Now let’s go to our lesson proper this is a picture that is seen in the cover of your module as you can

see, this just tells us that electromagnetic waves are all around us. Why? Because literally we are
surrounded with a lot of electromagnetic waves also we are enjoying technology that mostly use
electromagnetic waves, for example, the cell phones, the televisions, the Wi-Fi, the Bluetooth, all of
them use electromagnetic waves. So it’s very inevitable for us to discuss this topic because again
electromagnetic waves are essential to our lives.

Now last time we discussed non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation. We are also able to
differentiate the two, so for us to remember the difference between the two:

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, these four types of electromagnetic radiation are
classified as non-ionizing. When you say non-ionizing radiation, these types of radiation are usually less
harmful compared to the other types of electromagnetic waves, they have comparatively low energy
levels however at certain amounts it can also pose hazards to our health especially if you are
overexposed to them.

On the other hand, we also have ionizing radiation, and these three: ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays
are considered as ionizing, so these types of radiation are found on the right most part of the
electromagnetic spectrum and compared to the first type of radiation that we have discussed these
types of radiation are more harmful. They consist of high frequency radiation, if you are overexposed to
ionizing radiation, this can cause damage to atoms and molecules found in your body and it can also
cause changes in the structure of the DNA of any living Organism. So that’s why it’s very important to
avoid over exposure, however take note that ionizing radiation has a lot of benefits in the field of
medicine and also in industries, that’s why we cannot really look at radiation as a negative concept but
we just have to know that it has advantages and disadvantages.

Now this is a summary of everything that we have discussed a while ago. So again, radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, visible light are non-ionizing. While ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are
ionizing radiation.

Next are the factors to consider in minimizing electromagnetic wave exposure we have three factors to
consider first is distance remember these concepts

first the greater the distance the less risk of exposure and it’s important for you to keep distant from
potential sources of high energy radiation if there is a certain source of radiation mas malaki yung
magiging effect sayo kung ikaw ay natayo 1 meter from it kaysa nakatayo ka ng 10 meters from it. So
mas malayo, mas maganda.

Next is time, the greater the time of exposure more harmful effects, so even low energy radiation can
produce negative effects, sabi nga natin during the pandemic it is very important na during online
learning students will still have limits while using their gadgets. Why? Because your eyes will be
overexposed to radiation that is coming from the computer or the gadgets so kahit na mahina lang yung
radiation na galing sa computer or cellphone, if you’re exposed to it a long time halimbawa you are
using your gadget or computer for a minimum of 8 hours per day, that means a greater time of
exposure. So bisan pag gamay ra ang radiation na iyang ginagawas, di gihapon maayo kay mas naexpose
man gihapon ka sa EM Radiation because of the longer time nga imohang gihatag ddtoa.
And finally, we have shielding, radiation can be absorbed by certain materials. There are certain metals
that can shield better than the others. Aluminum and lead are better in shielding.

In this slide you can see a table that simply shows different applications of the different types of
radiation. As you can see, electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic radiation has a lot of applications,
kani palang si visible light its everywhere, ang infrared ug ultraviolet naa sa sunlight. And also it have lots
of applications sa medical field and other industries and also sa communications.

However if you are overexposed to any of these types of radiation can cause harmful effects, example if
you are overexposed to radiowaves and/or microwaves nga usually emitted by gadgets it can cause
cataracts. So pwede na magkaroon ug effects sa inyohang mga mata. Also birth defects, again if only you
are overly exposed jud. Then if you can notice pud for ionizing radiation most of them, once you are
overexposed to them they can cause cancer and genetic damage or they can cause genetic mutations.

Next let’s go to radiation principles, we have three principles of radiation: First is justification when we
say justification, it says here that the benefit must offset radiation harm. (it means that any exposure
must produce sufficient benefit to offset the radiation harm that it might cause, if the exposure has no
benefit it is not justified) So for example X-rays, dapat ginabuhat rana sa tao once or twice a year. If you
could do it once a year, mas maayo pero ang limit lang jud is twice a year. So let’s say person a had an
Xray 2 days ago, and that is his second X-ray for the year so technically dili na siya pwede magpa Xray sa
mga musunod pa nga adlaw or months na sakop karong tuiga. Because again, twice a year lang dapat
ang limit, otherwise ma overly exposed na siya. Pero what if kaning tawhana, sa iyahang pagkademalas
jud kay nahulog sa hagdanan. So siyempre ang suggestion ana sa doctor kay magpa Xray siya, so
mutubag pud ang demalason ug “Doc dili naman ko pwede magpa Xray kay nakaduha naman ko karong
tuiga” so is it justified na ipa Xray gihapon siya bisan tuod ug nakaduha na siya ka sessions? Kasi order sa
doctor, YES IT IS JUSTIFIED because first of all the doctor needs person A to have an X-ray for him to be
able to see if there are any fractures so justified ang iyahang exposure sa radiation, the benefit offsets
radiation harm.

Next is dose limitation, what does dose limitation mean? Dose must not exceed any relevant dose limit,
there are those limits that are prescribed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection or
ICRP and siyempre every year dili dapat ka mulagpas ana or else pwede na na makacause ug sakit sa
imoha or pwede na maghatag ug harmful effects sa lawas sa tao.

Segregation principle optimization of protection we have two terms that were mentioned in your
module so first is as low as reasonably achievable or allara and 2 nd is as low as reasonably practicable,
simple