Northern New York Agricultural Development Program

FACT SHEET
Small Grains Variety Trials 2004: Spring & Winter Wheat
Principal Investigators: Michael H. Davis, Research Associate, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University; and Farm Manager, Cornell Baker Research Farm, Willsboro, NY; and Jerome H. Cherney, E.V. Baker Professor of Agriculture, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University

Why Small Grains?

Introduction:
Why Small Grains Variety Trials?
Small grain variety trials have been conducted at the Cornell Baker Research Farm at Willsboro, NY, for more than 20 years. Trials of spring and winter wheat, spring and winter triticale, winter rye, spring barley, and oat varieties have provided Northern NY farmers with evaluations of the performance of available varieties grown under local conditions. Champlain Valley Milling, a specialty organic our mill located in Westport, NY, currently provides Northern New York farmers with a premium local market for organically-grown wheat, and regional acreage devoted to organic spring and winter wheat production has increased signicantly in recent years. Specialty, niche markets have specic quality standards and it is essential that varieties selected for production under local conditions have the potential to meet the requisite standards. The objectives of the study are: (1) To acquire promising spring and winter wheat varieties and advanced lines from regional seed companies, and public and private breeding programs in the Northeast, Midwest, and Canada, and (2) To evaluate the performance, yield, and quality of spring and winter wheat varieties grown in replicated trials on a Northern NY research farm.

Small grain

variety trials have been conducted at the Cornell Baker Research Farm at Willsboro for more than 20 years...

A local specialty organic our mill provides Northern New York farmers with a premium local market for organically-grown wheat.

See also Organic Field Crop Rotation for NNY: Spring & Winter Wheat Fact Sheet online at www.nnyagdev.org

Methods:
45 Entries in Replicated Trials
Twenty-nine winter wheat entries and 16 spring wheat were grown... No herbicides were used.

Varieties and promising advanced breeding lines of spring and winter wheat were acquired from C&M Seeds, Agriculver Seeds, Champlain Valley Milling, Dr. Sorrells breeding program at Cornell, and Dr. Mergoums breeding program at North Dakota State University. Twenty-nine winter wheat entries and sixteen spring wheat entries were grown in replicated trials at the Cornell Baker Research Farm. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replications for each trial. Plots were located on a Rhinebeck sandy clay loam soil with tile drainage. 200 lb/acre 6-24-24 was broadcast applied and incorporated with a spring-tooth harrow prior to planting each trial. No herbicides were used. Winter wheat was seeded at a rate of 2bu/acre on October 3, 2003 and harvested on August 9, 2004. Spring wheat was planted April 18, 2004 at a 2.5bu/acre seeding rate and harvested August 9, 2004.

Results

Average monthly temperatures for March through July were near long term averages (Figure 1). Rainfall was well above average in May, slightly below average in June, and above average in July (Figure 1).
Figure 1. March-July monthly precipitation totals and average monthly temperatures for 2004 and 13-year average (norm) at Cornell Baker Research Farm, Willsboro.

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Winter wheat trial

2003-2004 winter weather conditions were unfavorable for wheat and signicant stand losses occurred in the plots. The mean percent survival rate for the overall trial was 72 percent, and survival rates differed signicantly between varieties (Table 1). Mean yield for the trial was 90 bu/acre. The inuence of winterkill on yield was highlighted by the varieties at the top and bottom of the yield ranking. The top four varieties in the ranking had survival rates of 87 or 88 percent, while the three lowest yielding varieties had mean winter survival rates of 42 percent or lower. The relationship between winter survival and yield was less apparent, however, with the varieties in the middle of the rankings (Table 1). Signicant differences in plant height, test weight, and percent moisture at harvest were also observed (Table 1). There were no lodging problems in the plots.

Signicant differences in plant height, test weight, and percent moisture at harvest were also observed (Table 1).

Some of the Midwestern lines performed well in Northern New York.

Spring wheat trial

Hard red spring wheat varieties yielded between 63 and 85 bu/acre with an overall trial mean of 77 bu/acre (Table 2). The top nine varieties in the ranking were not statistically different with respect to yield. While several of the varieties in the 2004 trial were new entries and we only have one year of data on their performance, it is interesting to note that some of the Midwestern lines performed well in Northern New York. It may also be noted that Dapps, a hard red spring wheat from North Dakota State University that was selected for high protein level, had below average yield, suggesting that tradeoff may exist between yield and protein content. In addition to yield, spring wheat varieties differed signicantly in plant height and test weight, but not in percent moisture at harvest (Table 2). No lodging was observed in the plots. Tabulated trial results have been posted on the Northern New York Agricultural Development Program website at www.nnyagdev.org and in the variety trial section of the online journal, Plant Management Network, at www.plantmanagementnetwork.org.

