both variables are quantitative.
TRUE
3. If the r = 1, it means that the both variables go in the same directions. TRUE
4. If the r = 0, it means that the variable has a negative correlation. FALSE
5. If r = -1, the two variable has no correlation at all. FALSE
CONTINUATION OF DISCUSSION
Discussing new concept and practicing skills #2:
 The Pearson Correlation Coefficient formula is as follows:
Where,
r = Pearson Coefficient
n= number of pairs of the stock
∑xy = sum of products of the paired stocks
∑x = sum of the x scores
∑y= sum of the y scores
∑x2 = sum of the squared x scores
∑y2 = sum of the squared y scores
Discussing new
concepts and practicing
new skills #2  Interpretation:
Pearson Correlation
Strength Direction
Coefficient (r) value
Greater than 0.5 Strong Positive
Between 0.3 and 0.5 Moderate Positive
Between 0 and 0.3 Weak Positive
0 None None
Between 0 and -0.3 Weak Negative
Between -0.3 and -0.5 Moderate Negative
Less than -0.5 Strong Negative
Example: Interpret the following r values.
1. 0. 75 – Strong Positive Correlation
2. 0. 38 – Moderate Positive Correlation
3. -0.54 – Strong Negative Correlation
4. -0.20 – Weak Negative Correlation
5. 0 – No Correlation
 Step in solving Pearson’s correlation coefficient:

1. Find out the number of pairs of variables denoted by n. Suppose x consists of 3
variables – 6, 8, 10. Suppose y consists of corresponding three variables: 12, 10, and
20.
2. List down the variables in two columns
3. Find out the product of x and y in the 3rd column.
4. Find the sum of values of all x and y variables. Write the results at the bottom of the
1st and 2nd columns. Then, write the sum of x*y in the 3rd column.
5. Find out x2 and y2 in the 4th and 5th columns and their sum at the bottom of the
columns.
6. Insert the values found above in the formula and solve it.
2 2
x y xy x y
6 12 72 36 144
8 10 80 64 100
10 20 200 100 400
Σ x =24 Σ y=42 Σxy=352 2
Σ x =200
2
Σ y =644
n ( Σ xy )−(Σ x )(Σ y )
r=
√¿ ¿ ¿
3 ( 352 )−(24)(42)
r=
√¿¿¿
1056−1008
r=
√(600−576)(1932−1764)
48
r=
√(24)(168)
48 48
r= ¿ ¿ 0.7559
√ 4032 63.49803146555
Interpretation: Since the r value is 0.7559 and it is greater than 0.5, therefore there is a
strong positive correlation between the two variables.
Example 2: With the help of the following details in the table, the six people have different
ages and weights given below for the calculation of the value of the Pearson R.
Age(x ) Weight ( y ) xy x
2
y
2
40 78 3120 1600 6084

21 70 1470 441 4900
25 60 1500 625 3600
31 55 1705 961 3025
38 80 3040 1444 6400
47 66 3102 2209 4356
Σ x =202 Σ y=409 Σxy=13937 2
Σ x =7280
2
Σ y =28365
n ( Σ xy )−(Σ x )(Σ y )
r=
√¿ ¿ ¿
6 ( 13937 )−(202)(409)
r=
√¿¿¿
83622−82618
r=
√(43680−40804)(170190−167281)
1004
r=
√(2876)(2909)
1004 1004
r= ¿ ¿ 0.3471
√ 8366284 2892.452938
Interpretation: Since the r value is 0.3471 and it is between the 0.3 and 0.5, therefore there
is a moderate positive correlation between age and weight of the six people.
ACTIVITY 5: CORRELATE WITH ME

 This activity is by pair. The learner needs to find his or her partner to answer the
question below.
Instructions: Find the Pearson Correlation Coefficient of the data below. Create a table and
show your solution. Interpret your answer.
Imagine that you’re studying the relationship between newborns’ weight and
length. You have the weights and lengths of the 10 babies born last month at your
local hospital. After you convert the imperial measurements to metric, you enter
the data in a table:
Developing mastery Weight (kg ) Length (cm)
(leads to Formative
Assessment 3) 3.63 53.1
3.02 49.7
3.82 48.4
3.42 54.2
3.59 54.9
2.87 43.7
3.03 47.2
3.46 45.2
3.46 54.4
3.3 50.4
Expected Answer:
2 2
Weight (kg ) Length (cm) xy x y
3.63 53.1 192.8 13.18 2,819.6
3.02 49.7 150.1 9.12 2,470.1
3.82 48.4 184.9 14.59 2,342.6
3.42 54.2 185.4 11.7 2,937.6
3.59 54.9 197.1 12.89 3,014
2.87 43.7 125.4 8.24 1,909.7
3.03 47.2 143 9.18 2,227.8
3.46 45.2 156.4 11.97 2,043
3.46 54.4 182.8 11.29 2,959.4
3.3 50.4 166.3 10.89 2,540.2
Σ x =33.5 Σ y=501.2 Σxy=1684.2 2
Σ x =113.05
2
Σ y =25,264
n ( Σ xy )−(Σ x )(Σ y )
r=
√¿ ¿ ¿
10 ( 1,684.2 )−(33.5)(501.2)
r=
√¿ ¿ ¿
16842−16790.2
r=
√(1130.5−1122.25)(252640−251201.4 )
51.8
r=
√ 11868.45
r ¿ 0.4755
is a moderate positive correlation between weight and length of the 10 babies that born
last month at the local hospital.
ACTIVITY 6: WHAT A MATHS, WHAT A LIFE
 The class will be divided into 4 groups. They will create a performance-based task.
 Each group needs to collect data from each member of the group.
 The teacher will assign the group on the variables that they have to collect.
 To be fair, each group will choose a number in the presentation that has an
equivalent task.
 Each group will perform the Pearson Correlation Coefficient on the data that they
have collect.
 After 5 minutes, the group will present their work including the interpretation of r
Finding practical value.
applications of concepts
and skills in daily living 1: Age and the Weight of your groupmates.
2: Scores in Math Assessment Test and Number of hours spent in using phone.
3: Shoes Size and number of movie watch during this week.
4: Grade in Mathematics last grading and total of recitation.
The task will be graded based on the rubric.