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Table 1. Northern New York 2004 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results
Brand/Company Name Hybrid/Variety Market Class Name Yield bu/a Test weight Moisture lb/bu %

Trial Mean LSD LSD P > CV F Test SRW SW HRW SRW SRW SRW SW HRW SW SW SW SW SRW SW SRW HRW HRW HRW HRW HRW SW SW

89.8 58.4 13.2 10.607 2.2 0.6 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 7.2 2.3 3 0.0001 0.0001 0.0079 106 100 100 99 98 97 97 96 94 94 93 93 91 91 90 90 90 89 88 87 86 85 85 83 83 78 78 75 69 58.3 58.7 57.0 62.3 58.7 57.0 57.7 57.7 58.7 60.0 56.0 55.3 60.3 56.0 57.0 57.7 58.3 61.3 61.0 60.0 58.7 59.3 60.3 61.0 56.7 57.7 56.0 58.0 58.3 13.1 13.4 12.7 13.1 13.5 13.0 13.6 12.9 12.9 13.4 13.0 12.4 13.5 12.9 13.1 13.1 13.5 13.5 13.2 13.8 13.2 13.6 13.5 13.5 13.0 12.8 12.8 13.0 13.2

Plant height inches

33 2.4 0.05 4.4 0.0001

Winter survival %

72 15.8

13.5 0.0001 87 87 87 88 82 68 78 85 63 88 67 55 80 48 92 85 70 83 82 67 62 85 68 73 60 73 42 40 30

Ohio Pioneer Ottawa, Canada Agriculver Agriculver Pioneer C&M Seeds Agriculver Agriculver C&M Seeds Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada Cornell Cornell Agriculver Agriculver Cornell Romania C&M Seeds Nebraska Pioneer C&M Seeds C&M Seeds Colorado State Cornell Cornell Pioneer Agriculver Agriculver
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Freedom AC Ron AC Morley Mendon Kristy 99-53 Harus Harvard Marilee Superior Cayuga Houser Ashlund Geneva Fundulea Maxine Century Gryphon CM 98091 Lindon Richland NY Batavia

31 33 36 36 31 38 29 32 36 32 36 33 40 34 31 31 36 36 31 30 29 34 29 32 34 36 28 34 30

Pioneer 25R57 SRW

Pioneer 2737W SW

Genesis 9953 SRW

Pioneer 25W60 SW

Pioneer 25W33 SW NY 88024-117 SW Caledonia SW

Table 2. Northern New York 2004 Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results
Brand/Company Name Hybrid/Variety Name Market Class Yield bu/a Test weight lb/bu Moisture % Plant height inches

Champlain Valley Milling C&M Seeds Champlain Valley Milling C&M Seeds C&M Seeds Champlain Valley Milling C&M Seeds NDSU NDSU Champlain Valley Milling NDSU NDSU Champlain Valley Milling NDSU NDSU Champlain Valley Milling

Russ CM1248 Knudson CM2032 CM206 Freyr CM207 Butte 86 2375 Gunner Grandin Parshall Hannah Dapps Alsen Coteau

Trial Mean LSD LSD P > CV F Test HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS HRS

76.9 61.6 7.6 1.5 0.05 0.05 5.9 1.5 0.0001 0.0001 85 61.0 84 62.0 84 60.7 82 81 80 80 79 79 78 75 73 72 68 67 63 61.7 64.7 63.0 60.0 60.7 62.3 62.3 61.3 63.0 61.0 59.7 62.7 60.0

14.2 NS 0.05 2.7 0.1394 13.8 14.5 13.9 14.8 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.0 13.9 14.0 14.0 14.5 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.1

34 1.6 0.05 2.8 0.0001 36 36 27 33 32 32 29 37 31 38 33 37 38 36 32 41

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Small Grains Variety Trials 2004: Spring & Winter Wheat Sponsors

The small grains variety trials were funded by the Northern New York Agricultural Development Program Program.

Principal Investigators

Michael H. Davis, Research Associate, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University; and Farm Manager, Cornell Baker Research Farm, Willsboro, NY; and Jerome H. Cherney, E. V. Baker Professor of Agriculture, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University

Northern New York Agricultural Development Program

For more information on the Small Grains Variety Trials 2004, contact: Michael H. Davis, Research Associate, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University; and Farm Manager, Cornell Baker Research Farm, Willsboro, NY, 518-963anager, NY 7492, mhd11@cornell.edu.

The Northern New York Agricultural Development Program selects and prioritizes research the results of which can be practically applied to farms in the six-county region of northern NY: Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Franklin, Clinton and Essex Counties. To learn more about the Northern New York Agricultural Development Program, contact Co-Chairs

Jon Greenwood, 315-386-3231, or Joe Giroux, 518-563-7523; or R. David Smith, Cornell University, 607-255-7286; or visit www.nnyagdev.org on the web.

Northern New York Agricultural Development Program 162 Morrison Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 607-255-7286 www.nnyagdev.org

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