Problem Solving – 35 points
Math Content – 30 points
Accuracy of Interpretation – 25 points
Presentation – 10 points
Total – 100 points
Making generalizations GENERALIZATION:
and abstractions about  The class will review the Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
the lesson
 The limitation and interpretation when using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
 The step in solving Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
“Correlation is not always about causation – We can be correlated with others, but it
doesn’t mean that we are responsible for them.”
- Sir. Mike A.
Evaluating learning QUIZ: MATH QUICK QUIZ
 The assessment is divided by two part. The first part is multiple item-test and
the second part is problem-solving.
 In first part, the learner will be able to answer the questions for only 30 seconds
each.
 In second part, the learner will be able to solve the problem in 7 minutes.
 The class will check the paper after the assessment part.
Part 1: Instructions: Answer the following questions.
1. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be used when, except:

a. Both variable is qualitative
b. The variables are normally distributed
c. The data have no outliers.
d. The relationship is linear.
2. When the r value is between 0.3 and 0.5, the interpretation of its data is:
a. Moderate Negative Correlation
b. Moderate Positive Correlation
c. Weak Negative Correlation
d. Weak Positive Correlation
3. He was an English Academic and prolific contributor to the field of Mathematics
and Statistics.
a. Max Pearson
b. John Pearson
c. Karl Pearson
d. Karl Max
4. When the variable changes, the other variable changes in the same direction.
Therefore, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient value is;
a. 0
b. Between -1 and 1
c. Between 0 and -1
d. Between 0 and 1
5. When the variable changes, the other variable changes in the opposite direction.
Therefore, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient value is;
a. 0
b. Between -1 and 1
c. Between 0 and -1
d. Between 0 and 1
Part 2: Instructions: Solve the problem using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Create a
table, show your solution, and interpret your answer. (15 points)
With the help of the following details in the table, the six people have different ages and
weights given below for the calculation of the value of the Pearson R.
2 2
Age(x ) Weight ( y ) xy x y
40 78 3120 1600 6084
21 70 1470 441 4900
25 60 1500 625 3600
31 55 1705 961 3025
38 80 3040 1444 6400
47 66 3102 2209 4356
Σ x =202 Σ y=409 Σxy=13937 2
Σ x =7280
2
Σ y =28365
1004 1004
r= ¿ ¿ 0.3471
√ 8366284 2892.452938
is a moderate positive correlation between age and weight of the six people.
REMEDIATION:
Instructions: Interpret the following r value.
1. 0.37 – Moderate Positive Correlation

2. -0.38 – Moderate Negative Correlation
3. 0 – No Correlation
4. 0.24 – Weak Positive Correlation
5. -0.89 – Strong Negative Correlation
6 – 10. Complete the table below and solve for the r – value. Create an Interpretation for
your answer.
Additional activities for
application or 2 2
remediation x y xy x y
6 12 72 36 144
8 10 80 64 100
10 20 200 100 400
Σ x =24 Σ y=42 Σxy=352 2
Σ x =200
2
Σ y =644
48 48
r= ¿ ¿ 0.7559
√ 4032 63.49803146555
Interpretation: Since the r value is 0.7559 and it is greater than 0.5, therefore there is a
strong positive correlation between the two variables.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. B. No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation
C. D. No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation
E. F. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have caught up with the lesson
G. H. No. of learners who continue to require remediation
I. J. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did these work?
K. L. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor can help me solve?
M. N. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share with other teachers?
Prepared by:
MR. MIKE ANGELO C. AFABLE

PCCM Pre-service Teacher
Checked by:
MS. MARJORIE MALVEDA

PCCM TEP Instructor

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Polytechnic College of the City of Meycauayan

Pag-asa Street, Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

MODIFIED DAILY LESSON PLAN

calculates the Pearson’s sample correlation coefficient. M11/12SP-IVh-2

 Frost, J. (2022, July 22). Interpreting correlation coefficients. Statistics By

 Srivastav, A. K. (2022, October 29). Pearson correlation coefficient.

 What is the Pearson coefficient? (2006, May 3).

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS TOPICS

ACTIVITY 1: LESSON THAT COUNTS

1. Demand and Supply

 The teacher will reveal the topic for today’s discussion.

2. Is there any relationship between the two variables?

 Pearson Correlation Coefficient

The Pearson coefficient is a mathematical correlation coefficient representing the

 Relationship of the variables

When variable changes, the

When one variable changes,

 Uses of Pearson Correlation Coefficient

ACTIVITY 4: COW RELATE ON

1. Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be used if the variable is normally distributed.

 The Pearson Correlation Coefficient formula is as follows:

 Step in solving Pearson’s correlation coefficient:

40 78 3120 1600 6084

ACTIVITY 5: CORRELATE WITH ME

The task will be graded based on the rubric.

Part 1: Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be used when, except:

1. 0.37 – Moderate Positive Correlation

MR. MIKE ANGELO C. AFABLE

MS. MARJORIE MALVEDA

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